Building the Foundations of the Geo-semantic Web. Locate 14.
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This presentation explores role of geospatial in the emerging semantic web and implications for the geospatial community, drawing on experiences in the ANZLIC Foundation Spatial Data Framework (FSDF) initiative to illustrate key issues. Beyond the geospatial community, geospatial data is used to organise, integrate, and analyse vast amounts of data related to places. However, the way in which geospatial data is currently delivered hampers efforts to ‘geospatially enable’ these communities. Linked Data uses hypertext linking to support navigation to datasets on the web. The Semantic Web adds a connected web of statements about people, dates, things and places, with formal structure and semantics. This holds great promise to enable users to locate and query linked geospatial and other data to generate insights and knowledge. The Semantic Web requires well-structured, semantically explicit information. Standard information modelling techniques together with new geospatial vocabularies, such as GeoSPARQL and LOCN provide a means to encode and deliver geospatial data for the Semantic Web. This presentation highlights innovative information modelling techniques used in the FSDF to develop geospatial products. It will also highlight key innovations in these products including, explicit encoding of topology to support spatial queries outside of standard GIS applications and feature identifiers that enables reliable linking of information across the web.
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Building the Foundations of the Geo-semantic Web. Locate 14.
- 1. www.csiro.au | www.nicta.com.au Building the Foundations of the Geo-semantic Web: FSDF spatial semantic products and a spatial linked data platform Paul Box, Simon Cox, Bruce Simons, CSIRO Locate14 DIGITAL PRODUCTIVITY AND SERVICES FLAGSHIP Canberra, 8-9 April 2014
- 2. Overview • The future • Where are we now and what are some of the issues? • What are some of the steps we are taking in the geo-semantic direction? • FSDF – Admin Boundary Topology Product • SIRF – Spatial Identifier Reference Framework Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box2 |
- 3. • Australia’s geographic entities in the web of linked data • Stable identifiers for spatial objects • Authoritative data - else people will use non-authoritative sources – Geonames, OpenStreetMap • Direct access to individual features • Not acquiring complete datasets • Minimise cost/licensing barriers The future Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box3 |
- 4. The present - information silos System 1 System 2 System 3 System 5 System 4 System n System 7 $ $ $$ $ $ $ Discover Access UnderstandExtract, Transform, Load Use Time and effort Everything Happens Somewhere Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box4 |
- 5. The present – representing location • Represent spatial objects using geographic data • We use: • Identity (name) • Type • Geometry • Topology • Human users integrate and use in GIS • Enterprise silos • Duplication • Heterogeneity – structure, semantics Concept Relationship Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box5 |
- 6. Identity Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box6 |
- 7. What’s in a name? Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box7 | Tell me about ‘Leichhardt’ Which Leichhardt? • Geonames - Australia 22 - Germany 1 Leichhardt in Australia (NSW +QLD) • 4 (52) Australian Gazetteer (GA) NSW, QLD • 14 ASGS (ABS) NSW, VIC, QLD Leichhardt in NSW 2 (9) in NSW Place Names search (GNB NSW) Feature types • National Gazetteer • Suburb • Parish • Homestead •ASGS • SA2 (NSW, QLD) • SA3 (NSW) • CED (QLD) •IARE (NSW) • State Suburb (VIC, NSW & QLD) • Gazetted locality Leichhardt (Sub) NSW •GNB • Suburb • Parish
- 8. One spatial object - multiple identities and representations Multiple - names, identifiers, geometries, versions Geospatial information Statistical information (geospatial dimension) GNB NSW 32679 Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box8 | Geonames 2160386 ABS ASGS SSC11351 GA Aus Gaz NSW3267
- 9. Geometry & topology Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box9 |
- 10. Separating geometry and topology • Geometric representations – visualization and analysis • Most use cases need topology not geometry - • Traversing hierarchies - Which Jurisdictions contains Leichhardt LGA • Find connected features - Which rivers are upstream of the Hawkesbury? • Geometry is: • unreliable for representing topology • inefficient - each user needs to infer topology from geometry • Tool affordance - dependent on GIS software Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box10 |
