The document provides a historical overview of databases from the 1950s to present. It describes the earliest databases that were directly linked to applications in memory, then the development of network, hierarchical and relational database models. It discusses Edgar Codd's influential paper on relational database theory in 1970 and the emergence of relational database management systems. The summary traces key events like the rise of SQL and impact of the personal computer and internet on databases.

1. Postgresql East 2010 Philadephia, PA Databases – A Historical Perspective

2. WHO AM I? Brent Friedman Senior Solutions Consultant Cincom Systems, Inc [email_address] Databases – A Historical Perspective

3. What is a database? Databases – A Historical Perspective

4. The earliest computers weren’t sufficiently complex to entertain the idea of a free-standing database. Data was directly linked with the application in memory at the time. TIMELINE: 1950s Databases – A Historical Perspective

5. DATABASE – NETWORK MODEL CODASYL References to data are through low-level pointers. Adding or changing a database required considerable reworking of the storage mechanism. TIMELINE: 1960s Databases – A Historical Perspective

6. DATABASE – HIERARCHICAL MODEL IBM’s IMS These databases allow only 1:1 or 1:many relationships. Such databases can be incredibly fast, but are not well suited to hold disparate types of information. TIMELINE: 1960s Databases – A Historical Perspective

7. Name a hierarchical database system that is still in everyday use around the world. Hint: What contact information about people do YOU store right now? DATABASE TRIVIA Databases – A Historical Perspective

8. Around 1964, the term "data base" was "coined by workers in military information systems to denote collections of data shared by end-users of time sharing computer systems." In earlier days, each application had its own "master files" of data, so the concept of a data collection that could be shared by multiple applications was a new idea in efficiency. http://www.snee.com/bobdc.blog/2005/12/25-years-of-database-history-s-1.html Databases – A Historical Perspective

9. TIMELINE: 1964 Databases – A Historical Perspective http://www.computersciencelab.com/ComputerHistory/HistoryPt4.htm

10. TIMELINE: 1967 Databases – A Historical Perspective The term “memory bank” enters, and soon (thankfully) leaves, the English language.

11. 1969… Was not just about the counter-culture. But things were about to happen… Databases – A Historical Perspective

12. TIMELINE: 1970 Edgar F. Codd, commonly cited as E. F. Codd, published a paper on something he called “Relational Database Theory” Databases – A Historical Perspective http://www.ibiblio.org/jelkner/IntroToIT/database_lesson.html

13. Codd, continued Codd’s revolutionary idea did not focus on the relational algebra, but rather on how the data should be addressed. His theory separated the schema from the storage mechanism. Databases – A Historical Perspective

14. RDBMS – What’s that? A relational database management system is ultimately based on E. F. Codd’s theories. Databases – A Historical Perspective

15. TIMELINE – 1970s RDBMS – Path 1 The Ingres Group: Ingres; Sybase; MS Sql Server; and something called Postgres… These used the QUEL language Databases – A Historical Perspective

16. TIMELINE – 1970s RDBMS – Path 2 The (IBM) System R Group: DB2; Oracle; Nonstop SQL These used the SQL language Databases – A Historical Perspective

17. TIMELINE - 1976 Peter Chen proposed the Entity-Relationship diagram (ERD), which is still sometimes called a “Chen diagram” Databases – A Historical Perspective

18. ERD – Chen Diagram http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity-relationship_model Databases – A Historical Perspective

19. ERDs and so on There are a multitude of design practices, modelling tools, and even variations on how to diagram relational data. Databases – A Historical Perspective

20. To avoid tomato throwing, insinuations about lineage, and general bodily harm, we will avoid a direct discussion of specific schools of thought in the area of relational data representation. Databases – A Historical Perspective

21. If you really need a hint… Database Design Studio Lite or Pro versions www.chillisource.com Databases – A Historical Perspective http://www.thespeciousreport.com/2006/06060222comedy.html database design tool

22. TIMELINE – 1980s The QUEL branch of RDBMS suffers a horrible boating accident, and is not heard from again. Databases – A Historical Perspective

23. TIMELINE – 1980s SQL Structured Query Language becomes the de facto standard among all relational database products. Databases – A Historical Perspective

24. SQL – The Real Image Databases – A Historical Perspective

25. TIMELINE – mid 1980s The rise of the personal computer (PC) issues in a host of new ‘personal’ relational databases: Paradox; Dbase III; RBASE; etc. Databases – A Historical Perspective

26. TIMELINE – early 1990s The trend toward 4GL (4 th generation languages) leads to visual front-ends for personal databases: Powerbuilder; Oracle Developer; and even early MS VB Databases – A Historical Perspective

27. TIMELINE - 1990 Some geek named Tim Berners-Lee, or “Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA” for all you Brits, proposed mating hypertext with the early Internet. Databases – A Historical Perspective

28. TIMELINE – mid 1990s This “World Wide Web” thing really catches on, once Al Gore let everybody know they could do something with their dial-up modems besides playing DECWar at the local university. Databases – A Historical Perspective

29. TIMELINE – late 1990s Relational databases become so ubiquitous that even your mother knows what “DBA” means. Databases – A Historical Perspective

30. TIMELINE – 1995ish Graduate students Andrew Yu and Jolly Chen revise Postgres’s query language, POSTQUEL, to use SQL, and call it Postgres95… http://www.postgresql.org/about/history Databases – A Historical Perspective

31. TIMELINE – 2000s Object databases, although they have been around for a while, start to get noticed by non-geeks. Databases – A Historical Perspective

32. The role of object databases in “SKYNET” has not yet been determined… Databases – A Historical Perspective

33. TIMELINE – 2005 Columnar databases find a growing audience in the “need for speed” crowd. While probably still a niche segment, products such as Monet are increasing in popularity. Databases – A Historical Perspective

34. TIMELINE -2008 Sun Microsystems acquires MySQL Databases – A Historical Perspective

35. TIMELINE – 2009 The rise of distributed systems inspires the NoSQL movement – rejection of traditional RDBMS systems for distributed data structures, such as Apache Hadoop Databases – A Historical Perspective

36. TIMELINE – 2010 Will cloud computing gain ground on traditional IT infrastructure models? Databases – A Historical Perspective

37. Questions? Comments? Databases – A Historical Perspective

38. END OF PART ONE Databases – A Historical Perspective