1. Exam Technique
•Read the question through twice before
answering
•IDENTIFY, DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN
•Underline what it is asking you
•Look at how many marks it is worth – that is
how many unique points you need to make.
•Check how many themes there are in the
question, have you covered them all?

2. Linked Questions – worth more.Some questions can follow on and relate to
what you have just answered
TIP – read and re read whether they want a
Game or individual sport.
Pick one you are confident with and practised
on.
EG. Netball
Comp of fitness – Agility, speed, coordination
& endurance.
Testing – Ilinois Agility Test, 20 metre
sprint test.
Method of training - Circuit

3. Skeletal System
Functions
Shape, Support, Movement, Protection & Blood Production
Types of Synovial joint
Ball and Socket - HIP, Hinge - KNEE, Gliding - WRIST, Pivot - NECK &
Condyloid - THUMB
Movement
Adduction, Abduction, Flexion, Extension, Rotation and circumduction
Muscular System
Muscles only PULL! Tendons of Insertion, Origin
Work in antagonistic pairs
Agonist, antagonist and synergist, Prime mover
Fast Twitch – contract faster short duration - powerful activities
Slow twitch contract slower last longer - Endurance events
Tendon – Muscle to bone,
Ligament – bone to bone (BLMT)
Contraction – Isometric remains same length, Isotonic shortens

4. Circulatory and respiratory system
Circ = Heart/Blood/Blood vessels = Transportation, Regulation, Protection
Resp = Mechanics of breathing + Cell respiration
BE VERY CAREFULL ABOUT WHAT YOU CAN WRITE ABOUT!!
Anaerobic system, short duration, produces lactic acid, oxygen debt.
Aerobic system, with oxygen , longer duration, endurance
Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Beats per Minute
recovery rate, DELAYING OXYGEN DEBT, efficiency!
Benefits of exercise on the TWO systems
short term = immediate = breathing rate, heart rate, cardiac output, blood
pressure
Long term = lots of training = improved efficiency = more blood vessels,
increased surface area for gaseous exchange, lower resting heart rate,
increased stroke volume leading to greater cardiac output exercise for
longer at higher intensity.

5. Skill and Feedback
Feedback – Intrinsic AND extrinsic (KP and KR)
Skill – Open changing environment, Closed environment same
Basic abilities Agility, Balance, Co-ordination, Flexibility, Speed, Reaction time
Novice and Expert – Consistency, Time, Energy and Adaptable
Learnt and refined – Practice, Copying, Trial and Error & Role
models
Information processing model
Input ---- Decision Making ---- Output
Feedback
Motivation and Mental Preparation
Relaxation, Mental rehearsal and focusing
Arousal - Intrinsic - within self – enjoyment, personal goals
Extrinsic motivation – external – Rewards, certificates, trophies
and fame
Goal setting – SMARTER – controls anxiety and motivates

6. Social Reasons for Participation
Increase in leisure time – Shorter working week,
Technology, early retirement and unemployment
Why participate – health, Leisure and Vocation
School – National Curriculum, Exam courses, extra curricular and
club links
Social Background – Positive and negative – age, gender,
access, education, family, peer group, environment/climate,
disability, media, sponsorship, politics & tradition/culture
Local and National Facilities
local authority provision CENTRAL PARK, private enterprise -
(MONEY) CANONS, DEVONSHIRE, voluntary organisation,
national authorities
National Centres of excellence – Provide TOP CLASS
facilities/coaching

7. Components of fitness Assessing fitness
cardiovascular endurance multi-stage fitness test / 12 minute run
muscular endurance press up and sit up test
Speed sprint tests- 30m/60m and 30m Flying
Strength Standing broad jump
Flexibility sit and reach test
skill related fitness (agility – Illinois agility test, balance – Stork
stand, co-ordination, speed of reaction, timing)
Factors affecting fitness
Diet
Physical differences (somatotypes)
Age, gender, disability
Lifestyle influences
Drugs

8. Fitness training principles
PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING:
When designing a training program consider these:
specificity, progression, peaking, overload - FITT principle,
reversibility, and tedium.
Training methods E.G. Circuit
Overload – Time at each station/ no
circuit training of reps/repeat circuit/
Plyometrics use heavier weights
continuous training Specific – To the sport/ component
fartlek training of fitness. Endurance -
flexibility training running station, football -
interval training ball control station
weight training Progressive – Over a period
of time so start easy and
increase the difficulty.

9. Hazard, Risk and injury
Prevention of injury
Clothing, protective equipment, rules, how to carry equipment,
technique, appropriate level of competition, warm up and cool down
Good hygiene
Change clothes, wash! = prevent body odour, athletes foot and
verrucae
Injury Treatment
Signs and Symptoms – Winding, cuts, blisters, muscles, tendon and
ligament, RICE, dehydration, exhaustion and concussion. Where do
they occur.

10. SOME OTHER FACTS FOR YOU
A) THIS INFORMATION IS IN YOUR HEAD
B) THERE ARE NO TRICK QUESTIONS
C) YOU ARE ALL A* STUDENTS AS FAR AS THIS
EXAM IS CONCERNED
D) AND YES I DO BELIEVE THAT
E) YOU NOW NEED TO DO THE SAME
NOW GO FORTH AND PROVE ME RIGHT