Marion Polk Food Share Community Gardens for At Risk Women, Infants and Children

WIC, MPFS, and Community Gardens 1
Running Head: WIC, MPFS, and Community Gardens
Marion County WIC and Marion-Polk Food Share Community Gardens
Braxton Jackson
Kristen Nyberg
Heather Vallee
Western Oregon University

A. Background.................................................................................................................... 3
A-1. Introduction............................................................................................................. 3
A-2. Rationale................................................................................................................. 4
A-3. Knowledge/Service Gap....................................................................................... 10
A-4. Goal and Objectives.............................................................................................. 11
B. Research Design and Methods..................................................................................... 12
B-1. Demographics ....................................................................................................... 12
B-2. Assessment............................................................................................................ 13
B-3. Logic Model.......................................................................................................... 16
B-4. Proposed Interventions.......................................................................................... 17
B-5. Timeline................................................................................................................ 19
C. Conclusions.................................................................................................................. 19
C-1. Strengths and Limitations ..................................................................................... 19
D. References.................................................................................................................... 23
E. Appendix ...................................................................................................................... 27
E-1. English Informed Consent..................................................................................... 27
E-1-2. Spanish Informed Consent................................................................................. 29
E-2. Assessment: English Survey ................................................................................ 31
E-2-2. Assessment: Spanish Survey ............................................................................. 33
E-2-3. Survey Results ................................................................................................... 34
E-2-4. Survey Pie Charts............................................................................................... 35
E-3. Logic Model.......................................................................................................... 37
E-4. Intervention Scoring Guide................................................................................... 38
E-4-2. Community/Container Garden Flyer ................................................................. 39
E-4-3. YouTube Video.................................................................................................. 40
E-4-4. IRB Application................................................................................................. 41
E-4-5. Press Release...................................................................................................... 50
E-5. Timeline ................................................................................................................ 51
E-6. Group Information ................................................................................................ 52
E-7. Recommendations for the next group ................................................................... 52
E-8. Writing Center Slips.............................................................................................. 53

A. Background
A-1. Introduction
As of 2007, Oregon is one of the top three states for very low food security (Food
Research and Action Center, 2009). For a family to be food insecure means that they
lack the ability, because of financial reasons, to acquire enough food to fully meet the
basic needs of that family. This means that the family either had to cut back on the
amount of food that they purchase or the quality of the food that they purchase (FRAC,
2009). A family is categorized as having very low food security if they struggle to have
enough food for the entire family, meaning that both the adults and children either cut
back their meals or skip meals on a frequent basis (FRAC, 2009). Families that fall
below the federal poverty line (a family of 3 making less than 18,310) can apply for
assistance from various different federally funded programs (U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, 2009).
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
(WIC) is a health and nutrition program with a successful record for improving the diet of
infants, children, and pregnant, postpartum and breastfeeding women who are at risk for
nutrition-related illness (“Women, Infants, and Children (WIC),” 2009). The main focus
of the WIC program is to educate mothers on the proper nutrition for babies and young
children. In addition to nutrition education, WIC participants also receive breastfeeding
support and education, supplemental WIC foods, and referrals to other health and social
service agencies (“Women, Infants, and Children (WIC),” 2009). The WIC program has
been documented in government and university research to save lives and save health
care dollars (“Women, Infants, and Children (WIC),” 2009).

The WIC program provides the women with a certain amount of vouchers
depending on how much below the federal poverty line they fall. These vouchers supply
food for items such as whole grains, dairy products, cereals, eggs, cheese, peanut butter,
and minimal fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables were just recently added to the
food list, but unfortunately it is still a minimal amount. Community and container
gardens can be used to supplement for the minimal amount of vouchers. Because it is
such a small amount, the Marion County WIC program has formed a partnership with the
Marion-Polk Food Share (MPFS) to help increase the amount of fruits and vegetables the
participant’s receive by getting them involved with community gardening. The goal of
the MPFS is to end hunger for all and they do this through offering emergency food
boxes and community garden plots, among other services. With the help of these two
agencies the people of the community have the ability to grow a garden that contains
fruits and vegetables that they may not have access to otherwise. The Western Oregon
University students act as liaisons between the Marion County WIC program and the
MPFS. The students also help determine what steps need to be taken next in order to
further strengthen the partnership as well as increase the awareness and involvement in
community gardening. The group needs to show the women and children in the program
how easy and fun community gardening is, as well as all the health benefits they will
receive by eating lots of fruits and vegetables.
A-2. Rationale
According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) every person
should eat a well balanced nutritional diet. That diet should consist of a variety of fruits,
vegetables, whole grains, low-fat milk products, lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs,

and nuts. It should also be low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, salts and added
sugars (USDA, 2009). Increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables has been a
major theme of Federal dietary guidelines for over a decade (Economic Research Service,
2009). It is recommended that adults and children get at least five fruits and vegetables a
day (USDA 2009). Healthy People 2010 state that adults and children over the age of two
only get 1.6 servings of fruits and vegetables per day (Cogswell et al., 2007). Fruits and
vegetables have key nutrients in them such as folate, potassium, magnesium, fiber,
vitamin A and vitamin C (ERS, 2009).
According to the Economic Research Service (ERS) people with higher incomes
tend to purchase more fruits and vegetables. Though, it is also stated that education
about fruits and vegetables has a greater effect than income level in regards to purchasing
fruits and vegetables (ERS, 2009). The more nutritional knowledge a person has the
better choices they will make about fruits and vegetables. Only about 38 percent of
Americans consume the recommended amount of vegetables and only 23 percent of
Americans consume the recommended amount of fruits (ERS, 2009).
Most low-income families cannot afford to purchase an adequate amount of fresh
fruits and vegetables. Families considered to be low-income are families that fall below
the federal poverty line. For example, a family of three that makes less than $18,310 per
year would be considered under the federal poverty line (U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, 2009). Of those low-income families a majority of the financial
providers do not have formal education, or may not have graduated high school, causing
a lack of knowledge about nutritional facts. Families that fall below the federal poverty
line have a harder time affording fresh fruits and vegetables. These low-income families

can apply for assistance from the federal government (ERS, 2009). In 2007, Federal food
and nutrition assistance programs provided benefits to four out of five low-income, food-
insecure households with children (ERS, 2009).
For women who are pregnant, nursing or have children under five there is the
Women, Infants and Children program (WIC) that they could apply to be apart of. In
order to be accepted into the program, they must be considered nutritionally at risk.
Nutritional risk means that the participant has either a medical-based or dietary based
condition (FNS, 2009). Those conditions include anemia, poor pregnancy outcome or
poor diet. WIC is funded by the government and provides vouchers for participants to
buy nutritious foods such as milk, cheese, beans, eggs, whole grains, cereal and peanut
butter. As of August 2009, fresh fruits and vegetables were added to the list but only in a
small amount (Department of Health and Human Services, 2009). Because the amount
provided is not sufficient for the daily recommended amount, participants would need to
get their fruits and vegetables elsewhere. One option for getting fresh fruits and
vegetables is to have the participants grow their own. WIC has partnered up with the
Marion-Polk Food Share (MPFS) in order to raise awareness of community gardening.
Community gardening is simply defined as “any piece of land gardened by a group of
people” (American Community Gardening Association, 2009). For those participants
who find that community gardening is not an option for them, then container gardening is
the next option for fresh fruits and vegetables. Container gardening is defined as the
“method of growing plants outdoors in barrels, pots, and other containers” (Garden
Guide, 2009). In this situation, the containers would be more convenient located indoors.

