The document provides a history of the automobile industry beginning in the 18th century. It describes early steam-powered vehicles and the key inventors and innovations that led to gasoline-powered internal combustion engines dominating the industry. The summary highlights some of the major eras of automobile development, including the pioneering years, early automobiles, and the veterans, brass, and pre-WWII eras. Exemplary models from each era are briefly mentioned to illustrate the technological progress and popular body styles of the time.

1. AA
PROJECT REPORTPROJECT REPORT
ONON
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRYAUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
MADE BY:-MADE BY:-
PAVNEET SINGH KOHLIPAVNEET SINGH KOHLI
PGD-IIBM/09/027PGD-IIBM/09/027

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT
““YOU CAN REACH THE SKY ALONE BUT TO BE ONYOU CAN REACH THE SKY ALONE BUT TO BE ON
THE EARTH YOU NEED MANY PEOPLE”THE EARTH YOU NEED MANY PEOPLE”
THERE ARE NUMBER OF PEOPLE ,WHO DESERVETHERE ARE NUMBER OF PEOPLE ,WHO DESERVE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND GRATITUDE FOR THEIRACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND GRATITUDE FOR THEIR
CONTRIBUTION, IN THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETIONCONTRIBUTION, IN THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION
OF MY PROJECT.I AM HIGHLY INDEBTED TO MYOF MY PROJECT.I AM HIGHLY INDEBTED TO MY
GUIDE MR. N. HARIHARAN FOR HIS VALUABLEGUIDE MR. N. HARIHARAN FOR HIS VALUABLE
ASSISTANCE THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT.I WOULDASSISTANCE THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT.I WOULD
NEVER HAVE BEEN ABLE TO COMPLETE THISNEVER HAVE BEEN ABLE TO COMPLETE THIS
PROJECT ON TIME.PROJECT ON TIME.
FINALLY, I EXPRESS MY DEEP GRATITUDEFINALLY, I EXPRESS MY DEEP GRATITUDE
TO MY FRIENDS WITHOUT WHOSE SUPPORT ANDTO MY FRIENDS WITHOUT WHOSE SUPPORT AND
ENCOURAGEMENT THE PROJECT COULD NOT HAVEENCOURAGEMENT THE PROJECT COULD NOT HAVE
BEEN COMPLETED.BEEN COMPLETED.

4. PREFACEPREFACE
ASPIRING MANAGERS JOIN THE INDUSTRY JUSTASPIRING MANAGERS JOIN THE INDUSTRY JUST
AFTER PASSING THEIR COLLEGE EXAMINATION.AFTER PASSING THEIR COLLEGE EXAMINATION.
THERE IS A BIG GAP BETWEEN THE THEORETICALTHERE IS A BIG GAP BETWEEN THE THEORETICAL
EXPECTS OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT AT COLLEGEEXPECTS OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT AT COLLEGE
AND THE GROUND REALITIES IN THE INDUSTRY.TOAND THE GROUND REALITIES IN THE INDUSTRY.TO
GET A FEELER OF ENVIRONMENT OF AN INDUSTRY,GET A FEELER OF ENVIRONMENT OF AN INDUSTRY,
MAKING PROJECT IS A GOLDEN APPORTUNITY FORMAKING PROJECT IS A GOLDEN APPORTUNITY FOR
ASPIRING MANAGERS.ASPIRING MANAGERS.
KEEPING ABOVE IN VIEW ,ENDEAVOR HASKEEPING ABOVE IN VIEW ,ENDEAVOR HAS
BEEN MADE TO PRESENT THE FUNCTIONING ANDBEEN MADE TO PRESENT THE FUNCTIONING AND
ROLE OF A DEPARTMENT.ROLE OF A DEPARTMENT.

5. CONTENTSCONTENTS
 HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILEHISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE
 HISTORY OF TATA MOTORSHISTORY OF TATA MOTORS
 TATA COMPANIESTATA COMPANIES
 AREA OF BUSINESSAREA OF BUSINESS
 JOINT VENTURES,SUBSIDIARIES,ASSOCIATESJOINT VENTURES,SUBSIDIARIES,ASSOCIATES
 LOCATIONLOCATION
 FINANCIALS OF TATA COMPANIESFINANCIALS OF TATA COMPANIES
 TATA GROUP FINANCIALSTATA GROUP FINANCIALS
 MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONSMERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS

6. History of the automobileHistory of the automobile
 TheThe history of the automobilehistory of the automobile begins as earlybegins as early
as 1769, with the creation ofas 1769, with the creation of steam-poweredsteam-powered
automobilesautomobiles capable ofcapable of humanhuman transporttransport.In.In
1806, the first cars powered by1806, the first cars powered by
internal combustion enginesinternal combustion engines running onrunning on fuel gasfuel gas
appeared, which led to the introduction in 1885appeared, which led to the introduction in 1885
of the ubiquitous modernof the ubiquitous modern gasolinegasoline- or petrol-- or petrol-
fueled internal combustion engine.fueled internal combustion engine.
The design of the Cugnot Steam Trolley (1769)

