Jail for Offenders with Mental Health/Chemical Abuse Challenges. JLARC assess whether existing facilities could be converted to a specialized, regional jail (E2SSB 5763, 2005). Specialized: offenders with mental health and co-occurring mental or chemical dependency disorders that need specialized treatment. Regional jail: offenders from many counties and cities
http://www.inmatecountyjail.com
1. Analysis of a
Specialized Regional
Jail Facility
Preliminary Report
Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee
January 4, 2006
Presented by John Woolley, JLARC Staff
2. 2
What We’ll Cover Today
FIRST:
Directive and Summary of Lessons
Learned
SECOND:
Background and Context
THIRD:
Lessons We Learned
FINISH:
Conclusions/Recommendations
3. 3
Jail for Offenders with Mental
Health/Chemical Abuse Challenges
JLARC assess whether existing facilities
could be converted to a specialized,
regional jail (E2SSB 5763, 2005)
Specialized: offenders with mental health
and co-occurring mental or chemical
dependency disorders that need
specialized treatment
Regional jail: offenders from many
counties and cities
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4. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis4
Three Key Questions: Size? Basic
Features? Costs?
SIZE of such a jail?
Need answers to how many, the pool of
offenders: demand
FEATURES or attributes?
Need answers to what these offenders
require
COSTS to convert?
Need answers to number of offenders,
offender requirements, and building rehab
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5. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis5
And Also Important: Benefits?
Do benefits or efficiencies reduce
or defray costs or help avoid
future costs?
Need answers to whether
specialized services make a
difference: efficiencies and
reduced re-offending?
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6. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis6
Many Lessons Learned in
Finding Answers: Summary
SIZE
Potential pool of offenders: about 500
But depends: local choice and who pays?
FEATURES
Secure and provide for stabilization and
transition
COST
New construction likely least expensive
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7. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis7
Lessons on Benefits?
Washington State Institute for
Public Policy reviewing jail-based
programs to determine benefits
Analysis to be completed by Fall
2006
JLARC models constructed to
incorporate benefits information
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8. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis8
Jails Differ in Many Ways
From Prisons
In General:
58 jails, more compact and smaller
When entering jail, offenders may be under
influence of alcohol or drugs
Less time in jail: average of 15 days vs. 20
months in prison
Prisons are run by one state agency:
Department of Corrections
Many different county/city agencies run jails
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10. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis10
Past Reviews of Regional Jails
Give Us Insights
Washington Association of Sheriffs and
Police Chiefs looked in 2001 and 2005
Sentencing Guidelines Commission
looked in 2003
Insights into issues of multiple
jurisdiction jail
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11. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis11
Past Reviews of Regional Jails
Gives Us Insights
State funding desired?
Require high degree of cooperation?
A good idea?
Work also for special populations?
Improve conditions/security?
Economies of scale?
ISSUE DISCUSSED Answer?
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12. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis12
Why Specialized Services?
There is a Legal Requirement
U.S. Supreme Court requires jails to provide
care for serious medical needs, such as
mental health care.
State law: jails to provide necessary medical
care.
Also standards: American Correctional
Association jail standards for mental health:
Screening, crisis intervention, stabilization,
referral
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13. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis13
Three Mental Illnesses of
Primary Concern
Violence to staff
and other inmates
Random, illogical,
irrelevant
thoughts
Schizo-
phrenia
Suicide risk or
disruptive (manic)
Severe mood
swings, possible
delusions
Bipolar
disorder
Factor in suicidal
and self-harming
behavior
Profound
hopelessness
Serious
Depression
ConcernsCharacteristicsIllness
Prozac: $1.83 day
Lithium: 73 cents day
Zyprexa: $19.76 day
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14. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis14
Size: Potential Pool of Offenders
is About 500
Demand assumptions model constructed
Math:
10,036 Jail Average Daily Population
x 16% Percent with MH issue
x 31% Percent with MH issue
requiring specialized services
430 men and 67 women
Equates to about 5% of jail population
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15. 15
Actual Demand Depends on
Price, Proximity, and Program
Local jurisdictions will choose: factors?
Price and who pays?
Proximity: how close to existing jail—
transportation, courts, defenders, family,
local services?