Unfortunately there has not been any research done in Oregon about community
gardens but in New Mexico there was a study done about promoting community gardens
to the WIC participants. In that study, the educators were instructed to inform the
participants about gardening during their monthly nutrition education class, but the way
that the educators did so was determined by the educator. The studies showed that the
educators who talked about community gardening in their class had a higher participation
rate than those who did not talk about community gardening at all (Flanigan, Varma,
2006). The participants that had the option of taking seeds home were more likely to
plant seeds, whether or not they were the seeds they received, than the participants that
were not offered any seeds. If the participants engaged in planting seeds during their
educational class they were slightly more likely to eat vegetables than the participants
that did not participate in planting seeds in class (Flanigan, Varma, 2006). According to
this study, if the participants were exposed to any form of promotion, they were more
likely to garden than those participants that were not exposed (Flanigan, Varma, 2006).
Since the participants in New Mexico showed an increased interest and involvement in
community gardening after being informed, then it will likely increase the interest and
involvement in the participants in Marion County. The study also stated that the WIC
participants who gained knowledge and overcame barriers to community gardening, were
more than willing to create their own garden, whether it be their own window box garden
or the community garden plot (Flanigan, Varma, 2006). Through the partnership of
Marion County WIC, MPFS, and the WOU students, it is anticipated that the programs
will work together to overcome the objections that occurred in New Mexico, and provide

a curriculum to teach the Marion County WIC participants about gardening and
eventually increase fruit and vegetable intake.
Of the participants in the New Mexico Study who reported talking about
community gardening in class, 62 said they did not have knowledge about community
gardening (Flanigan, Varma, 2006). Another reason participants said they did not
participate in community gardening was because they did not know where the gardens
were located. If the women in this community are facing these challenges, there is
probably a good chance the women of Marion County WIC face the same problems when
it comes to community gardening. If the WIC participants of Marion County could be
informed through their monthly nutrition education classes than there would likely be an
increased interest that would lead to home grown fruits and vegetables. If a lack of
transportation is the reason participants do not get involved with community gardening,
then information about container gardening could be taught during the monthly class.
Participants can then choose to either garden at their home or at their local community
garden.
In addition to providing fresh fruits and vegetables, community gardening can do
other things for the community. According to a study done in California, people that
regularly participated in community gardening were more likely to request for proposals
to improve their community nutrition and physical activity level, or to enhance food
security (Twiss, Dickinson, Duma, Kleinman, Paulsen and Rilveria, 2003). Of all the
cities that participated in the study, a few key elements were established: commitment of
local leadership and staffing, involvement of volunteers and community partners, and
availability of skill-building opportunities for participants (Twiss et al., 2003). The

partnership between WIC and the MPFS offers the local leadership and staffing as well as
the involvement of community partners. The only part of the equation that is lacking is
the skill building opportunities for the participants. These skill building opportunities can
be gardening workshops, peer-to-peer mentoring, advocates for gardens, and developing
culturally appropriate resources (Twiss et al., 2003). Examples of the resources would be
cookbooks, web sites, and newsletters. If the WIC participants developed gardening
skills like the ones stated above, then the amount of people involved in community
gardens would increase.
According to the journal article Gardening for Fitness of Body and Soul,
gardening can be considered a moderate physical activity when doing things like digging,
composting, raking and planting (Krucoff, 2000). Since gardening can be a moderate
physical activity, promoting community gardening goes along with goals set by Healthy
People 2010. The first goal of Healthy People 2010 is to “help individuals of all ages
increase life expectancy and improve their quality of life” (Healthy People 2010, 2001).
One of the subsets of that goal is to increase the number of adults that regularly engage in
moderate activity. If the WIC participants began gardening on a regular basis, that would
be working toward that goal since gardening can be considered a moderate physical
activity. This is especially important for this particular population since women are less
likely to exercise on a regular basis and because low income people are typically less
active (Healthy People 2010, 2001). Along with the goal of improving the quality of life
would be the reduction of stressors of everyday life. Laura Dreyfuss, president of the
Chesapeake Chapter of the American Horticulture Therapy Association, points out that a
person enjoying the outdoors, getting their fingers dirty and seeing the rewards of

something they tended to can be very stress relieving (Krucoff, 2000). Gardening can
also be seen as a reconnection with nature which would nourish your spirit (Krucoff,
2000).
With the partnership between WIC and the MPFS there will be an increase in the
involvement in community and container gardening. Not only will the women be able to
provide fresh fruits and vegetables for their families through community gardening, they
will be able to build social skills, have an outlet for physical activity, and feel a greater
sense of worth. This project will include increased information about gardening with
versions in both English and Spanish as well provide information regarding container
gardening if community gardening is not an option. The benefits of the proposed project
are intertwining WIC with community gardening. If promoted correctly, WIC and
community gardens have the potential to be very successful at adding fruits and veggies
into the lives of people inside the WIC program.
A-3. Knowledge/Service Gap
The WIC program provides its participants with vouchers to buy foods. These
foods include whole grains, cereals, milk, cheese, peanut butter, fruits and vegetables.
The fruits and vegetables that are acceptable are canned and frozen, which are not as
good as fresh. The addition of fruits and vegetables is a recent improvement to the foods
list, but there are not enough fruits and vegetables provided. Women in the program are
offered ten dollars a month for fruits and vegetables and children are offered six dollars.
There is a need for more fruits and vegetables in order to meet the daily recommended
values. The most cost efficient way to get fruits and vegetables to the participants is to

teach them to garden and grow their own fruits and vegetables. The program as it is,
does not teach the participants about gardening even though the WIC program supports
the idea of community and container gardening. The participants are required to go to
monthly educational classes run by the WIC program, but there is no curriculum about
gardening for any of the classes. Having posters set up at the WIC-O-RAMA’s will
increase awareness of community and container gardening as well as increase interest.
Unfortunately there is no data in Oregon about community gardening especially in
relation to the WIC program. Since there is a lack of data, it makes it difficult to change
the program because there is no direct evidence showing that it would increase the fruit
and vegetable consumption among the WIC participants.
A-4. Goal and Objectives
The goal of the Marion-Polk Food Share and the Marion County WIC program is
to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables by having the WIC participants get
involved in community gardening as a way of growing their own fruits and vegetables.
The objectives of the Marion-Polk Food Share and Marion County WIC are to:
• Conduct a survey, on November 19, to assess the knowledge that the WIC
participants have about:
o Community gardens
o Container gardens
• Create and distribute informational flyers with tips and facts about gardening to
the WIC participants who visit the office after December 2, 2009.

• Increase the involvement in community and/or container gardening by teaching
the participants about gardening through having posters at the WIC-O-RAMA on
November 19, 2009.
• Create a You-Tube video and have a press release about the partnership between
the Marion-Polk Food Share and the Marion County WIC program by December
2, 2009.
B. Research Design and Methods
B-1. Demographics
The population that the Women, Infant and Children Program (WIC) targets are
women who are pregnant, nursing or have children under the age of 5 and fall below the
federal poverty level. For the 2008 fiscal year, there were about 8.4 million women,
infants and children that were enrolled in the WIC program in the U.S. (USDA, 2009).
Of those 8.4 million, about 2.2 million were women, 2.2 million were infants and 4
million were children under the age of 5. As of July 2009, there were 113,785
participants enrolled in the WIC program in Oregon (USDA, 2009). That is an increase of
just over three percent from 2008 (USDA, 2009).
There are four traits that make a mother more likely to join the WIC program:
being Hispanic, under 25 years old, never married, and/or does not have a high school
diploma or GED (Kissmer, 2009). In 2002, in the U.S. approximately 38% of WIC
participants were Hispanics, 36% were White, 20% were Black, 4% were Asian/Pacific
Islander and the last 1% were American Indian/Alaska Native (FNS, 2009). At the same
time in Oregon approximately 31% of WIC participants were Hispanic, 60% were White,
3% were Black, 2% were Asian/Pacific Islander and the last 1% were American