7. Cont..Cont..
 Cars powered byCars powered by electricityelectricity briefly appeared atbriefly appeared at
the turn of the 20th century but largelythe turn of the 20th century but largely
disappeared from commonality until the turn ofdisappeared from commonality until the turn of
the 21st century, when interest in low- and zero-the 21st century, when interest in low- and zero-
emissionsemissions transportation was reignited. As such,transportation was reignited. As such,
the early history of the automobile can bethe early history of the automobile can be
divided into a number of eras based on thedivided into a number of eras based on the
prevalent method of automotive propulsionprevalent method of automotive propulsion
during that time. Later periods were defined byduring that time. Later periods were defined by
trends in exterior styling and size and utilitytrends in exterior styling and size and utility
preferences.preferences.

8. Eras of inventionEras of invention
 Pioneer inventorsPioneer inventors
GermanGerman engineerengineer Carl BenzCarl Benz, inventor of numerous car-, inventor of numerous car-
related technologies, is generally regarded as therelated technologies, is generally regarded as the
inventor of the modern automobile. Theinventor of the modern automobile. The four-strokefour-stroke
petrolpetrol (gasoline)(gasoline) internal combustion engineinternal combustion engine thatthat
constitutes the most prevalent form of modernconstitutes the most prevalent form of modern
automotive propulsion is a creation of German inventorautomotive propulsion is a creation of German inventor
Nikolaus OttoNikolaus Otto. The similar four-stroke. The similar four-stroke diesel enginediesel engine waswas
also invented by a German,also invented by a German, Rudolf DieselRudolf Diesel. The hydrogen. The hydrogen
fuel cellfuel cell, one of the technologies hailed as a replacement, one of the technologies hailed as a replacement
for gasoline as an energy source for cars, wasfor gasoline as an energy source for cars, was
discovered in principle by yet another German,discovered in principle by yet another German,
Christian Friedrich SchönbeinChristian Friedrich Schönbein, in 1838., in 1838.

9. Early automobilesEarly automobiles
steam automobiles:-steam automobiles:-
Ferdinand VerbiestFerdinand Verbiest, a, a
member of amember of a
Jesuit mission in ChinaJesuit mission in China,,
built the firstbuilt the first steamsteam--
powered vehicle aroundpowered vehicle around
1672, designed as a toy1672, designed as a toy
for the Chinese Emperor,for the Chinese Emperor,
it being of small scale andit being of small scale and
unable to carry a driver orunable to carry a driver or
passenger but, quitepassenger but, quite
possibly, the first workingpossibly, the first working
steam-powered vehiclesteam-powered vehicle
('auto-mobile').('auto-mobile').
Cugnot's steam wagon, the second (1771) version

10. Electric automobilesElectric automobiles
 In 1838,In 1838, ScotsmanScotsman
Robert DavidsonRobert Davidson built anbuilt an
electric locomotive thatelectric locomotive that
attained a speed of 4attained a speed of 4
miles per hourmiles per hour (6(6 km/hkm/h). In). In
EnglandEngland, a, a patentpatent was grantedwas granted
in 1840 for the use ofin 1840 for the use of
rail tracksrail tracks asas conductorsconductors ofof
electric currentelectric current, and similar, and similar
American patents were issuedAmerican patents were issued
to Lilley and Colten in 1847.to Lilley and Colten in 1847.
Between 1832 and 1839 (theBetween 1832 and 1839 (the
exact year is uncertain),exact year is uncertain),
Robert AndersonRobert Anderson of Scotlandof Scotland
invented the first crude electricinvented the first crude electric
carriage, powered by non-carriage, powered by non-
rechargeablerechargeable primary cellsprimary cells..

11. Veteran eraVeteran era
 The first production ofThe first production of
automobilesautomobiles was bywas by
Karl BenzKarl Benz in 1888 inin 1888 in
GermanyGermany and, underand, under
licence from Benz, inlicence from Benz, in
FranceFrance byby Emile RogerEmile Roger..
There were numerousThere were numerous
others, includingothers, including tricycletricycle
buildersbuilders Rudolf EggRudolf Egg,,
Edward ButlerEdward Butler, and, and
Léon BolléeLéon Bollée..
The French 1898 Renault Voiturette

12. Brass or Edwardian eraBrass or Edwardian era
 Throughout this era,Throughout this era,
development ofdevelopment of
automotive technologyautomotive technology waswas
rapid, due in part to a hugerapid, due in part to a huge
number (hundreds) of smallnumber (hundreds) of small
manufacturers all competing tomanufacturers all competing to
gain the world's attention. Keygain the world's attention. Key
developments included electricdevelopments included electric
ignition systemignition system (by(by
Robert BoschRobert Bosch, 1903),, 1903),
independent suspensionindependent suspension, and, and
four-four-wheelwheel brakesbrakes (by the(by the
Arrol -JohnstonArrol -Johnston Company ofCompany of
ScotlandScotland in 1909).in 1909).
T-model Ford car parked outside Geelong
Library at its launch in Australia in 1915