- 11. Edge matching between Jurisdictions LGA boundaries are disjoint Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box11 |
- 12. Vertical alignment State > LGA geometries do not align Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box12 |
- 13. Complexity 1 2 Two separate polygons for City of Freemantle (LGA) separated by Swan River Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box13 |
- 14. Representation ≠ intention State Upper House Electoral Boundary State Lower House Electoral Boundary Upper house electorate polygons are contained within lower house electorate polygons Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box14 |
- 15. What do we need? A web of spatial data • Unambiguously identify spatial features - URIs • Link spatial features to • each other • statistics information • Within spatial information products • encode topological relationships ‘adjacent’, ‘touches’, ‘contains’ • Link multiple representation to the same spatial object • Across spatial information products • Link different identities/geometries representing the same real world feature – Gazetteer view authoriative State view , ABS statistical view – Same as • Encode topological relationships across datasets • Reliably link geometric representation to stats/obs • Enable spatial analysis outside GIS Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box15 |
- 16. FSDF - Admin Boundary Topology product Core modelling team Admin Boundary Topology Product development development support Paul Box (CSIRO) Marcus Blake (ABS) Rob Atkinson (CSIRO) Bruce Cotton (GA) Bruce Simons (CSIRO) Simon Cox (CSIRO) Marcus Roy (NICTA) Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box16 |
- 17. Presentation title | Presenter name17 | ANZ Foundation Spatial Data Framework Making Common Foundation Spatial Data Ubiquitous Across Australia and New Zealand 1. Geocoded Addressing 2. Administrative Boundaries 3. Positioning 4. Place Names 5. Land Parcel and Property 6. Imagery 7. Transport 8. Water 9. Elevation and Depth 10. Land Cover
- 18. Modelling process Data Product Specification Supply (current state) What data sets are available? S/T Aggregated Conceptual Model - Concepts - Relationships INSPIRE + Use cases + Supply data + Future needs Link statistical data Demand What products are required? Boundary cookie cutter Traverse spatial hierarchy across S/T boundary Product model What can be done now? Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box18 |
- 19. Admin Boundary Model – all about identity Meta-DataVersioningGeometry Topology Identity A Feature exists and has identity A feature is topologically related to other features A feature has versions as it changes over time A feature has metadata A version has geometric representation(s) Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box19 |
- 20. Admin Boundary Product Model Meta-DataVersioningGeometry Topology Identity A Feature exists and has identity A feature is topologically related to other features A feature has versions as it changes over time A feature has metadata A version has geometric representation(s) Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box20 |
- 21. • What • Government governance admin units • Identity and Topological relationships - contained/contains, adjacent) (geosparq spatial relations) • Position in hierarchy • Representative location • NSW – Leichhardt (LGA) – Albury (LGA) – Version • Geometry • Relationships • Spatial • Adjacent to • Contains • Governance Admin Boundaries Topology Product Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box21 |
- 22. • Process • Build topology from geometry • ‘intention filter’ to clean up geometry • Data source • Developed using PSMA then switched to ABS data • Delivered in standardised formats • GML (WFS) - geometry • RDF (SIRF API) –identity and relationship Admin Boundaries Topology Product Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box22 |
- 23. SDMG - FSDF AB Topology Product - Box23 |
- 24. • Al NSW > Albury City Council Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box24 |
- 25. NSW > Albury City Council > Springdale Heights SDMG - FSDF AB Topology Product - Box25 |
- 26. NSW > Albury City Council Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box26 |
- 27. VIC > Towong Shire Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box27 |
- 28. STATE_ELECTORAL REGION NORTHERN VICTORIA SOUTHERN METROPOLITAN VIC Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box28 |
- 29. VIC > Southern Metropolitan (Electoral Region) Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box29 |