Indian/Alaska Native (FNS, 2009). People in the Western or Midwestern states were
more likely to participate in the WIC program in comparison to the Eastern states (FNS,
2009). Children and infants enrolled in the WIC program had a strong correlation with
being enrolled in Medicare as well (FNS, 2009).
The main reason that WIC targets this particular population is because they are
nutritionally at risk. Nutritionally at risk means a couple of different things; it could be
that a person has a medically-based risk such as maternal age, pregnancy complications,
anemia, or be underweight. It could also be a diet-based risk, for example inadequate
dietary patterns (USDA, 2009).
The environment in Marion County is significant for gardening. With all of the
rain the county gets and the sunshine during the summer, the weather is ample for
growing crops throughout the year. There are areas within the city limits that a small
garden can be started as well.
B-2. Assessment
The final goal of the Marion-Polk Food Share and Marion County WIC
partnership is to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among WIC participants in
Marion County using community or container gardens. The purpose of this survey is to
assess what knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs the participants of the WIC program of
Marion County have of community and container gardening. Goals have been established
in the logic model as short-term, mid-term, and long-term and are needed to reach the
final goal. The short-term goals are to increase the knowledge about community gardens
and container gardening; increase the knowledge of the benefits of eating fresh fruits and
vegetables. The mid-term goals for the WIC participants are to increase participation in

community gardening, expansion of at home container gardens, and increase the amount
of fruits and vegetables in existing diet.
The research questions are:
• What do the participants of WIC know about community and container
gardening?
• How do the participants of WIC feel about community and container
gardening?
• Are the participants of WIC interested in community gardening?
The group will use a survey provided at the WIC-O-RAMA on November
19, 2009.
Once the group assesses what the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs the
participants of WIC have, then the group can provide the participants with what they
need to help them with their community and container gardens. The participants of the
survey will be provided a consent form for protection for them and the researcher. The
participants of WIC will need to sign the form before taking the survey. The purpose of
the consent form is to give the participants the information they will need to help them
decide whether to be involved in the study or not. The participants may ask any questions
about the research: what they will be asked to do, the possible risks and benefits, their
rights as a volunteer, and anything else about the research or this form that is not clear.
When all of the participants’ questions have been answered, they can decide to be in this
study or not. This process is called “informed consent”. The participants will be given a
copy of this form for their records.
The following procedures are involved in this survey:

• The WOU students will explain the purpose of the survey.
• The WOU students will then provide the participant a written survey to be
completed. The participant may answer as many or as few questions as
they wish.
• Upon completion of the survey, the WOU students will be available to
help clarify any questions the participants have about the survey.
• Upon completion of the survey, responses will be reviewed by the WOU
Students. No names will be recorded.
The survey was conducted at the monthly WIC-O-RAMA on November 19, 2009.
The survey was a success, having 36 surveys filled out 28 in English and 8 in Spanish.
Two main barriers were experienced while conducting the survey; the Spanish survey
only had the first page translated so the group only had the first half of questions to
provide to the Hispanic participants. Another barrier was the group had a major language
barrier to overcome without an interpreter. The group missed out on about 30 Hispanic
participants who may have filled out the survey had there been an interpreter to explain
the purpose and potential outcomes of the survey. One observation the group made was
how willing the participants were to fill out the survey if you interacted with them.
Only two participants currently participate in community gardening and another
six participate in container gardening. These numbers were higher than the group
expected which was encouraging. Some positive findings were 78% of the participants
were willing to partake in community gardening and 86% would partake in container
gardening. The next group needs to find away to get these high percentages of
participants involved in the gardening of their choice. The group found the participants

had heard more about community gardening compared to container gardening as
expected. The barriers that prevent gardening participation were pretty equal across the
between time (27%), skills (23%), money (20%), and transportation (18%). The factors
that would encourage gardening participation the most was social support (42%).
Education and financial support were second most prevalent at 24%.
The survey findings were that the participants in the WIC program are willing to
community and container garden. The next group needs to find away to make community
and container gardening more easily accessible and eliminate the barriers of time,
gardening skills, money, and transportation. The participants want to garden and the
students of Western Oregon University need to continue to facilitate this.
B-3. Logic Model
The goal of the Marion County WIC and Marion-Polk Food Share partnership is to
increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables among WIC participants. The need for
fruits and vegetables has been established and the logic model is used a plan for the group
to get the desired outcome. To achieve the goal, WIC participants will need to reach the
short-term and mid-term goals and eventually the long-term goals of increasing
consumption of fruits and vegetables and to increase in their nutritional quality of life.
The short-term goals are to increase the knowledge about community gardening
and container gardening and increase the knowledge of the benefits of eating fresh fruits
and vegetables. The mid-term goals for the WIC participants are to increase involvement
in community gardening, expansion of at-home container gardens, and increasing the
amount of fruits and vegetables in the participants existing diet.
The group has several activities planned to help WIC participants achieve the goals

for the program. During the monthly WIC-O-RAMA, the group will provide two posters
about community and container gardening both in English and Spanish. The student
group will also hand out a flyer of helpful information on community and container
gardening as well as the locations of all the community gardens in Marion County. The
group will also develop a PowerPoint and a YouTube video with information about WIC,
MPFS and the WOU partnership. In order to accomplish the activities, several items or
resources are necessary called inputs. The project will need volunteer time, office
supplies, agency partner’s collaboration, gardening materials and technology.
Several external factors affect the goals of the group: lack of time, money, and
transportation among participants. WIC lacks the funds to provide women with fresh
fruits and vegetables. The participants have a lack of awareness and face cultural
barriers. The participants in the WIC program in Marion County speak many different
languages and that barrier may prevent the goals of the program. The assumptions are
that WIC participants will read and understand the flyers, as well as want to garden after
learning about it. Another assumption is that participants do not have the resources
necessary to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables and that they lack the knowledge about
proper nutrition. The last assumption is that some women will not be interested in
gardening.
B-4. Proposed Interventions
Interventions are a great way to provide essential information to the participants
of the WIC program. The interventions will be appealing to the eye and get the
participants excited about both container and community gardening. The main purpose
of the groups interventions are to educate the women on community and container

gardening, in order to increase the involvement and participation in community and
container gardening, which will hopefully lead to an increase in consumption of fruits
and vegetables for the women and their children. The interventions that the student
group is planning on creating are an informative flyer and two posters that will be
displayed at the monthly WIC-O-RAMA’s. The flyer will include facts and tips about
gardening. Other information that will be included in the flyer is information about
gardening options (community gardens and container gardens). The will be in English
and eventually translated into Spanish. This flyer can be put into the packets that the
women receive when they sign up for the WIC program as well as handed out during the
monthly WIC-O-RAMA’s.
The second intervention is going to be two posters displayed during the monthly
WIC-O-RAMA’s. During the WIC-O-RAMA, the student group will have one poster
with information about community gardening with a map of where the gardens are
located. The poster will also have information about how much a plot costs, how large
each plot is, common fruits and vegetables grown in the plots and contact information for
the Marion-Polk Food Share. This poster will be in English on the left side and Spanish
on the right side. If time or weather permits, a quick tour of the community garden
behind the WIC building will be given. The second poster will have information about
container gardening. The poster will have information about using recycled materials
such as milk cartons, soda bottles or barrels to garden in. It will have information about
the types of fruits and vegetables that are easiest to grow in the home as well as tips on
growing the participants own fruits and vegetables. Like the first poster, this poster will
be in English and Spanish.