13. Cont..Cont..
 Some examples of cars of the period included theSome examples of cars of the period included the
following:following:
 1908–19271908–1927 Ford Model TFord Model T — the most widely produced— the most widely produced
and available car of the era. It used aand available car of the era. It used a
planetary transmissionplanetary transmission, and had a pedal-based control, and had a pedal-based control
system.system.
 19101910 Mercer RaceaboutMercer Raceabout — regarded as one of the first— regarded as one of the first
sports carssports cars, the Raceabout expressed the exuberance of, the Raceabout expressed the exuberance of
the driving public, as did the similarly-conceivedthe driving public, as did the similarly-conceived
American UnderslungAmerican Underslung andand Hispano- Suiza AlphonsoHispano- Suiza Alphonso..
 1910–19201910–1920 Bugatti Type 13Bugatti Type 13 — a notable— a notable racingracing andand
touring model with advancedtouring model with advanced engineeringengineering andand designdesign..
Similar models were the Types 15, 17, 22, and 23.Similar models were the Types 15, 17, 22, and 23.

14. Vintage eraVintage era
Lineup ofLineup of Ford Model AsFord Model As
1926 Austin 7 Box saloon1926 Austin 7 Box saloon
The vintage era lasted from the end of World War I (1919), through the Wall Street Crash at the
end of 1929. During this period, the front- engined car came to dominate, with closed bodies and
standardized controls becoming the norm. In 1919, 90% of cars sold were open; by 1929, 90%
were closed.
Development of the internal combustion engine continued at a rapid pace, with multi-valve and
overhead camshaft engines produced at the high end, and V8, V12, and even V16 engines
conceived for the ultra-rich.

15. Cont..Cont..
 Exemplary vintage vehicles:Exemplary vintage vehicles:
 1922–19391922–1939 Austin 7Austin 7 — the Austin Seven was one of the most widely— the Austin Seven was one of the most widely
copied vehicles ever, serving as a template for cars around thecopied vehicles ever, serving as a template for cars around the
world, fromworld, from BMWBMW toto NissanNissan..
 1924–19291924–1929 Bugatti Type 35Bugatti Type 35 — the Type 35 was one of the most— the Type 35 was one of the most
successfulsuccessful racingracing cars of all time, with over 1,000 victories in fivecars of all time, with over 1,000 victories in five
years.years.
 1922–19311922–1931 Lancia LambdaLancia Lambda — very advanced car for the time, first— very advanced car for the time, first
car to feature a load-bearingcar to feature a load-bearing monocoquemonocoque -type body and-type body and
independent suspensionindependent suspension in front.in front.
 1925–19281925–1928 Hanomag 2 / 10 PSHanomag 2 / 10 PS — early example of— early example of
envelope stylingenvelope styling, without separate fenders (wings) and running, without separate fenders (wings) and running
boards.boards.
 1927–19311927–1931 Ford Model AFord Model A — after keeping the brass era— after keeping the brass era Model TModel T inin
production for too long,production for too long, FordFord broke from the past by restarting itsbroke from the past by restarting its
model series with themodel series with the 1927 Model A1927 Model A. More than 4 million were. More than 4 million were
produced, making it the best-selling model of the era.produced, making it the best-selling model of the era.
 19301930 Cadillac V-16Cadillac V-16 — developed at the height of the vintage era,— developed at the height of the vintage era,
thethe V16V16-powered-powered CadillacCadillac would joinwould join BugattiBugatti's's RoyaleRoyale as the mostas the most
legendary ultra-luxury cars of the era.legendary ultra-luxury cars of the era.

16. Pre-WWII eraPre-WWII era
 The pre-war part of the classicThe pre-war part of the classic
era began with theera began with the
Great DepressionGreat Depression in 1930, andin 1930, and
ended with the recovery afterended with the recovery after
World War IIWorld War II, commonly, commonly
placed at 1948. It was in thisplaced at 1948. It was in this
period that integratedperiod that integrated fendersfenders
and fully-closedand fully-closed bodiesbodies beganbegan
to dominate sales, with theto dominate sales, with the
newnew saloon/sedansaloon/sedan body stylebody style
even incorporating aeven incorporating a
trunk or boottrunk or boot at the rear forat the rear for
storage. The old open-topstorage. The old open-top
runaboutsrunabouts,, phaetonsphaetons andand
touring carstouring cars were phased outwere phased out
by the end of the classic era asby the end of the classic era as
wings, running boards, andwings, running boards, and
headlightsheadlights were graduallywere gradually
integrated with the body of theintegrated with the body of the
car.car.
Citroën Traction Avant

