1. CHEMESTRY
HOLIDAY
HOMEWORK
STATES OF
MATTER

2. MATTER
O Everything in this universe is made up of
material known as matter. According to
Indian philosopher matter is classified in the
form of 5 basic elements “Panch Tatva”-air ,
earth , fire , sky and water . Everything living
or non-living is made up of these 5 elements .

3. O According to modern scientists matter is
classified by their physical properties and
chemical nature.

4. STATES OF MATTER
O Different types of matter around us
having 3 types of different states – solid ,
liquid and gas . These states of matter are
due to variation in the characteristics of
the particles of matter .

5. PHYSICAL NATURE OF
MATTER
O Matter is made up of particles .
O Particles of matter are smaller than our
imagination .
O Particles of matter have space between
them.
O Particles of matter are continuously
moving.
O Particles of matter attract each other.

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
CHARACTERISTICS OF STATES OF
MATTER
characteristic solid liquid gas
shape definite Not fixed No shape
size definite Fixed volume indefinite
By external
force
May break Flow and change
shape
Highly
compressible
diffusion In water Faster than solid Very fast
Rate of
diffusion
Less than
liquid
More than solid
because of freely
movable particles
More than solid
and liquid
because of freely
movable
particles

7. characteristic solid liquid gas
Speed of
particles
Rigid
because of
less space
between
particles
Not rigid
but fluid
move freely
in more
space
Spread rapidly in
large space
Density (mass
per unit volume)
more Less than
solid
Least than solid
and liquid
Effect of
temperature
Can melt
and become
liquid
Can
vaporize

8. CHEMICAL STRUCUTRE
OF MATTER
O All matter are made up of very tiny particles called
atom.
O Atoms are very indivisible particles which can not be
created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
O Atom of different elements have different masses
and chemical properties.
O Atom of any element are identical in mass and
chemical properties.

9. CHEMICAL STUCTURE OF
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
A solid has a regular arrangement of
particles (atoms, ions or molecules).
The particles are close together
and cannot move around so the shape of
a solid is fixed. A solid is said to have long
range order which means that the regular
arrangement of particles keeps
repeating itself over and over for a huge
number of particles .

10. LIQUID
A liquid has an arrangement of particles
that are close together (like a solid) but
the particles are free to move because
the force of attraction between the
particles is weaker than it is in a solid. A
liquid is said to have short range order
which means that the arrangement of
particles only repeats itself for a small
number of particles.

11. GAS
A gas has no order, its particles
are arranged at random . The
particles in a gas are so far apart
that there is no force of
attraction between them . The
particles are unaware of each
others existence unless they
collide .

12. OPresented by –
Paridhi Gouri Patel
OClass – 9th