In addition to the interventions mentioned above, the group plans to create a
PowerPoint, YouTube video, and a press release. All of these interventions are the best
way to get information out because they will be available to the participants on more than
one occasion. Most likely, the reason why women do not participate in gardening is
because they do not know how to start a garden or do not know enough information about
gardening to do so. Distributing this information to the participants in a way that they
can understand is the best way to go about increasing the consumption of fruits and
vegetables among the participants.
B-5. Timeline
The timeline is a visual aid that shows the plan for the program within this
particular ten week period. During this time, the WOU student group is going to attend
the monthly WIC-O-RAMA’s, create two posters, and an informational flyer. During the
second WIC-O-RAMA on November 19th
, the student group will present the two posters
and pass out the informational flyer. The WIC program expects between 800 and 1000
participants to show up to each WIC-O-RAMA. At the second WIC-O-RAMA, the
group will administer and collect the survey (See Appendix E-2). The final portions of
the project that are due on December 2nd
are the PowerPoint, the YouTube video, and the
press release. These items will be used to show the community what the partnership
between Marion WIC, MPFS, and the students of WOU have brought together and
accomplished.
C. Conclusions
C-1. Strengths and Limitations

A strength of the Marion County WIC Program is that there is an acknowledged need.
This is a strength because it shows that the program is aware of the need. One strength
the group become aware of is when you had a conversation with the participants in the
WIC program and let them know why the survey was being conducted they were much
more likely to fill out the survey. Explaining to the participants that the group was trying
to get them more fruits and vegetables, made them excited to fill out the survey. The
group doing WIC next time must be sure to talk to the participants and interact if they
want them to fill out a survey.
The WIC program formed the partnership with the Marion-Polk Food Share after
becoming aware of the necessity for more fruits and vegetables among the participants.
Another strength of this program is that there is an interest in community gardening;
unfortunately there is not enough promotion about community gardening among the WIC
program. The WIC program offers the majority of their materials in English, Spanish and
Russian which is a strength because it allows the participants to understand the
information better.
A limitation of the Marion County WIC Program is the large client-to-staff ratio.
With the ratio the way that it is, one-on-one education is not an option. Inadequate
support within the WIC Program is another limitation that needs to be overcome. The
program has an interest in community gardening but there is not enough support within
the program to encourage the participants to get involved. A major limitation the next
students in the program planning class will need to address is having a Spanish interpreter
anytime the group is working with the participants of WIC. The survey was a great
success with 36 surveys being filled out, but the numbers could have been doubled had

there been a Spanish interpreter who could have explained the survey to the Hispanic
participants in the WIC program. An added limitation was the Spanish survey was only
half translated. The second page was never translated so the eight Hispanic women who
filled it out only answered the questions for the first half of the survey.
Minimal amounts of research done in the area of community gardening make it
difficult for the program to fully implement the idea of community gardening. Since
there is minimal research, there is not enough funding being allocated to the area of
community gardening. If there was more funding for community gardening, then it
would be likely that the involvement rates would increase. A great intervention for one
of the next few program planning classes would be to start a fundraiser on campus to help
raise money for the WIC community so that participants are not as deterred from
gardening by the cost. Another limitation is that the students of Western Oregon
University have to act as a liaison between the MPFS and the WIC program, otherwise
the lines of communication are minimal. Since the students are the liaisons, a limitation
that goes along with that is that each group of students only works with the program for
10 weeks before a new group comes in. That makes it difficult for a sense of consistency
between the groups and the community partners (MPFS and WIC). Other limitations
include a lack of participant transportation, time and childcare.
One way that the program will overcome the limitations of community gardening
is by promoting it at the WIC-O-RAMA that is held monthly so that the participants can
become more aware of gardening. Once the participants are aware of community and
container gardening, the program can hold an educational class about community and
container gardening. Holding the class will boost the support for community and

container gardening. If the MPFS and WIC partnership could start a volunteer mentor
program that would have gardeners from the local area helping the participants start up
their gardens, participants may not be as apprehensive about growing their own fruits and
vegetables.

D. References
American Community Gardening Association (2009). What is A Community Garden?
Retrieved November 10, 2009, from http://www.communitygarden.org/learn/
Children First for Oregon (Ed.). (2008). 2007 Status of Oregon’s Children. Portland, OR:
Author.
D. Erickson, personal communication, October 15, 2009
Department of Health and Human Services (DHS): Public Health Division (2009). WIC-
Approved Foods Effective August 1, 2009. Food List. Retrieved November 10,
2009, from http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/wic/docs/1001_food_list_english.pdf
Department of Health and Human Services. (2009, February 27). The 2009 Federal
Poverty Guidelines. In United States Department of Health and Human Services.
Retrieved October 16, 2009, from http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/09poverty.shtml
ERS (2009). Briefing Rooms: Diet Quality and Food Consumption: Dietary Patterns,
Diet Quality, and Obesity. Retrieved October 6, 2009, from
http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/DietQuality/DietaryPatterns.htm
ERS (2009). Publications: Food Insecurity in Households with Children: Prevalence,
Severity, and Household Characteristics. Retrieved October 6, 2009, from
http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/EIB56/
Flanigan, S., & Varma, R. (2006, February). Promoting Community Gardening to Low-
Income Urban Participants in the Women, Infants and Children Programme
(WIC) in New Mexico. Community, Work and Family, 9(1), 69-74. Retrieved
April 2, 2009, from EbscoHost database.

FNS. (2009, June). Funding and Program Data. Racial/Ethnic Group Enrollment by
Categories April 2002. Retrieved October 20, 2009 from
http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/racial-ethnicdata/2002racial-ethnicdata.htm
Food Research and Action Center (2009). Hunger in the U.S.: Hunger and Food
Insecurity in the United States. Retrieved November 10, 2009, from
http://frac.org/html/hunger_in_the_us/hunger_index.html
Food Research and Action Center (2009). Prevalence of Household-Level Food
Insecurity and Very Low Food Security by State 2005-2007. Retrieved
November 10, 2009, from http://frac.org/pdf/2007rank_food_insecurity.pdf
Garden Guides (2009). How to Grow a Container Vegetable Garden. Retrieved
November 10, 2009, from http://www.gardenguides.com/plant-
dictionary/container-gardening/
Healthy People 2010. (2001, January 30). Nutrition and Overweight. In Healthy People
2010. Retrieved October 6, 2009, from Healthy People 2010 Web site:
http://www.healthypeople.gov/Document/HTML/Volume2/
19Nutrition.htm#_Toc490383124.
Kissmer, C. (2009, March). Dynamics of WIC Program Participation By Infants and
Children, 2001 to 2003. Retrieved October 20, 2009 from
http://www.fns.usda.gov/ora/MENU/Published/WIC/FILES/WICDynamics2001-
2003Sum.pdf
Krucoff, Carol. (October 2000). Gardening: Gardening for Fitness of Body and Soul.
Saturday Evening Post, 272(5), 54-55. Retrieved November 10, 2009, from
Ebsco Host database.

Marion County. (2007, January 19). Marion County, Oregon [Fact Sheet]. Retrieved
October 1, 2009, from http://www.co.marion.or.us/BOC/about.htm#cities
Marion-Polk Food Share. (2007). Community Gardens. Retrieved October 4, 2009, from
http://www.marionpolkfoodshare.org/index.php?CategoryID=14
Oregon DHS. (2008). Marion County 2007 WIC Facts [Fact sheet]. Retrieved October
13, 2009, from
http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/wic/docs/annual2008/annual_marion_2008.pdf
Oregon DHS.
Twiss, J., Dickinson, J., Duma, S., Kleinman, T., Paulsen, H., & Rilveria, L. (2003,
September). Community Gardens: Lessons Learned From California Healthy
Cities and Communities. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1435-1438.
Retrieved October 4, 2009, from EbscoHost database.
U.S Department of Health and Human Services. (2009, February 27). The 2009 Federal
Poverty Guidelines. In United States Department of Health and Human Services.
Retrieved October 6, 2009, from http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/09poverty.shtml.
USDA. (2002, October). History of the WIC program. In The WIC Program:
Background, Trends and Issues. Retrieved October 6, 2009, from
http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/FANRR27/
USDA. (2009). My Pyramid. Retrieved October 6, 2009, from
http://www.mypyramid.gov/?gclid=CO6hxbmT7JoCFQ6jagodq2oYBQ
USDA. (2009, September). Special Supplemental Program for WIC. WIC Program
Monthly Data. Retrieved October 20, 2009 from
http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/37WIC_Monthly.htm