17. Cont..Cont..
 Exemplary pre-war automobiles:Exemplary pre-war automobiles:
 1932–19391932–1939 Alvis Speed 20Alvis Speed 20 andand Speed 25Speed 25 — the first cars with all-— the first cars with all-
synchromesh gearboxsynchromesh gearbox..
 1932–19481932–1948 Ford V-8Ford V-8 — introduction of the powerful— introduction of the powerful Flathead V8Flathead V8 inin
mainstream vehicles, setting new performance and efficiencymainstream vehicles, setting new performance and efficiency
standards.standards.
 1934–19401934–1940 Bugatti Type 57Bugatti Type 57 — a singular high-tech, refined— a singular high-tech, refined
automobile for the wealthy.automobile for the wealthy.
 1934–19561934–1956 Citroën Traction AvantCitroën Traction Avant — the first mass-produced— the first mass-produced
front-wheel drivefront-wheel drive car, built withcar, built with monocoquemonocoque techniques.techniques.
 1936–19551936–1955 MG T seriesMG T series — sports cars with youth appeal at an— sports cars with youth appeal at an
affordable price.affordable price.
 1938–20031938–2003 Volkswagen BeetleVolkswagen Beetle — a design for efficiency and low— a design for efficiency and low
price, which progressed over 60 years with minimal basic change.price, which progressed over 60 years with minimal basic change.
 1936–19391936–1939 Rolls-Royce Phantom IIIRolls-Royce Phantom III —— V12 enginedV12 engined pinnacle ofpinnacle of
pre-war engineering, with technological advances not seen in mostpre-war engineering, with technological advances not seen in most
other manufacturers until the 1960s. Superior performance andother manufacturers until the 1960s. Superior performance and
quality.quality.

18. Post-war eraPost-war era
1953 Morris Minor Series II
Jaguar E-type coupe
1985 Mini

19. Cont..Cont..
 Automobile designAutomobile design finally emerged from thefinally emerged from the
shadow ofshadow of World War IIWorld War II in 1949, the year that inin 1949, the year that in
thethe United StatesUnited States saw the introduction of high-saw the introduction of high-
compressioncompression V8 enginesV8 engines and modern bodiesand modern bodies
fromfrom General MotorsGeneral Motors'' OldsmobileOldsmobile andand CadillacCadillac
brands. Thebrands. The unibodyunibody//strut-suspendedstrut-suspended 19511951
Ford ConsulFord Consul joined the 1948joined the 1948 Morris MinorMorris Minor andand
19491949 Rover P4Rover P4 in waking up thein waking up the automobileautomobile
market in themarket in the United KingdomUnited Kingdom. In. In ItalyItaly,,
Enzo FerrariEnzo Ferrari was beginning hiswas beginning his 250 series250 series, just, just
asas LanciaLancia introduced the revolutionaryintroduced the revolutionary V6V6--
poweredpowered AureliaAurelia..
 Throughout the 1950s,Throughout the 1950s, engineengine powerpower andand
vehicle speeds rose, designs became morevehicle speeds rose, designs became more
integrated and artful, and cars spread across theintegrated and artful, and cars spread across the
worldworld

20. Cont..Cont..
 Exemplary post-war cars:Exemplary post-war cars:
 1948–19711948–1971 Morris MinorMorris Minor — a popular, and typical post-war car— a popular, and typical post-war car
exported around the world.exported around the world.
 1959–20001959–2000 MiniMini — this quintessential small car lasted for four— this quintessential small car lasted for four
decades, and is one of the most famous cars of all time.decades, and is one of the most famous cars of all time.
 1961–19751961–1975 Jaguar E-typeJaguar E-type — the E-type saved Jaguar on the— the E-type saved Jaguar on the tracktrack
and in the showroom, and was a standard for design and innovationand in the showroom, and was a standard for design and innovation
in the 1960s.in the 1960s.
 1964–present1964–present Ford MustangFord Mustang — the— the pony carpony car that became one of thethat became one of the
best-selling and most-collected cars of the era.best-selling and most-collected cars of the era.
 19691969 Datsun 240ZDatsun 240Z — one of the first Japanese sports cars to be a— one of the first Japanese sports cars to be a
smash hit with the North American public, it paved the way for futuresmash hit with the North American public, it paved the way for future
decades of Japanese strength in thedecades of Japanese strength in the automotive industryautomotive industry. It was. It was
affordable, well built, and had great success both on the track and inaffordable, well built, and had great success both on the track and in
the showroom.the showroom.