- 30. Spatial Identifier Reference Framework - a linked spatial data platform Presentation title | Presenter name30 |
- 31. Geospatial information Statistical information (Implicitly geospatial) GNB NSW 32679 Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box31 | Geonames 2160386 ABS ASGS SSC11351 GA Aus Gaz NSW3267 Geo-semantics used to bridge existing gaps Spatial Identifier Reference Framework
- 32. How SIRF works SIRF Spatial Information Statistical Information User Linked Data Web National Spatial Data Infrastructure Agency B Treasury API Agency C Welfare API Agency A Statistics API http://id.data.gov.au/id/AusGaz2010/ NSW56500 Same as http://linkedgeodata.org/triplify/node26469586 Contains isWithin NSW Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box32 | Build data network in SIRF
- 33. Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box33 |
- 34. Standardised based ISO 19109 Application Schema for conceptual - modelling UML ISO 19112 – Spatial referencing OGC WFS ISO19150-2 - OWL for online resource format Spatial - Model driven ETL linked data delivery 34 | Spatial Information Modelling Workshop | Paul Box
- 35. Presentation title | Presenter name35 |
- 36. SIRF Data Network • metadata describing the relationships between Spatial Identifier Sets and related data (RDF) • VOID to describe: • the available online resources for each dataset • cross-references between spatial sets Presentation title | Presenter name36 |
- 37. LinksetSISet SISet Described using: • SIRF metamodel Dublin Core • Can be extended with other description vocabulary as required Two flavors of links • Identity • links between different identities for the same spatial object • OWL sameAS (could use other predicates) • Spatial relations: • relationships between different spatial objects •Described using: •“native” – i.e. lossless, “as declared” in information sources •“geoSPARQL” spatial relations vocabulary (Simple Features subset) • Can be extended to include any relation language e.g. GeoNames ontology • ad-hoc, but a de facto standard may emerge A registered Spatial Identifier Set Description of how two spatial objects are related Australian National Gazetteer FSDF Admin Boundary ‘Cross-walks’ between SISets A registered Spatial Identifier Set
- 38. Dataset Online resource Described using: •VoiD:TechnicalFeature (linked to IEEE URI templating) • RDF-Data cube planned An online resource using an SISet to geo-reference information Described using: • Dublin Core • VoiD • others as needed Linking statistics to spatial LinksetSISet SISetAustralian National Gazetteer FSDF Admin Boundary ABS Stats Census Quickstats A dataset using an SISet as spatial reference
- 39. Summary • Is it the end of the line for geometry? • New way of thinking about how we create • Identity – model important • Suites of smarter products • Implications • SIRF - a key component of NSDI in Australia - used to register and link graphs together and spatial to data • Critical role of modelling - multiple KR UML OWL • URI patterns – FSDF requirements to ALDWG Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box39 |
- 40. More information • FSDF Admin Boundaries prototype product description – Geospatial services - WFS https://github.com/NICTA/fsdf- hackfest/wiki/Data-Sets-and-Services – SIRF API https://github.com/NICTA/fsdf-hackfest/wiki/FSDF-Admin- Boundary-Linked-Data • SIRF • SIRF goals, research, projects, http://www.sirf.net/about-sirf • APIs http://portal.sirf.net/discover-sirf-technologies/sirf-apis Thinking Outside the Polygon – Geo-semantics and Spatial Infrastructures | Box40 |
- 41. Paul Box t: +61 2 93253122 e: paul.j.box@csiro.au w: www.csiro.au DIGITAL PRODUCTIVITY AND SERVICES FLAGSHIP Thank you CSIRO Digital Productivity and Services Flagship
Notas del editor
- Lead a research team in systems interoperability Focus on systems of sysetms inteoperability Everything happens somwehere From traditional SDI to spatial linke ddata web bridge silos betweens spaital and broader world smarter suites of info products Infrastrcuture