USDA. (2009, September). WIC Program: Total Participation. Retrieved October 20,
2009 from http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/27wilatest.htm
USDA. (2009, September). Women, Infants, and Children. Frequently Asked Questions
about WIC. Retrieved October 20, 2009 from
http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/FAQs/faq.htm#2
WIC at a Glance. (2007) In Oregon WIC. Retrieved October 17, 2009, from Oregon
Department of Human Services Web site: http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/wic/
annuals/07annual.shtml

E. Appendix
E-1. English Informed Consent
INFORMED CONSENT DOCUMENT
j Project Title: WIC and Community Gardening
Principal Investigator: Daniel Lopez-Cevallos, PhD, MPH
Student researchers: Braxton Jackson, Kristen Nyberg, Heather Vallee
This is a research study. The purpose of this research study is to determine what the WIC
participants in Marion County know about community and container gardening. This is part
of Western Oregon University Health Education 471 Program Planning class in partnership
with WIC and Marion-Polk Food Share. The purpose of this consent form is to give you the
information you will need to help you decide whether to be in the study or not. Please read
the form carefully. You may ask any questions about the research, what you will be asked to
do, the possible risks and benefits, your rights as a volunteer, and anything else about the
research or this form that is not clear. When all of your questions have been answered, you
can decide if you want to be in this study or not. This process is called “informed consent”.
You will be given a copy of this form for your records. We are inviting you to participate in
this research study because you are participating in the WIC program.
PURPOSE
If you agree to participate, your involvement will last for approximately 30 minutes. The
following procedures are involved in this study: 1) The Western Oregon University
representative will explain the purpose of the survey. 2) After listening to an explanation of
the survey, the Western Oregon University representative will then provide/begin the
assessment. You may answer as many or as few questions as you wish. 3) Upon completion
of the survey, the Western Oregon University representative will be available to help clarify
any questions you have. 4) Responses will be reviewed and analyzed. No names will be
written; 5) Research staff will present findings in a report delivered to Dale Erickson of the
Marion County Health Department and Jordan Blake of the Marion/Polk Food Share.
PROCEDURES
There is small likelihood that by participating in this study you may feel uncomfortable or
stressed. If it appears that you are experiencing discomfort, you may stop participating and/or
talk with your Western Oregon University representative about your reactions and, if needed,
they will provide information and referrals to local social service agencies that could assist
you.
RISKS
There may be no personal benefit for participating in this study. However, the researchers
anticipate that, in the future, society may benefit from this assessment by gaining knowledge
about the health practices and factors that affect you and your community so that appropriate
health programs can be developed.
BENEFITS
You will not have any costs or compensation for participating in this research study.
COSTS AND COMPENSATION

CONFIDENTIALITY
Records of participation in this study will be kept confidential to the extent permitted by law.
However, federal government regulatory agencies and the Western Oregon University
Institutional Review Board (a committee that reviews and approves research studies
involving human subjects) may inspect and copy records pertaining to this study. A numeric
code will be used to identify individual surveys. In the event of any report or publication
from this study, your identity will not be disclosed. Results will be reported in a summarized
manner in such a way that you cannot be identified.
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION
Taking part in this research study is voluntary. You may choose not to take part at all. If you
agree to participate in this study, you may stop participating at any time. If at any time during
the assessment you do not feel comfortable, you are free to skip any question that you prefer
not to answer. If you decide not to take part, or if you stop participating at any time, your
decision will not result in any penalty or loss of benefits to which you may otherwise be
entitled. The data collection method for this study is done individually, and we will use your
answers up until your request to withdraw from the study.
QUESTIONS
Questions are encouraged. If you have any questions about this research project, please
contact: Dr. Daniel Lopez-Cevallos at (503) 838-8021 or lopezced@wou.edu. If you have
questions about your rights as a participant, please contact the Western Oregon University
Institutional Review Board (IRB) at (503) 838-8271, or by e-mail at irb@wou.edu.
Your signature indicates that this research study has been explained to you, that your
questions have been answered, and that you agree to take part in this study. You will receive
a copy of this form.
Participant's Name (printed):
______________________________________________
__________________________________________ ___________________
Signature of Participant Date
RESEARCHER STATEMENT
I have discussed the above points with the participant or, where appropriate, with the
participant’s legally authorized representative, using a translator when necessary. It is my
opinion that the participant understands the risks, benefits, and procedures involved with
participation in this study.
__________________________________________ ___________________
Signature of Student Researcher Date

E-1-2. Spanish Informed Consent
1 FORMULARIO DE CONSENTIMIENTO
Título de la Investigación: Jardines Comunitarios de WIC (Mujeres, Niños, e infantes)
Investigador Principal: Daniel López-Cevallos, PhD, MPH
Estudiantes Investigadores: Braxton Jackson, Kristen Nyberg, Heather Vallee
Estamos llevando a cabo un estudio para saber más acerca de lo que saben los participantes
de WIC en el condado de Marion sobre los jardines comunitarios y jardinería en contenedor.
Esta investigación es parte de la clase de Diseño de Proyectos de la Universidad de Western
Oregón en colaboración con WIC y Marion County Foodshare (Mujeres, Niños, e infantes y
el programa de compartimiento de comida del condado de Marion).
Por favor lea este documento con cuidado. El propósito de este Formulario de
Consentimiento es darle la información que usted necesita para decidir si tomar parte en el
mismo o no. Usted puede preguntar acerca de la investigación, lo que se le pedirá hacer, los
posibles riesgos y beneficios, sus derechos como voluntario, y cualquier otra duda acerca del
estudio o este formulario. Cuando todas sus preguntas han sido respondidas, usted puede
decidir si desea seguir con este estudio o no. Este proceso se llama “consentimiento
informado”. Usted recibirá una copia de este formulario para sus archivos. Le invitamos a
participar en esta investigación porque usted participa en programa WIC.
QUE DEBO HACER?
Si acepta participar, la investigación durará alrededor de 30 minutos. Esta investigación
incluye los siguientes pasos: 1) El/la representante de la Universidad de Western Oregón
explicará el propósito de la encuesta. 2) Después de escuchar la explicación de la encuesta,
el/la representante de la Universidad de Western Oregón empezará la evaluación. Usted
puede contestar tanto como desee. 3) Luego de completar la encuesta el/la representante de la
Universidad de Western Oregón podrá responder cualquier pregunta que Usted tenga. 4) Sus
respuestas serán revisadas y analizadas. Ningún nombre será escrito. 5) El grupo de
investigación presentará los resultados en un reporte que será entregado a Dale Erickson del
departamento de salud del condado Marion y a Jordan Blake del Marion/Polk foodshare
(programa de compartimiento de comida del los condados Marion y Polk).
CUALES SON LOS BENEFICIOS? POR QUE DEBO PARTICIPAR?
Puede que no encuentre beneficio personal al participar en este estudio. Sin embargo, este
estudio puede ayudar a la sociedad a entender las prácticas de salud y los factores que afectan
su salud y la de su comunidad. Entonces, programas apropiados podrán ser desarrollados.
QUE RIESGOS EXISTEN?
Hay una pequeña posibilidad de que Usted se sienta incómodo(a) o estresado(a) al participar
en esta investigación. Si parece que está incómodo(a), usted puede dejar de participar en esta
investigación y/o hablar con el/la representante de la Universidad de Western Oregón acerca
de sus reacciones y, si es necesario, le daremos información y referencias de agencias locales
de asistencia social que pueden ayudarle.
COSTOS Y COMPENSACIÓN
Usted no tendrá ningún costo o compensación por participar en esta investigación. 2