21. Modern eraModern era
The modern era is normally defined as the 25 years
preceding the current year. However,
there are some technical and
design aspects that differentiate modern cars
from antiques. Without considering the
future of the car, the modern era has been one
of increasing standardisation,
platform sharing, and computer-aided design.
The modern era has also seen rapidly rising fuel efficiency and engine output.
Once the automobile emissions concerns of the 1970s were conquered with
computerised engine management systems, power began to rise rapidly.
In the 1980s, a powerful sports car might have produced 200 horsepower (150 kW)
— just 20 years later, average passenger cars have engines that powerful, and some
performance models offer three times as much power.

22. Cont..Cont..
 Exemplary modern cars:Exemplary modern cars:
 1966–present1966–present Toyota CorollaToyota Corolla — a simple small Japanese— a simple small Japanese
saloon/sedansaloon/sedan that has come to be the best-selling car of all time.that has come to be the best-selling car of all time.
 19671967 NSU Ro 80NSU Ro 80 — the basic wedge profile of this design was— the basic wedge profile of this design was
much emulated in subsequent decades.much emulated in subsequent decades.
 1970–present1970–present Range RoverRange Rover — the first take on the combination of— the first take on the combination of
luxuryluxury andand four-wheel drivefour-wheel drive utility, the original 'utility, the original 'SUVSUV'. Such was the'. Such was the
popularity of the originalpopularity of the original Range Rover ClassicRange Rover Classic that a new model wasthat a new model was
not brought out until 1996.not brought out until 1996.
 1973–present1973–present Mercedes-Benz S-ClassMercedes-Benz S-Class — electronic— electronic
Anti-lock Braking SystemAnti-lock Braking System, supplemental restraint, supplemental restraint airbagsairbags,, seat beltseat belt
pretensioners, and electronicpretensioners, and electronic traction control systemtraction control system all made theirall made their
debut on the S-Class. These features would later become standarddebut on the S-Class. These features would later become standard
throughout the car industry.throughout the car industry.
 1975–present1975–present BMW 3 SeriesBMW 3 Series — the 3 Series has been on Car and— the 3 Series has been on Car and
Driver magazine's annual Ten Best list 17 times, making it theDriver magazine's annual Ten Best list 17 times, making it the
longest running entry in the list.longest running entry in the list.

23. Cont..Cont..
 1977–present1977–present Honda AccordHonda Accord saloon/sedan — thissaloon/sedan — this
Japanese sedan became the most popular car in theJapanese sedan became the most popular car in the
United States in the 1990s, pushing the Ford TaurusUnited States in the 1990s, pushing the Ford Taurus
aside, and setting the stage for today's upscale Asianaside, and setting the stage for today's upscale Asian
sedans.sedans.
 1981–19891981–1989 Dodge AriesDodge Aries andand Plymouth ReliantPlymouth Reliant — the "K-— the "K-
cars" that saved Chrysler as a major manufacturer.cars" that saved Chrysler as a major manufacturer.
These models were some of the first successfulThese models were some of the first successful
AmericanAmerican front-wheel drivefront-wheel drive, fuel-efficient, fuel-efficient compact carscompact cars..
 1983–present1983–present Chrysler minivansChrysler minivans — the two-box— the two-box minivanminivan
design nearly pushed thedesign nearly pushed the station wagonstation wagon out of theout of the
market, and presaged today'smarket, and presaged today's crossover SUVscrossover SUVs..
 1986–present1986–present Ford TaurusFord Taurus — this— this mid-sizedmid-sized front-wheelfront-wheel
drive sedan with modern computer-assisted designdrive sedan with modern computer-assisted design
dominated the American market in the latedominated the American market in the late 1980s1980s, and, and
created a design revolution in North America.created a design revolution in North America.

24. History of Tata MotorsHistory of Tata Motors

25.  Tata Motors is India’s largest automobile company.Tata Motors is India’s largest automobile company.
Established in 1945, it is also among the world’s top fiveEstablished in 1945, it is also among the world’s top five
manufacturers of medium and heavy trucks and themanufacturers of medium and heavy trucks and the
world's second largest medium and heavy busworld's second largest medium and heavy bus
manufacturer. It entered the passenger vehiclesmanufacturer. It entered the passenger vehicles
segment in 1991 and now ranks second in India's in thissegment in 1991 and now ranks second in India's in this
market.market.
 The company, formerly known as Tata Engineering andThe company, formerly known as Tata Engineering and
Locomotive Company, began manufacturing commercialLocomotive Company, began manufacturing commercial
vehicles in 1954 with a 15-year collaboration agreementvehicles in 1954 with a 15-year collaboration agreement
with Daimler Benz of Germany. It has, since, developedwith Daimler Benz of Germany. It has, since, developed
Tata Ace, India's first indigenous light commercialTata Ace, India's first indigenous light commercial
vehicle, Tata Safari, India's first sports utility vehicle,vehicle, Tata Safari, India's first sports utility vehicle,
Tata Indica, India's first indigenously manufacturedTata Indica, India's first indigenously manufactured
passenger car, and the Nano, the world's cheapest car.passenger car, and the Nano, the world's cheapest car.
Cont..Cont..