Program: intensity and focus of services
—stabilization, treatment, transition
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16. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis16
Features: Three Key Attributes
1. It’s a jail: security must be kept in mind
2. Withstand the rigors of an institution:
“hardened” for a confined population
3. Recognize specialized requirements of
population including program space:
emphasis on safety, stabilization, and
transition services
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17. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis17
Cost to Convert and Operate:
Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Used
Detailed life-cycle cost analysis on three
existing buildings and on a new building
as a comparison
Life-cycle analysis takes all costs, such
as capital and operating, for life of
building into consideration
Compares buildings of different sizes
and useful life in a rigorous way
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18. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis18
Building Alternatives: Different
Size, Location, Cost
Annex to existing Chelan-Douglas jail:
Small alternative with 20 beds
Converted nursing home in Spokane
Medium alternative with 75 beds
Juvenile Rehab facility in Chehalis
Large alternative with 256 beds
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25. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis
Building Alternatives: Different
Size, Location, Cost
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$951,000 per bedNew Facility
128 beds
$1,052,000 per bedNursing Home
75 beds
$1,010,000 per bedJuvenile Rehab Facility
256 beds
$987,000 per bedChelan-Douglas Annex
20 beds
30 YEAR LIFE-CYCLE
COST
BUILDING
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26. Lesson: Each Alternative Has
Advantages and Disadvantages
CHELAN/DOUGLAS JAIL ANNEX
ADVANTAGES
Make use of main jail’s infrastructure
Small facility (20 beds) may serve needs of
smaller, more rural counties
DISADVANTAGES
Small facility less efficient
Small limits treatment options
Can accommodate only one gender
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27. Lesson: Each Alternative Has
Advantages and Disadvantages
SPOKANE CONVERTED NURSING HOME
ADVANTAGES
Accommodates men and women
Wheelchair access and low acquisition cost
May be sized ( 75 beds) to demand
DISADVANTAGES
Extensive retro-fitting required: not “hard”
Not built with suicide prevention in mind
Location (residential) may be difficult
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28. Lesson: Each Alternative Has
Advantages and Disadvantages
JUVENILE REHAB CENTER
ADVANTAGES
Located on I-5
Constructed for confined population
Existing units efficient; men and women
DISADVANTAGES
“Campus” style too open for jail population
Some existing buildings not needed
Sharing facility difficult: “sight and sound”
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29. Lesson: Each Alternative Has
Advantages and Disadvantages
BRAND NEW FACILITY (PROTOTYPE)
ADVANTAGES
Units scaled for staffing efficiency
Designed for specific program needs
New building has longer useful life
Men and women
DISADVANTAGES
Siting new jail likely difficult
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30. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis
Many Other Options Exist
Focus on alternatives to jail: “continuum”
Specialized jail only after other alternatives
explored
MH Court, crisis triage, expanded services
Develop as specialized wing in planning for
new or expanded jail
Make use of jail infrastructure
If it doesn’t work, fold back into “regular” jail
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31. Lessons on Size, Features,
Costs
SIZE
Estimate of about
5% of jail
population BUT
each jurisdiction
will make their own
decision—demand
based on price,
proximity, and
program
Recommendation 1:
As it evaluates the
establishment of a
regional jail, the
Legislature should
consider specific
local requirements
as it estimates
demand.
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32. Lessons on Size, Features,
Costs
FEATURES
Secure facility,
withstand rigors of this
population,
programming area, mix
of cell types, suicide
prevention in mind
COST
New construction likely
least expensive: staffing
efficiency and specific
needs accommodated
Recommendation 2:
As it considers the
specifics of
converting an existing
facility to a
specialized regional
jail, the Legislature
should consider basic
custody staffing
efficiencies as a key
cost factor.
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33. Lessons on Size, Features,
Costs
SIZE, FEATURES,
AND COSTS
Currently no
specialized regional
jail, so, many
unknowns
Question: Best way
to establish a new
option?
Recommendation 3:
The Legislature should
consider incorporating a
specialized regional
wing into the planning
for a new county jail.
Consideration can be
given to efficient design,
funding mechanisms,
and management
structures.
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34. JLARC's Specialized Regional Jail Analysis
JLARC Staff To Contact
For Further Information
John Woolley
Phone: 360.786.5184
E-Mail: woolley.john@leg.wa.gov
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