QUE HACEN PARA PROTEGERME?
Registros de su participación en este estudio serán confidenciales hasta donde lo permita la
ley. Agencias de Regulación del Gobierno Federal y el Comité Institucional de Revisión de la
Universidad Estatal de Oregon (una comisión que revisa y aprueba estudios de investigación
con seres humanos) pueden chequear y copiar registros que pertenezcan a esta investigación.
Un código numérico será asignado para identificar evaluaciones individuales. En el caso de
reporte o publicación de esta investigación, su identidad no será revelada. Los resultados
serán escritos en una forma simplificada de modo que usted no pueda ser identificado.
PARTICIPACIÓN VOLUNTARIA
Recuerde que su participación es voluntaria. Usted puede decidir no ser parte de este estudio.
Y aún cuando decida participar, puede dejar de hacerlo en cualquier momento. Si en algún
momento durante la evaluación se siente incómodo(a), usted es libre de no responder. Si
decide no participar, o dejar de hacerlo en algún momento, su decisión no resultará en multa
o pérdida de beneficios. Dado que recolectamos la información individual, usaremos las
respuestas que dio hasta cuando decidió abandonar el estudio.
ALGUNA OTRA PREGUNTA?
Sus preguntas son importantes. Si usted tiene alguna pregunta acerca de esta investigación,
por favor llame a: Dr. Daniel López-Cevallos al (503) 838-8021 /lopezced@wou.edu. Si
tiene preguntas acerca de sus derechos como participante, por favor llame a: Western Oregon
University Institutional Review Board (IRB) al (503) 838-8271 / irb@wou.edu. Su firma
significa que recibió explicación acerca de esta investigación, que sus preguntas fueron
contestadas, y que acepta ser parte de este estudio. Usted recibe una copia de este formulario
para sus archivos.
Nombre del Participante (escrito):
___________________________________________________
__________________________________________ ___________________
(Firma del Participante) (Fecha)
DECLARACION DEL INVESTIGADOR
Yo he discutido esta información con el(la) participante o, según el caso, con su representante
legal, usando un traductor cuando sea conveniente. A mi criterio, el(la) participante entiende
los riesgos, beneficios y procedimientos que implican ser parte de este estudio.
__________________________________________ ___________________
(Firma del Investigador) (Fecha)

E-2. Assessment: English Survey
WIC Community Garden Survey
Instructions: The following is a short survey regarding community and container
gardens. Please keep in mind that this information will be confidential and we appreciate
your honesty. Please answer all questions to the best of your ability.
1. Have you heard of community gardening? (Check one)
____Yes ____No
Community gardening is a single piece of land that is gardened by a group of people.
2. Do you currently participate in community gardening? (Check one)
____Yes ____No
3. If you currently participate in community gardening, where is the garden located?
4. If you do not currently participate in community gardening would you be interested in
participating in the near future? (Circle one)
____Yes ____No
5. Have you heard of container gardening? (Check one)
____Yes ____No
Container gardening is the practice of growing plants in jugs, pots or window planter
boxes inside the home.
6. Do you currently participate in container gardening? (Check one)
____Yes ____No
7. If you do not already participate in container gardening would you be interested in
participating in the near future? (Circle one)
____Yes ____No
8. What prevents you from participating in community or container gardening now?
(Check all that apply)
____Lack of Transportation ____Lack of Money
____Lack of Skills ____Lack of Time
Other (Please Explain)___________________________________________

10. What would encourage you to participate in community gardening or container
gardening? (Check all that apply)
____Mentor Program ____Social Support (for example: friends to garden
with you, family support)
____Educational Class ____Financial Support (for example: waive in the
plot fee, donated seeds)
Other (Please Explain)___________________________________________
The following questions will be addressing your household information. Keep in mind
that this information is anonymous.
11. What race/ethnicity are you? (Check all that apply)
____White/Caucasian ____African American ____Latino ____Russian
_________________________Other (Please specify)
12. What is the primary language spoken in your home? (Check one)
____English ____Spanish ____Russian
________________________Other (Please specify)
13. What is the highest level of school you completed? (Check one)
____Elementary/Middle School (No more than the 8th
grade)
____Some high school, no diploma ____High school with diploma or GED
____Some College, no diploma ____College with diploma
14. What is your marital status? (Check one)
____Married ____Never married, with partner ____Never married, single
____Divorced ____Separated ____Widowed
15. How many people live in your household? ____
Thank you for your time and help, it is greatly appreciated. This survey will help raise
awareness to community and container gardening.

E-2-2. Assessment: Spanish Survey
Encuesta sobres Jardines comunitarios de WIC (Mujeres, Infantes, y Niños)
Instrucciones: La siguiente es una breve encuesta sobre los jardines comunitarios y la
jardinería en contenedor. Por favor recuerde que esta información es confidencial.
Apreciamos su honestidad. Por favor conteste las siguientes preguntas lo mejor que
pueda:
1. ¿Ha oído hablar sobre los jardines comunitarios?
____Si ____No
Jardines comunitarios son jardines que son compartidos por un grupo de personas.
2. Actualmente, ¿Participa usted en los jardines comunitarios? (Marque uno)
____Si ____No
3. Si usted participa en los jardines comunitarios, ¿En donde esta localizado el jardín?
____________________________________________________________________
4. Si usted no participa en los jardines comunitarios, ¿Esta usted interesado/a en
participar en el futuro cercano? (Marque uno)
____Si ____No
5. ¿Ha oído hablar de la jardinería en contenedor? (Marque uno)
____Si ____No
La jardinería en contenedor consiste en el crecimiento de plantas en materos, jarros o
ollas adentro de la casa.
6. Actualmente, ¿Participa usted jardinería en contenedor? (Marque uno)
____Si ____No
7. Si usted aún no participa en la jardinería en contenedor. ¿Está usted interesado/a en
participar en la jardinería en contenedor en el futuro cercano? (Marque uno)
____Si ____No
8. Actualmente, ¿Cuáles son las circunstancias que le previene participar en los jardines
comunitarios o en la jardinería en contenedor? (Marque todas las que apliquen)
____Falta de Transportación ____Falta de dinero
____Falta de habilidades/conocimiento ____Falta de tiempo
Otro (Por favor explique)___________________________________________

E-2-3. Survey Results
Container/Community Garden Results from November 19, 2009
English and Spanish Survey Results
Questions # of Yes # of No # of Refused to
Answer
Heard of
Community
Gardening?
22 14 0
Currently
participate?
2 34 0
Willing to
participate?
25 9 2
Heard of
Container
Gardening?
13 23 0
Currently
participate?
6 30 0
Willing to
participate?
30 5 1
Transportati
on
Skills Money Time Other
What
prevents
you?
10 13 11 15 7
Mentor Education Social Support Financial
Support
What would
encourage?
3 7 12 7
White African
American
Latino Russian Other
Race/
Ethnicity
15 1 4 0 3
English Spanish Russian Other
Primary
Language
19 4 0 1
8th
grade High school, no
diploma
HS diploma or
GED
College, no
diploma
College w/
diploma
Highest
level of
School
0 6 6 7 2
Married Never married,
with partner
Never married,
single
Divorced Separated Widowed
Marital
Status
8 7 4 1 1 0
1-3 4-6 7-9
Household
size
10 10 1
8 Spanish Surveys filled out, 28 English Surveys filled out

E-2-4. Survey Pie Charts

E-3. Logic Model
Inputs:
• Volunteer Time
• Office Supplies
-paper
-pencils
• Agency Partners to
Collaborate
• Gardening Materials
-soil
-milk jugs/soda
jugs
-seeds
-water
Activities:
• Presentation at
the monthly WIC-
O-RAMA’s
• YouTube Video
• PowerPoint
Presentation
• Educational Flyer
• Press Release
Outputs:
• 500-800
participants that
attended each
WIC-O-RAMA
• # of flyers handed
out
• # of people that
watched the
PowerPoint
presentation
Outcomes:
Short term:
• Increased knowledge about gardening
• Increased knowledge about fruits and
vegetables
• Increased knowledge about nutritious
foods
Mid term:
• Increased participation in gardening
• Expansion of home gardens
• Increased amount of fruits and
vegetables in existing diet
Long term:
• Increased nutritional quality of life
• Increase in overall fruit and vegetable
consumption
Assumptions:
• Participants will read/understand
the flyers
• Participants will want to garden
after learning about it.
• Participants do not have the
resources to purchase fresh fruits
and vegetables.
• Some women will not be
interested in gardening.
External factors:
• Lack of
time/money/transportation
among participants.
• WIC lacks the funds to
provide women with fresh
fruits and vegetables.