26. Cont..Cont..
 Tata Motors has over 1,400 engineers andTata Motors has over 1,400 engineers and
scientists in six R&D centres in India,scientists in six R&D centres in India,
South Korea, Spain and the UK. ItsSouth Korea, Spain and the UK. Its
vehicles are exported to Europe, Africa,vehicles are exported to Europe, Africa,
the Middle East, South and Southeastthe Middle East, South and Southeast
Asia and South America.Asia and South America.

27. Tata companies:-Tata companies:-
AA BB CC DD EE GG HH II JJ KK LL MM NN PP RR TT VV
The two Tata promoter companies, Tata Sons and Tata
Industries, and all other Tata companies and subsidiaries,
with their profiles, the products and services they offer, and
contact details

28.  AA
Advinus TherapeuticsAdvinus Therapeutics
Alliance CoffeeAlliance Coffee
 BB

Brunner MondBrunner Mond
 CC

CMCCMC
CorusCorus
 DD

Drive India Enterprise SolutionsDrive India Enterprise Solutions
 EE

Eight O' Clock CoffeeEight O' Clock Coffee
 GG

General Chemical Industrial ProductsGeneral Chemical Industrial Products
Good Earth CorporationGood Earth Corporation
 HH

Hispano CarroceraHispano Carrocera
Hooghly Met Coke and Power CompanyHooghly Met Coke and Power Company
 II

Indian HotelsIndian Hotels
Infiniti RetailInfiniti Retail
 JJ

Jaguar Land RoverJaguar Land Rover
JAMIPOLJAMIPOL
Jamshedpur Utilities and Services CompanyJamshedpur Utilities and Services Company
 KK

Khet Se Agriproduce IndiaKhet Se Agriproduce India
 LL

LandmarkLandmark
 MM

Magadi Soda CompanyMagadi Soda Company
mjunction servicesmjunction services
Mount Everest Mineral WaterMount Everest Mineral Water
 NN

NatSteel HoldingsNatSteel Holdings
NelcoNelco
Nelito SystemsNelito Systems
North Delhi PowerNorth Delhi Power
 PP

Powerlinks TransmissionPowerlinks Transmission
 RR

Rallis IndiaRallis India
Roots CorporationRoots Corporation

29.  TT

TajAirTajAir
TAL Manufacturing SolutionsTAL Manufacturing Solutions
Tata Advanced MaterialsTata Advanced Materials
Tata Advanced SystemsTata Advanced Systems
Tata Africa HoldingsTata Africa Holdings
Tata AGTata AG
Tata AIG General InsuranceTata AIG General Insurance
Tata AIG Life InsuranceTata AIG Life Insurance
Tata Asset ManagementTata Asset Management
Tata AutoComp SystemsTata AutoComp Systems
Tata BlueScope SteelTata BlueScope Steel
Tata BP SolarTata BP Solar
Tata Business Support ServicesTata Business Support Services
Tata CapitalTata Capital
Tata CeramicsTata Ceramics
Tata ChemicalsTata Chemicals
Tata CoffeeTata Coffee
Tata CommunicationsTata Communications
Tata Consultancy ServicesTata Consultancy Services
Tata CumminsTata Cummins
Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle CompanyTata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company
Tata DOCOMOTata DOCOMO
Tata ElxsiTata Elxsi
Tata Financial ServicesTata Financial Services
Tata Housing Development CompanyTata Housing Development Company
Tata Industrial ServicesTata Industrial Services
Tata IndustriesTata Industries
Tata Interactive SystemsTata Interactive Systems
Tata InternationalTata International
Tata International AGTata International AG

Tata Tea IncTata Tea Inc
Tata TechnologiesTata Technologies
Tata TeleservicesTata Teleservices
Tata Teleservices (Maharashtra)Tata Teleservices (Maharashtra)
TatanetTatanet
Tayo RollsTayo Rolls
TCE Consulting EngineersTCE Consulting Engineers
Telco Construction EquipmentTelco Construction Equipment
Tetley GroupTetley Group
The Tinplate Company of IndiaThe Tinplate Company of India
Titan IndustriesTitan Industries
TM International LogisticsTM International Logistics
TrentTrent
TRFTRF
 VV