- Where do we want to be Change - significant changes in geospatial community over the last decade. Recognition of value of geospatial - Increasing demand for and recognition of value of geospatial amongst decision-makers Everything happens somewhere Smart phone huge volumes of information being generated - big data challenges Staggering volumes information that are explicitly geospatial have coordinates or can be geo-located Internet of things - sensor networks static and dynamic and tracking devices internet of things preparing information about what is happening in particular place Web the key delivery platform and given vast volumes of data being generated we need to be able to link information reliably on the web to distil some meaning out of this information tsunami Out role in this production of Australia geographic entities in the web of linked data Foundation – spatial linked to statistical information Authoritative – lesson learned from UK OS and OSM spawned by access issues for official government data A key is to be able to reliably reference objects – enables linking Stable and actionable Direct access – individual features not only datasets - information more readily accessible in ways that make sense to users – beyond spatial Spatial information delivery if not an end in and of itself . SDI portals need to be more like iTunes - - Listen to individual tracks, try/buy, recommendations download , licencing Geospatial portal should enable these kind of richer interactions not just view online
- Large scale complex interwoven challenges Multiple domains, organisations, scientific disciplines, perspectives Multiple information sources - different scales, sources, formats, semantics, quality etc Granularity Rapid information integration from multiple sources Need better integration of spatial + statistical /observations Integration is inefficient, time consuming & expensive Everything somewhere how do we refer to places – spatial identifiers ‘everything happens somewhere’ – It is said that 80% of gov data has spatial dimension. Geography is a key mechanism for integrating, analysis and interpretation of information from different systems. Highly spatially variable phenomena- need to tie information to places Idea dimesnion for integration of infromaiotn
- Heavy reliance on geometry – primary lens through which we view spatial information Geometry plus attributes
- Dumb identifiers used in system context – not
- Multiple identities and a disconnect between spatial and statistics
- From supply perspective difficult to relibaly encoding topology
- Because diferent sources scales etc etc
- In Victoria
- FSDF common model Thematic Cocneptual Model Product models App schemas
- DPS – delivery content and structure of product DQ, delivery formats, maintenance etc Analysis of use cases indicated similar patterns find something, find how it relatees to something else, get data for it
- Fast-tracked admin boundaries Includes statistical geographies
- Fast-tracked admin boundaries Includes statistical geographies
- Test the model Demonstrate a new product from existing data Goal – encode identity and topology Address issues with geometry
- Test the model Demonstrate a new product from existing data Goal – encode identity and topology Address issues with geometry
- Sjows two hierarchies – LGA and electoral
- Multiple identities and a disconnect between spatial and statistics
- The gazetteer framework provides the scalable geographic dimension to the Linked Data Web. It is DNS for ‘where’ Users access - Register data source - Harvest from WFS - Model transformation – Solid Ground - Connect back to underklying data set to access geometry for underlying feature Operational provenance – where it came from but link to underlying geometry API LID Basic profile of how a URI identifier behaves in a Linked Data environment. Standardises basic object descriptions and listing of available resources. SIRF OpenSearchProfile of OpenSearch protocol supported by SIRF, describing supported content, query syntax and result formats. SIRF CrossRef API Provides a list of alternative or related identifiers to support linking SIRF references. DataNetwork APIAccess metadata about sets of spatial reference and discover related datasets (LinkedData API on VOID standard)SISSVocVocabulary service API (SIRF combines this with LID to create dereferencable terms)FeatureTypeCatalogLID based Linked Data approach to publishing data models for SIRF data content and metadata about the data SIRF indexes.
- Open search – leightweigfth
- Solution is underpinned Ability to harvest and integrate information in different structure and to common model based on model mapping Delviery of information content and models as metadata – FTC from models Tools and doco also SIRF will publish all information models (including for harvested source data) via a standardised approach based on: ISO 19109 Application Schema for conceptual modelling UML ISO19150-2 - OWL for a semantic-web ready online resource format Linked Data API for RESTful convenience methods to generate simplified views for users Linked IDentifier - LID for accessing alternative forms of model suitable for different users.