E-4. Intervention Scoring Guide
Intervention Scoring Guide
Group: WIC, MPFS and Community Gardens
Interventions:
1. YOU Tube 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Video
2. POWERPOINT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3. PRESS RELEASE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4. Community and Container 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gardening Posters
5. Community and Container 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Gardening Flyer
_____ / 50 points Overall Quality
_____ / 10 points Contribution to Agency
_____ / 60 points total

E-4-2. Community/Container Garden Flyer
WIC and Marion Polk County Food Share Gardening Flyer
A community garden is a single piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people.
A container gardening is the practice of growing plants exclusively in containers instead of planting them in the ground. Pots, traditionally
made of terracotta but now more commonly plastic, and window boxes have been the most commonly seen.
Salem/Keizer Community Garden Locations and Contact information Why participate in Community Gardening?
1. Sunnyside Garden Corner of Sunnyside & Valleywood Dr. S It’s easy, more fruits and vegetables in diet, improves quality
Dina Devoe (503)378-1847 of life of the participants in gardening. reduces family food
2. Center Street Garden 3180 Center Street NE (behind Marion Co. Health Bldg) budgets, and creates opportunity for recreation, exercise,
Jordan Blake (503)789-0457 therapy, and education.
3. Orchard Heights Park Garden Orchard Heights Rd. SW
Heather Burns (503)508-2067 Why participate in Container Gardening?
4. Hammond Garden 4900 Bayne St. NE
Jordan Blake (503)798-0457 It’s easy for people: disabled with a need for easy accessibility,
5. Salem First Free Methodist Garden 4455 Silverton Rd. NE gardeners with problem soil, homeowners with little or no land
Carrie Maheu (503)581-3083 elderly with limited mobility, apartment/condominium
dwellers,
6. Saint Timothy's Garden 3295 Ladd Ave. NE and plant lovers who just can't get enough of nature. It is
Pamala Lyons-Nelson (503)362-4905 convenient, economical, a time saver, and can be very
rewarding.
7 .McKay Garden 2440 Lancaster Dr. NE
Amy Goulter-Allen (503)375-7807
Get out and participate in one of the two ways of gardening and have fun!!!!
For more information check out
http://www.marionpolkfoodshare.org
Or contact Jordan Blake at
(503) 798-0457

E-4-3. YouTube Video

E-4-4. IRB Application
General Information
Principal Investigator(s): #1 Dr. Daniel Lopez-Cevallos
#2
#3
Department: Health and Physical Education
Status: Faculty
Contact Phone Number: 503 838-8021
Contact Email Address: lopezced@wou.edu
Mail Correspondence To: 345 N. Monmouth Ave.
Monmouth
OR 97361
Project Title: WIC and Community Gardens
INVESTIGATOR PREDICTION OF TYPE OF REVIEW:
EXEMPT
EXPEDITED
FULL BOARD
Estimated data collection completion
date:
December 05, 2009
Is there, or will there, be extramural funding that directly supports this research? N
If yes, funding agency(s): N/A
PI(s) on grant: N/A

Renewal Date: December 05, 2009
PURPOSE:
The purpose of this survey is to determine what knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs the participants of the WIC program of Marion
County have of community and container gardening. As Western Oregon University students the group will gain insight into the
operations and needs of the community partner organizations. The purpose of this consent form is to give the participant the
information they will need to help them decide whether to be involved in the study or not. The participants may ask any questions
about the research, what they will be asked to do, the possible risks and benefits, their rights as a volunteer, and anything else about
the research or this form that is not clear. When all of the participants' questions have been answered, they can decide to be in this
study or not. This process is called “informed consent.” The participants will be given a copy of the informed consent form for their
records.
DESIGN:
The following procedures are involved in this study: 1) The survey will take approximately 15 minutes. The Western Oregon
University student will explain the purpose of the survey. 2) The Western Oregon University students will then provide the participant
a written survey to be completed. The participant may answer as many or as few questions as they wish. 3) Upon completion of the
survey, the Western Oregon University students will be available to help clarify any questions the participants have about the survey
and the survey will be turned into a box and handled by Dale Erickson. 4) Upon completion of the survey, responses will be analyzed
by the Western Oregon Students. No names will be written. 5) Survey findings will appear in the final proposal.
Data Collection
A. Check the method(s) to be used:
Survey, administered by:
Investigator
Subject
Mail
Phone
Interview:
One-on-One
Focus Group
Oral History
Other

In Person
Note: If you are using a survey or doing interviews, submit a copy of the
survey items/interview questions.
Observation of Public Behavior:
In Classroom
At Public Meetings
Other
Examination of Archived Data or Records:
Academic
Medical
Legal
Other
Taste/Sensory Evaluation:
Food Tasting
Olfactory
Auditory
Visual
Examination of Tissue Specimens
Therapeutic:
Biomedical
Psychological
Physical Therapy
Experimental:
Biomedical
Psychological
Other
If other, briefly describe:
B. Data:

Anonymous
Confidential
Intentionally identified
If participants will be identified, describe how permission to use data in connection with participants' identities are obtained. If
anonymous or confidential, describe how anonymity or confidentiality will be maintained (e.g., coded to a master list and separa
from data, locked cabinet, office, restricted computer, etc.). Who will have access to the data?
No names will be taken on the survey.
C. Will any of the following be taken:
Video Tapes
Audio Tapes
Photographs
If checked, where will tapes or photographs be stored? When will this material be destroyed (e.g., within 5 years of a publishe
paper)? How will confidentiality be maintained?
N/A
D.
Description of the Population
A. Approximate number: 50 Age Range: 18-38
B. How will participants be selected or recruited?

The participants will be selected by coincidence from the women who attend the monthly WIC-O-RAMA's.
C. Will participants be compensated (include extra credit)? Yes No
If yes, how much, when and how. Must they complete the project to be paid?
N/A
D. What form of consent will be obtained? In most situations a written informed consent is required. (See Frequently Asked
Questions about the Consent process.)
o Implied (please attach cover letter or describe terms)
o Verbal (please attach consent script)
o Written (please attach consent form)
o Seeking Waiver of Consent (contact the IRB for further information)
o Consent Not Applicable (e.g., archived data; on a separate page explain why not)
E. Are any participants not legally competent (minor and/or under care of guardian) to give consent?
Yes No
If yes, please describe how consent will be obtained. Please note a parent or guardian needs to sign and return an informed
consent form for participants who are under 18 years of age. In addition, it is reccommended that consent is obtained from the
minor.
N/A

F. Will any ethnic group or gender be excluded from the study pool?
Yes No
If yes, please justify the exclusion.
N/A
G. Is this study by design likely to involve any participants who are not native users of English?
Yes No
If yes, please submit both the English and translated versions of consent forms and surveys, if applicable.
H. Does this study involve participants located outside of the United States?
Yes No
If yes, on an attached page, please explain exactly "who the participants are," and the identities (if possible) and
responsibilities of any additional investigators.
Deception
If any deception is required for the validity of this activity, explain why this is necessary. Please include a description of when and
how participants will be debriefed regarding the deception.
N/A
Risks & Benefits
1. Describe any potential risks to the participants, and describe how you will minimize these risks. These include stress,
discomfort, social risks (e.g., embarrassment), legal risks, invasion of privacy, and side effects.