Virgin Mobile IndiaVirgin Mobile India
VoltasVoltas
 WW

WestlandWestland

30. Areas of businessAreas of business
 Tata Motors makes passenger cars, multi-utility vehiclesTata Motors makes passenger cars, multi-utility vehicles
and light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles.and light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles.
 Passenger cars: The company launched the compactPassenger cars: The company launched the compact
Tata Indica in 1998, the sedan Indigo in 2002 and theTata Indica in 1998, the sedan Indigo in 2002 and the
station wagon Indigo Marina in 2004. Tata Motors alsostation wagon Indigo Marina in 2004. Tata Motors also
distributes Fiat’s cars in India.distributes Fiat’s cars in India.
 Utility vehicles: The Tata Sumo was launched in 1994Utility vehicles: The Tata Sumo was launched in 1994
and the Tata Safari in 1998.and the Tata Safari in 1998.
 Commercial vehicles: The commercial vehicle rangeCommercial vehicles: The commercial vehicle range
extends from the light two- tonne truck to heavy dumpersextends from the light two- tonne truck to heavy dumpers
and multi axled vehicles in the above 40-tonne segment.and multi axled vehicles in the above 40-tonne segment.
 Passenger buses: The company also manufactures andPassenger buses: The company also manufactures and
sells passenger buses, 12-seaters to 60-seaters, in thesells passenger buses, 12-seaters to 60-seaters, in the
light, medium and heavy segments.light, medium and heavy segments.

31. Joint ventures, subsidiaries,Joint ventures, subsidiaries,
associatesassociates
 Tata Motors has joint ventures with Marcopolo, the Brazil-basedTata Motors has joint ventures with Marcopolo, the Brazil-based
maker of bus and coach bodies, and with Fiat Auto (to build amaker of bus and coach bodies, and with Fiat Auto (to build a
commercial vehicle at Fiat's facilities in Córdoba, Argentina).commercial vehicle at Fiat's facilities in Córdoba, Argentina).
 Other associates include:Other associates include:
 Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company, a 100-per centTata Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company, a 100-per cent
subsidiary of Tata Motors in the business of heavy commercialsubsidiary of Tata Motors in the business of heavy commercial
vehicles (www.daewootruck.co.kr/).vehicles (www.daewootruck.co.kr/).
 Tata Motors European Technical Centre is a UK-based, 100-perTata Motors European Technical Centre is a UK-based, 100-per
cent subsidiary engaged in design engineering and development ofcent subsidiary engaged in design engineering and development of
products.products.
 Telco Construction Equipment Company makes constructionTelco Construction Equipment Company makes construction
equipment and allied services. Tata Motors has a 60 per centequipment and allied services. Tata Motors has a 60 per cent
holding; the rest is held by Hitachi Construction Machineryholding; the rest is held by Hitachi Construction Machinery
Company, Japan (www.telcon.co.in/).Company, Japan (www.telcon.co.in/).

32. Cont..Cont..
 Tata Technologies provides specialised engineering and designTata Technologies provides specialised engineering and design
services, product lifecycle management and product-centricservices, product lifecycle management and product-centric
information technology services (www.tatatechnologies.com/).information technology services (www.tatatechnologies.com/).
 Tata Motors (Thailand) is a joint venture between Tata Motors (70Tata Motors (Thailand) is a joint venture between Tata Motors (70
per cent) and Thonburi Automotive Assembly Plant Co (30 per cent)per cent) and Thonburi Automotive Assembly Plant Co (30 per cent)
to manufacture and market the company’s pickup vehicles into manufacture and market the company’s pickup vehicles in
Thailand (www.tatamotors.co.th/).Thailand (www.tatamotors.co.th/).
 Tata Cummins manufactures high horsepower engines used in theTata Cummins manufactures high horsepower engines used in the
company’s range of commercial vehicles (www.tatacummins.com/).company’s range of commercial vehicles (www.tatacummins.com/).
 HV Transmissions and HV Axles are 100-per cent subsidiaries thatHV Transmissions and HV Axles are 100-per cent subsidiaries that
make gearboxes and axles for heavy and medium commercialmake gearboxes and axles for heavy and medium commercial
vehicles .vehicles .
 TAL Manufacturing Solutions is a 100-per cent subsidiary thatTAL Manufacturing Solutions is a 100-per cent subsidiary that
provides factory automation solutions and designs andprovides factory automation solutions and designs and
manufactures a wide range of machine tools (www.tal.co.in/).manufactures a wide range of machine tools (www.tal.co.in/).
 Hispano Carrocera is a Spanish bus manufacturing company inHispano Carrocera is a Spanish bus manufacturing company in
which Tata Motors has a 21-per cent stake (www.hispano-net.com/).which Tata Motors has a 21-per cent stake (www.hispano-net.com/).
 Concorde Motors is a 100 per cent subsidiary retailing Tata Motors’Concorde Motors is a 100 per cent subsidiary retailing Tata Motors’
range of passenger vehicles (www.concordemotors.com/).range of passenger vehicles (www.concordemotors.com/).
 Tata Motors Finance is a 100 per cent subsidiary in the business ofTata Motors Finance is a 100 per cent subsidiary in the business of
financing customers and channel partners of Tata Motorsfinancing customers and channel partners of Tata Motors
(www.tatamotorfinance.com/).(www.tatamotorfinance.com/).

