Verb to be Verb to do Verb to have Can, Could May, Might Will, Would Shall, Should Must Need Dare Ought Used to

1. Helping Verbs / Modal Verbs
verb F ก F (Auxiliary Verbs/Modal Verbs/helping Verbs) F ก
ก F ˈ ก verb F
ก F F F ก F Tense ก F Fก F F
ˈ ก F F F
is F ˈ , F, He is an engineer. ( ˈ ก )
is F She is cooking. ( F ก )
ก F 24
Verb to be is, am, are, was, were F ก Continuous tense Passive Voice
Verb to do do, does, did . F F F / Simple Tense
Verb to have have, has, had F ก Perfect Tense
ก F ก F ก F F
will would /shall should / can could /may might
, / must F
ก F Fก to ก F ก F F
ought to / used to / need to ˈ F / dare to ก F

2. ก F F ก 24
F
1. is is not isn't
2. am am not -
3. are are not aren't
4. was was not wasn't
5. were were not weren't
6. Do do not don't
7. does does not doesn't
8. did did not didn't
9. has has not hasn't
10. have have not haven't
11. had had not hadn't
12. can can not can't
13. could could not couldn't
14. may may not mayn't
15. might might not mightn't
16. will will not won't
17. would would not wouldn't
18. shall shall not shan't
19. should should not shouldn't
20. must must not mustn't
21. need need not needn't
22. dare dare not daren't
23. ought ought not oughtn't
24. used to used not to usedn't to

3. verb to be F กF F is, am, are, was, were F " ˈ , F, "
be ˈ ก F ˈ is,am,are ˈ F was were
ˈ F been
Fก Present tense ( ˆ ก )
1. is Fก ก F
2. am Fก F I
3. are Fก F
Fก Past tense ( ก )
1. was Fก ก F
2. were Fก F
F Verb to be F F F ก F F
1.1 F F ก ing F ˈ Continuous Tense F ก
ก F
We are learning English. ( ก ก )
1.2 F F ก F 3 ( ก ก ) F ˈ ก ก (Passive
Voice) F ก F
John was punished by the teacher yesterday. ( F ก )
1.3 F F ก (Infinitive) F , F F
F ก , ก , ก ก , , F ˈ F F
He is to stay here till I come back. ( F F ก F ก )
1.4 , , F F Adjective ( F) F F Be F
F
Be quite. The baby is sleeping. ( F กก ก F)

4. 1.5 F F about to + Verb F 1 F ก ก F
ก ก F F
They are about to start their jouney this week. ( ก ก ก ก F )
1.6 F F ˈ ก ก (Principal Verb) Fก F
Verb F F Fก Verb to be F
Jean is always a good girl. ( ˈ ก )
Verb to do F กF F do, does, did
Fก Present tense ( ˆ ก )
1. does Fก ก F
2. do Fก F
Fก Past tense ( ก )
1. did F F ก F F
Fก present Simple past Simple F ก ก ก F ˈ
Present Simple
- She goes to school by bus.
- She doesn't go to school by bus.
- Does she go to school by bus?
Past Simple
- Dum went to the post office yesterday.
- Dum didn't go to the post office yesterday.
- Did Dum go to the post office yesterday?
Note: Verb to do F F ก F ˈ V1

5. Verb to have F กF F has, have, had
has Fก ก F
have Fก F
had F F ก F F past
1. Fก Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect tense F
Frank has seen the rainbow.
Frank hasn't seen the rainbow.
Has Frank seen the rainbow?
They have watched the movie.
They haven't watched the movie.
Have they watched the movie?
2. Verb to have ˈ ก F F " " " " F
I have a new dress.
I have lunch early every day.
F ก ˈ F Verb to do F F
We don't have a new home.
Do we have a new home?
can could F " "
1. Fก F F F F
I can play the piano.
I can speak French.
F can F F
She can't drive.
Can you drive?

6. 2. F can ก infinitive participles F ˈ F F
Are you be able to go home late?
She will be able to drive soon.
3. could ˈ past can F could ก F
She could speak three languages when she was five.
He finished his home work. He could go out to play.
4. F can could
4.1 ก (ability)
I can use a computer.
4.2 ก ก F
Can I use your bicycle?
You can leave early today.
F F ˈ ˈ ก F Could F
Could you hand me that book, please?
4.3 ก F (requests)
Can you ..?
Could you ...? ก F
Do you think you could...?
Can you take this bag?
Could you loan a hundred baht?
Do you think you could help me move this box?
4.4 F (offers) F
Can I turn the air on for you?