There is a small chance participants in this study the participants may feel uncomfortable or stressed.
2. In the event that any of these potential risks occur, how will it be handled (e.g., compensation, counseling, etc.)?
In the event that the participants experience discomfort, they may stop participating and/or talk with their Western Oregon
University representative about their reactions and, if needed, they will provide information and referrals to local social
service agencies that could assist the participants.
3. Will this study interfere with any participants? normal routine (e.g., prevent them from going to class and/or work)?
Yes No
If Yes, explain.
N/A
4. Describe the expected benefits to the individual participants and to other members of society.
N/A
5. If blood or other biological specimens will be taken please address the following.
o Brief Description of Sampled Tissue(s):
N/A
o Describe the personnel involved and procedure(s) for obtaining the specimen(s). Note that the IRB requires that only
trained certified or licensed persons may draw blood. Contact the IRB for more details on this topic.

N/A
o
Drugs & Alcohol
Attach additional pages as necessary.
1. Will any investigational new drug (IND) be used? No
2. Will any other drugs be used? Yes No
3. Will alcohol be ingested by the participants? Yes No
Investigator's Assurances
This investigation involves the use of human participants. I understand the university's policy concerning research involving human
participants and I agree:
1. To obtain voluntary and informed consent of persons who will participate in this study, as required by the IRB.
2. To report to the IRB any adverse effects on participants which become apparent during the course of, or as a result of, the
activities of the investigators.
3. To cooperate with members of the IRB charged with review of this project, and to give progress reports as required by the
IRB.
4. To obtain prior approval from the IRB before amending or altering the project or before implementing changes in the approved
consent form (i.e., changes that would alter what is required of the participant).
5. To maintain documentation of IRB approval, consent forms and/or procedures together with the data for at least three years
after the project has been completed or paper has been published--whichever is later.
6. To treat participants in the manner specified on this form.

Principal Investigator(s): The information provided in this form is accurate and the project will be conducted in accordance with the above a
Signature _______________________________ Print Name Dr. Daniel Lopez-Cevallos Date November 10, 2009
Signature _______________________________ Print Name Date November 10, 2009
Signature _______________________________ Print Name Date November 10, 2009
Faculty Sponsor: (If P.I. is a student.) The information provided in this form is accurate and the project will be conducted in accordance with
Signature _______________________________ Print Name Dr. Daniel Lopez-Cevallos Date November 10, 2009
When Section 1 is filled out and fully signed, review the Packet Checklist (Page 1) to complete the packet for review and submission.
Institutional Review Board: These assurances are acceptable and this project has adequate protections for participants. This project has been
and is in compliance with federal, state, and university regulations.
Signature _______________________________ Print Name _____________________________ Date __________
IRB ONLY: This protocol has been given- Exempt ___ Expedited ___ Full Board ___ status

E-4-5. Press Release
Western Oregon University
Dale Erickson-Health and Services
Building
3180 Center St NE Suite. 2360
Salem, OR 97301-4592
Jordan Blake- 1660 Salem Industrial
Dr. NE
Salem, OR 97301
PressRelease
Western Oregon University students want to help the participants in the WIC
program receive more fruits and vegetables and the best way to accomplish this is
community and container gardens.
Monmouth Oregon, December, 2009- Western Oregon University students working in
conjunction with Marion/Polk Food Share (MPFS) and Marion County Women, Infants,
and Children (WIC) are making fruits and vegetables a priority of WIC participants.
Through educational posters, brochures and classes, these groups are working together to
help WIC participants see the benefits of fruits and vegetables and how easy it is to grow
your own or participate in one of the many community gardens . The goal of the WIC and
Community Gardening Partnership is to increase the use of container and community
gardening.
On November 19th
students from Western Oregon University attended the monthly WIC-
O-RAMA at the Marion county health department. The group conducted a survey on
community and container gardening. The survey included what the women know about
gardening, how interested they were in gardening, and what the program could do to
facilitate them to garden. Most of the women in the program were very happy to fill out
of the survey and the information gained will help the next group into reaching the goals
of the partnership. The information will also help Western Oregon University students
better serve the participants of the WIC program.
Please join the students of Western Oregon University on December 30, 2009 for the next
monthly WIC-O-RAMA. You can make a difference by answering questions or handing
out flyers on community and container gardening. The participants of WIC would
appreciate your support.
To learn more about WIC and Community Gardening Partnership and how you can get
involved and make a difference in the community and the lives of the participants of WIC
please contact:
Dale Erickson from the WIC program at (503) 361-2606 or by email
derickson@co.marion.or.us. Jordan Blake of Marion/Polk Food Share at (503)581-3855 or
by email jblake@marionpolkfoodshare.org
Dr. Daniel Lopez-Cevallos, PhD, MPH at (503)-838-8021 or by email
lopezced@wou.edu

E-5. Timeline
WIC and Community Gardens On-going October November December
Activities/Tasks
Form Group 10/01
Find Two Research Articles 10/05
Create Rationale 10/07
Write Service/Knowledge Gap 10/12
Develop Goals and Objectives 10/14
Write Proposed Interventions 10/19 11/25
Meet with Community Partner * 10/21 11/12,
11/18
12/2
Write Demographics 10/21
Formulate Logic Model with Narrative 10/26
Develop Assessment Tool: Survey 10/28
Attend Monthly WIC-O-RAMA 10/29 11/19
IRB Packet Due 11/4
Determine Strengths and Limitations 11/9
Turn in Individual Proposal * 11/11
Create Informational Flyer 11/19
Present Posters at second WIC-O-RAMA 11/19
Distribute Assessment Tool at second
WIC-O-RAMA
11/19
Distribute Informational Flyer and to
MPFS and Marion County WIC
12/02
Create Website * 12/02
Film YouTube Video * 12/02
Press Release 12/02
Create PowerPoint Presentation * 12/02
Turn in Final Proposal * 12/02
Peer Review 12/02

E-6. Group Information
Community Partner:
Dale Erickson derickson@co.marion.or.us 503-361-2606
Jordan Blake jblake@foodbanksalem.org 503-581-3855
x 329
Student Leader:
Katrina Griffith kgriffith05@wou.edu
Group Members:
Heather Vallee hvallee05@wou.edu 503-559-5439
Braxton Jackson wjacksonii06@wou.edu 541-921-5319
Kristen Nyberg knyberg05@wou.edu 971-322-6748
E-7. Recommendations for the next group
1. Formulate a curriculum about container and/or community gardening that can be
taught during the monthly nutrition classes. The curriculum should include a
demonstration of container gardening. If the participants could plant seedlings
during the class, they would be encouraged even more to start a garden at home.
Having a curriculum would also teach the women that gardening can be easy and
is a great way to get fresh fruits and vegetables.
2. Have a Spanish interpreter whenever possible so that the Spanish speaking
participants would have someone that they could relate to. Having an interpreter
would also increase participation because then if the participants do not speak
English, the information could be translated to Spanish. If an interpreter is
present then any questions the participants may have can be answered.
3. Start a fundraiser where the funds will be put toward various aspects of gardening
such as plot fee’s for the participants (to start a community garden), seeds and
other supplies for a demonstration, or starter baskets with gardening tools.

4. Create a more advanced flyer about container and community gardening in close
collaboration with Jordan Blake. Collaborating with Jordan will allow the group
to make a flyer in a format that goes along with what the Marion-Polk Food Share
already uses. That way, Jordan will be able to use the flyer even after the group
has finished the term.
E-8. Writing Center Slips

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