3. Recap of the stages of
learning.
What are the three stages of
learning?
Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous
Identify the key features to each
stage.
5. Visual guidance.
What forms of visual guidance might
be used in the process of learning?
Demonstrations
Video/film/TV/slow motion.
Poster/slides
Modify the display (e.g. target areas
on a badminton court for the over-
head clear)
6. A Chest Pass
Demonstrating the
chest pass to
beginners is
important
7. Visual Guidance
Used at all stages of learning, which
phase of learning would it be especially
good?
Cognitive Phase – Why?
8. At what stage of learning would
you use Visual Guidance?
Usually the dominant sense, it helps form a
mental pic of what to learn
Important that correct demo’s are used, why?
Key aspects of the skill must be emphasised.
(selective attention)
Demo’s can be combined with verbal guidance
9. Other Visual Guidance
Wall Charts
Pictures
Diagrams
These are all useful for highlighting technical
points particularly for what skills?
Complex skills
All not as good as dynamic visual aids
Modifying a display – marking out an area in a
badminton court to serve to on a clipboard
10. Visual Guidance
Modifying a court on a clipboard, will
reduce overload of information
Bright coloured equipment can help
beginners focus on what’s important
11. Where else is visual
learning used?
Modern day teams/ind now use
video analysis.
Why?
See where they can improve, and
set targets for themselves
See a mental picture of what they
should do
12. Drawbacks to Visual
guidance
Demo’s must be accurate (asking for
someone else to demo)
Complex skills may contain too
much info to demo
Static visual aids may not give
enough info + may not keep
learners attention
14. What was important when you
received the verbal guidance?
It is important that verbal guidance is:
Clear/precise
Relatively short
Appropriate to the level of performer
Not over used
16. Drawbacks to Verbal
guidance
Teacher/Coach must be able to get the
info across – learners must be able to
relate info to the skill
Amount of info must be limited
Complex skills may be difficult to explain
– learner can become bored
17. Manual Guidance
Involves holding or physically manipulating the
body
E.G. guiding the learner through a swimming
stroke or handstand
Useful in potentially dangerous situations.
18. Mechanical guidance.
Mechanical is similar to manual, but using
equipment instead of your body E.G. float in
swimming
E.g. using a float in swimming, or a harness in
trampolining
Learner can experience the spatial and timing of
the movement (kinaesthetic sense of part of the
movement)
Can improve confidence of beginners
Manual and mechanical guidance are useful in
the cognitive phase of learning
19. Mechanical Guidance
This guidance is useful during early
stages of learning
Good to keep learner safe during
dangerous activities
Important to take this guidance
away ASAP.
20. Drawbacks to
mechanical/manual guidance
Feel of movement is not the same
as doing it yourself
Limited to early learners
Eliminates mistakes, so no
correction is done
Difficult with a large group
21. Task
Connect the guidance types to the
best learning phase; explain why
you’ve chosen these.
Complete Advantages and
Disadvantages sheet