7. 4.5 ˈ F ก (possibility and probability) F
can ก ก F ก F ˈ F F
This road can be dangerous at night.
may might
1. Fก ก ก ก ˈ ก F
We may take a day off next week.
He might call me tonight.
2. might F F ˈ past may F might ก F ก F may F
I may go to visit my parents in this weekend. ( ก ˈ 50%)
Jane might go with me. ( ก ˈ 30% )
3.ก F may/might ก have F ก ก
may/might + have +V3
She may have gone out when I phoned her.
A: I can't find my book.
B: You might have left it at school.
4. F may might ก F
May I sit here?
I wonder if I might have another cup of coffee?
5. F may ก F F
Children may not play alone in the pool.
A: May I turn the TV on?
B: Yes, of course you may.

8. will would
will
1. F
I will go to school early tomorrow.
2. F will ก F F F
Will you open the door for me please?
would ˈ F will
1. F F ก F will
Would you turn the volume down please?
2. Fก Would you mind if....
Would you mind if I smoke?
3. F would ก rather F .... ก F F 'd rather F ก ก F
F
I'd rather study harder this year than go to summer school.
4. F would ก like to ˈ ก F
Would you like to go dancing with me?
shall should
shall
1. F ก (Future tense) ก F shall Fก I We
2. F ก F F F
Shall I...?
Shall we ...?
Shall I carry your books?
Shall we go shopping?

9. Should
1. F ก ก F ก F ก F
People should be careful about food.
She shouldn't act like that in public.
2. F Should I....? ก ก F F
Should I go out with him ?
Should I help you clean up this area?
3. F ก F F " " F
You work all day. You should take a rest.
4. F should have +V3 F ก ก F Fก F F ก ก
F F ก F
They should have arrived here by now.
I should have written a note for him
5. Fก if clause F
If I had a lot of money, I would be happy.
must
F " F " F ก F 1 กก F
1. F ˈ F ก
You must hand your homework in tomorrow.
2. F ก F ก ก ก F
He really must stop drinking.
You must sit there for two hours.
You mustn't talk in the classroom.
3. F have to must F

10. ก F F ก F must have to
must ˈ ก ˈ ก ก ก ˆ
have to ˈ ก ก F ก ก ˈ
F ก F
I must go home now. It's going to rain soon.
You must stop smoking.
I have to stop smoking because I'm sick.
mustn't F ก F F
haven"t got to, don't have to F F F
You mustn't tell Dang. F (Don't tell Dang.)
You don't have to tell your wife. F
(You can if you like, but it is not necessary.)
4. F must F F
The boy keeps crying. He must be really sick.
need ˈ F ก F ก F
1. F ˈ ก F need + to +V1
He needs to clean his car.
You need to water the flowers.
F F ก ˈ F Verb to do F
You don't need to help him.
Do we need to reserve the room?
2. F ˈ ก F F F F F F F F ก F
needn't F
You needn't explain. I understand.

11. 3. ก F needn't + have +V3 ก ก F ˈ F F F ˈ
ก F
Your mother needn't have cooked for us. We ate out.
dare F "ก F " ˈ F ก F ก F
1. ˈ ก F dare + to +V1 F ก ˈ F
Verb to do F F
She dare to say what is right.
I doesn't dare to tell him the truth.
2. ˈ ก F F F ˈ ก F F F daren't ก Fก F
F
I daren't look.
I daren't touch it.
ought F " " กก F
1. F ought F to F ก Fก F
ก F ก F Should F
I really ought to teach her English.
People ought not to cross the road over there.
2. F ought to+ have +V3 F F F
You ought to have phoned him yesterday.
used to F " "
ˆ F F used to ก F F F ˈ ก F
ˈ ˆ F F F
I used to eat a lot.
She used to be shy.

12. ˈ Verb to do F F
Verb to do F use F ˈ ก F 1
Did you use to have a dog?
I didn't use to watch the news. ( ˈ F never used to )
I never used to watch the news.
(be) used to +noun / ing F " "
I am used to driving at night.
She is used to the cold weather.
ก F Helping Verbs / Modal Verbs
type of
Helping Verb
Present simple Past Simple
Subj :Singular Subj : Plural Subj :Singular Subj : Plural
Action verb V.1+s V1 V.ed /V2. V.ed /V2.
V.to be is, am(I) are was were
V.to do does do did did
V.to have has have had had

13. Subject : Plural You They We I
Tense
Present Simple eat eat eat eat
Past Simple ate ate ate ate
Future Simple will eat will eat shall eat shall eat
Present
Continuous
are eating are eating are eating are eating
Past Continuous were eating were eating were eating was eating
Present Perfect have eaten have eaten have eaten have eaten
Past Perfect had eaten had eaten had eaten had eaten
Subject : Singular He She It
Tense
Present Simple eats eats eats
Past Simple ate ate ate
Future Simple will eat will eat will eat
Present
Continuous
is eating is eating is eating
Past Continuous was eating was eating was eating
Present Perfect has eaten has eaten has eaten
Past Perfect had eaten had eaten had eaten