33. LocationLocation
 Tata Motors' plants are located atTata Motors' plants are located at
Jamshedpur (eastern India), Pune (west),Jamshedpur (eastern India), Pune (west),
and Lucknow and Pantnagar (north). Tataand Lucknow and Pantnagar (north). Tata
Motors and Fiat have set up a commonMotors and Fiat have set up a common
manufacturing facility at Ranjangaon, nearmanufacturing facility at Ranjangaon, near
Pune. The company is establishing a newPune. The company is establishing a new
plant at Singur (eastern India).plant at Singur (eastern India).

34. Daily ChartDaily Chart

35. Stock AnalysisStock Analysis
 Tata has emerged as the leading bidder in the battle forTata has emerged as the leading bidder in the battle for
Jaguar and Land Rover based not only on its offer, butJaguar and Land Rover based not only on its offer, but
also its interest in keeping the U.K. labor unions happy.also its interest in keeping the U.K. labor unions happy.
Though bids from all parties have remained undisclosed,Though bids from all parties have remained undisclosed,
The Associated Press has reported that offers rangedThe Associated Press has reported that offers ranged
from $1.5 billion to $2 billion. Ford has been somewhatfrom $1.5 billion to $2 billion. Ford has been somewhat
noncommittal, stating, "There is still a considerablenoncommittal, stating, "There is still a considerable
amount of work to do, and while no final decision hasamount of work to do, and while no final decision has
been made, we will proceed with further substantivebeen made, we will proceed with further substantive
discussions with Tata Motors over the forthcomingdiscussions with Tata Motors over the forthcoming
weeks with a view to securing an agreement that is inweeks with a view to securing an agreement that is in
the best interests of all parties concerned." The otherthe best interests of all parties concerned." The other
bidders, Indian automaker Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd andbidders, Indian automaker Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd and
J.P. Morgan Chase unit One Equity Partners LLC, areJ.P. Morgan Chase unit One Equity Partners LLC, are
still officially in the running.still officially in the running.

36. Financials of Tata companiesFinancials of Tata companies
 This section furnishes the financial figuresThis section furnishes the financial figures
and related information of 23 listed Tataand related information of 23 listed Tata
companiescompanies

38. Tata group financialsTata group financials
YearYear 2006-072006-07
(Rs crore)(Rs crore)
2005-062005-06
(Rs crore)(Rs crore)
% change% change
Total revenueTotal revenue 129,994129,994 96,72396,723 34.434.4
SalesSales 128,377128,377 94,71494,714 35.535.5
Profit before taxProfit before tax 17,86117,861 13,37513,375 33.533.5
Profit after taxProfit after tax 12,57412,574 9,4619,461 32.932.9
Total assetsTotal assets 113,573113,573 79,76679,766 42.442.4
International revenuesInternational revenues
(including exports)(including exports)
48,73048,730 29,63129,631 64.464.4
Total shareholdersTotal shareholders 2,923,6882,923,688 2,302,4462,302,446 2727

39. YearYear 2006-072006-07
(US $ billion)(US $ billion)
2005-062005-06
(US $ billion)(US $ billion)
% change% change
Total revenueTotal revenue 28.828.8 21.921.9 31.5131.51
SalesSales 28.528.5 21.421.4 33.1833.18
Profit before taxProfit before tax 4.04.0 3.03.0 31.731.7
Profit after taxProfit after tax 2.82.8 2.12.1 33.333.3
Total assetsTotal assets 25.225.2 18.418.4 40.040.0
International revenuesInternational revenues
(including exports)(including exports)
10.810.8 6.86.8 58.858.8
Total shareholders 2,923,688 2,302,446 27

40. Cont..Cont..
Financial year is April-March Exchange rate: USD=Rs40.24Financial year is April-March Exchange rate: USD=Rs40.24
for 2007-08 and USD=Rs45.12 for 2006-07.for 2007-08 and USD=Rs45.12 for 2006-07.
Sales figures for group companies are consolidated andSales figures for group companies are consolidated and
net of excise duty (wherever applicable)net of excise duty (wherever applicable)
Group's capital market performance :-Group's capital market performance :-
Shares of the Tata group companies have been among theShares of the Tata group companies have been among the
star performers on the Indian stock market over the laststar performers on the Indian stock market over the last
three years. Trends in the group's total marketthree years. Trends in the group's total market
capitalization along with aggregate market capitalizationcapitalization along with aggregate market capitalization
of Bombay Stock Exchange are provided below.of Bombay Stock Exchange are provided below.

41. With the listing of TCS on August 25, 2004, the total market capitalisation of the group's 27
listed companies crossed the Rs100,000 crore mark and the group acquired the distinction
of having the highest market capitalisation among all business houses in the country, both
in the public and private sectors.
Tata group accounts for 4.9 per cent of the total market capitalisation of BSE.
Tata group companies have contributed significantly to the spread of equity cult in the country.
They enjoy the trust of over 3.5 million investors
Figures within the bracket are in US $ billion.

44. Contribution to the exchequer — 2007-08