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Vitamins
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Vitamins are considered “micronutrients.”
Vitamins are organic (Carbon) compounds.
They DON’T provide energy. So Zero Calorie
values!
They are needed in small quantities for the normal
growth and function of human body.
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Vitamin A - 1913
Vitamin B1 - 1910
Vitamin B2 - 1920
Vitamin B3 - 1936
Vitamin B5 - 1931
Vitamin B6 - 1934
Vitamin B7 - 1931
Vitamins & Discovery Year
There are currently 13 recognized vitamins
Vitamin B9 - 1941
Vitamin B12 - 1926
Vitamin C - 1920
Vitamin D - 1920
Vitamin E - 1922
Vitamin K - 1929
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Vitamins were originally named “Vital Amines” in
1912.
They were thought to be comprised of amine groups,
which were needed to prevent Beri Beri disease.
Vital Amine Name was Given by Casimir Funk, who
was a Polish biochemist.
Vitamin is generalized Name.
Vitamins - History
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Vitamins
Fat Soluble
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Water
Soluble
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B3
Vitamin B5
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B7
Vitamin B9
Vitamin
B12
Vitamin C
Vitamins - Classification
Water Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B3
Vitamin B5
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B7
Vitamin B9
Vitamin B 12
Vitamin C
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
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Vitamins – Classification (Cont.)
Fat Soluble Vitamins:
Soluble in Fats
They are stored in our body
mostly in Liver.
So No need of Daily Intake.
They Don’t easily dissolve
while cooking food.
They are also known as
Stable Vitamins
Water Soluble Vitamins:
Soluble in Water
They aren’t stored in body.
Gets excreted in urine.
There is need for Daily Intake
They easily dissolve while
cooking food.
They are also called unstable
vitamins.
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Sources of Vitamins
Vitamin Scientific Name Sources
A
Yellow & Dark Green Vegetables,
Egg Yolk
Cream
Cod Liver Oil.
D
Morning Sunlight
Butter
Fatty Fish and Fish Liver Oils
Eggs
E
Sunflower seed and Oil.
Peanut Oil
Olive Oil
Almonds
K
Green vegetables
Cabbage
Milk
Liver
Whole Grains
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VITAMIN“A”
(Retinol)
Function:
Required by Retina in Eye.
Assists Proper Cell Division.
Prevents Cancer.
Deficiency Causes:
Night Blindness.
Keratomalacia (Dry Cornea).
Skin problems and respiratory infections.
Overdose Causes
Birth Defects.
Skin Drying and Peeling.
Pressure around Brain, headache and nausea.
Hair Loss and brittle nails.
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VITAMIN“b1”
(Thaimin)
Function:
Releases energy by carbohydrates’ metabolism.
Proper functioning of heart and nervous system.
Muscle toning and muscle coordination.
Deficiency Causes:
Beri Beri: weight loss and muscle weakness.
Fatigue.
Depression and irritability.
Overdose Causes
Headaches.
Convulsions (feets).
Irregular heartbeats and muscular weakness.
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VITAMIN“b2”
(Riboflavin)
Function:
Releases energy from proteins, fat & carbohydrates.
Promotes growth.
Needed for healthy eyes, hair, skin and nails.
Deficiency Causes:
Cracking of lips and corners of mouth.
Watery, itchy and burning eyes.
Soreness and burning of lips and tongue.
Overdose Causes
Harmless effects .
Yellow discoloration of urine.
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VITAMIN“b6”
(Pyridoxine)
Function:
Metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids.
Helps nervous system function properly.
Aids in production of red blood cells.
Deficiency Causes:
Mouth sores, acnes and pimples.
Pheripheral Neuropathy.
Insomnia and depression.
Overdose Causes:
Nervous Damage.
Numbness of feet.
Proprioception. (Brain is unable to understand
where body parts are)
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VITAMIN“b7”
(biotin)
Function:
Essential for energy production.
Metabolism of fats and proteins.
Required for healthy skin and hairs.
Deficiency Causes:
Inflamation of small intestine, results in loss of
appetite and nausea.
Seborrhic dermatitis.(skin inflamation and rashes).
Hair loss.
Paralysis.
Overdose Causes:
No overdose issues have been noticed yet by
overdose of Vitamin B7.
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VITAMIN“b9”
(folicacid)
Function:
Protects and develop the nervous system.
Production of RNA and DNA.
Produces red blood cells for babies in uterus.
Deficiency Causes:
Megaloblastic Anemia - (Bonemarrow Problem),
Spina Bifida – Birth defect of Spinal Cord.
Retarded growth in children.
Chronic Diarrhoea.
Overdose Causes:
Increased risk of seizures and epilepsy (feets).
Encourage cancer mainly in prostate and lungs.
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VITAMIN“b12”
(Cobalamin)
Function:
Forms and generates red blood cells.
Needed for DNA synthesis.
Maintains healthy nervous system.
Deficiency Causes:
Pheripheral numbness and muscle weakness.
Memory loss and confusion.
Dementia.
Neurological Degeneration.
Overdose Causes:
Not overdose issues have been noticed yet by
overdose of Vitamin B12.
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VITAMIN“C”
(ascorbicacid)
Function:
Collagen production. Healthy gums.
Promotes healing and helps in iron absorption.
Healthy skin, bones, cartilage, teeth & blood vessels.
Deficiency Causes:
Bleeding gums.
Poor healing of bruises and wounds.
Reumatic pain in legs.
Muscular atrophy.
Skin lesions.
Overdose Causes:
.Diarrhoea and gastro-intestinal disturbance.
Increased risk of kidney stones (uric acid stone).
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VITAMIN“d”
(calciferol)
Function:
Absorption of Calcium and phosphorus.
Healthy bones.
Healthy teeth.
Deficiency Causes:
Rickets in children.
Loss of bone density in adults.
Increased risk of osteoporosis.
Overdose Causes:
Constipation, Appetite loss, vomitings.
Calcium deposits causing blocking of viens and
kidney stones (calciuam stones).
Irregular heartbeats.
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VITAMIN“e”
(tocopherols)
Function:
Natural Antioxidant.
Helps healing and preventing scarring.
Protects cell Membrane, cardiovascular health.
Deficiency Causes:
Neurological damage.
Short life of red blood cells later results in fatigue.
Balance and coordination problems.
Visual impairment.
Overdose Causes:
Gastro-Intestinal Disturbances.
Fatigue.
Muscle weakness and Headaches.
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Vitamins are organic compounds, i.e. they contain
carbon.
There are 13 vitamins.
Vitamins are classified as water soluble and fat
soluble.
They are needed by our body to perform various
functions properly.
Vitamins shall be taken in proper quantities as there
deficiencies or over intake results in many health
problems.
Conclusion:
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