Relevance of the Turkish Democratization
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This document discusses the evolution of Turkish democracy and the potential relevance of the Turkish model for democratization in the Arab world. It outlines Turkey's transition from an authoritarian single-party system under Ataturk to a more democratic multi-party system over subsequent decades. Though Turkey's democracy is still imperfect with issues like human rights abuses and military influence, the rise of the AKP party improved reforms and alignment with Western institutions. However, the document argues Turkey's experience cannot be directly replicated in the Arab world due to different historical, economic, and geopolitical conditions that have consolidated authoritarianism. While Turkey provides an example for Arab liberals, its democratic development was unique to the Turkish context.
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- Turkey's foreign policy was shaped by two main factors: its regional identity due to its geographical location, and its identity as a secular state with a Muslim population.
- After the fall of the Soviet Union, Turkey saw new opportunities and challenges that changed its foreign policy landscape. It strengthened ties with Western countries while also facing challenges related to Kurdish issues.
- Under Turgut Ozal in the 1990s, Turkey entered a new era of close integration with the US as a strategic partner, supporting operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. However, relations entered a period of uncertainty depending on developments in the volatile Middle East region.
Islamophobia
The document expresses Islamophobic views and argues that Islam has no place in Europe or the civilized world. It claims the author is not affiliated with any particular group but just wants to live freely and educate themselves to form personal opinions. The author believes Islam is incompatible with European values and that tolerating it will lead to enslavement or death for European children in the future.
Islamophobia
Islamophobia refers to prejudice against or hatred of Muslims. The document discusses some of the key reasons for and consequences of Islamophobia. The main reasons given are terrorism by some Muslim extremist groups and underlying racism in Western societies. Some politicians exploit fears of terrorism to promote anti-Muslim policies. Media coverage also fuels Islamophobia by disproportionately linking Islam with terrorism. Consequences include stereotyping of Muslims, discrimination, hate crimes against Muslims rising, and policies targeting mosques and Muslim students.
Islamophobia
This slide was created for my graded presentation for Presentation Skills & Critical Thinking course.
What is Islamophobia
A short overview of the concept of Islamophobia, using the Runnymede Trust definition and 5 closed points, together with a brief definition as anti-Muslim prejudice. Also some discussion of how Islamophobia is a form of description that overlaps with (and is a form of) racism. Part of the course on the Challenges of Multiculturalism that I am developing on Udemy.
Turkey presentation
Turkey is located in both Europe and Asia, bordering 8 countries. It has a population of over 75 million people and Turkish is the official language. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk established Turkey as a secular republic after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and implemented significant political, social, and cultural reforms. Turkey has a democratic parliamentary system of government with executive power held by the president and prime minister.
From Rhetoric to Reality: Reframing U.S.-Turkey Policy
This document provides an executive summary of a report on reframing U.S. policy toward Turkey. It finds that Turkey's ability to be a strong partner for the U.S. has diminished as Turkey has pursued a more sectarian and authoritarian foreign policy that has isolated it regionally. Domestically, Turkey faces political unrest, a faltering economy, and a challenge integrating minorities as the government responds with further authoritarianism rather than compromise. The report recommends the U.S. focus more on Turkey's domestic stability, democratic processes, and realistic expectations for the relationship.
Pakistan us relationship
The document summarizes the history and key developments in US-Pakistan relations from 2013 to 2015. It describes how the relationship began in 1949 and strengthened after 2001 due to counterterrorism cooperation. In 2013 and 2014, bilateral trade increased 10% and high-level visits reinforced strategic dialogue on issues like energy, defense, and education. By 2015, the US had committed $5 billion in civilian assistance to Pakistan and worked to increase power supply, revenue collection, and regional trade links through road construction.
Lesson plan Turkish Literature
This lesson plan is for a 10th grade Turkish literature class about poetry. The lesson will focus on koşma, a type of bard-styled folk poetry in Turkey. Students will analyze the structural properties of koşma, categorize different types based on rhyme and content, understand the themes and musical aspects. Teaching methods will include brainstorming, question-answer sessions, and dramatization, using source books, documentary films, and audio of koşma samples. The objectives are for students to understand the evolution of this poetry form and the fundamental principles behind koşma.
Islamophobia (Text Outline)
Islamophobia refers to prejudice against or fear of Muslims. It has increased since the September 11 terrorist attacks when many started associating Muslims with terrorism. Some countries like Bulgaria, Bosnia, China, and Burma have seen violence against Muslim minorities. Western countries like France, Denmark, Germany, and the UK have also experienced Islamophobic incidents like hijab bans, controversial cartoons, and attacks describing Muslims as isolationist. However, countries like Canada that emphasize freedom of religion have communities that are generally more accepting of Islam and willing to defend Muslims against Islamophobia as shown in a social experiment video.
Turkish literature
Turkish literature includes both oral traditions and written works in Turkish. Turkish folk literature has roots in oral Central Asian nomadic traditions but also reflects issues faced by settled peoples. The Turkish epic tradition originated from Central Asian epics like the Book of Dede Korkut, written in Azeri Turkish and telling stories of the Oghuz Turks that carried social and pre-Islamic beliefs. Turkish folk poetry was influenced by Islamic Sufism and Shi'a traditions and usually took the form of song, either secular ozan/asik traditions or religious traditions from Sufi and Shi'a gatherings. Folklore also forms an important part of Turkish literature, with popular figures like Nasreddin Hoca told in
Sample essay on islamophobia
This document discusses Islamophobia, including its definition, causes, manifestations, and effects. It defines Islamophobia as an irrational fear or dislike of Islam and Muslims that can lead to prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination and hatred. The document explores several causes of Islamophobia like ignorance of Islam, negative media portrayals, and actions by anti-Muslim groups. It describes how Islamophobia manifests through discrimination, hate speech, laws targeting Muslims, and general social exclusion. Finally, the document outlines some negative effects of Islamophobia like preventing Muslim participation, social unrest, and potential radicalization. It suggests interventions like anti-discrimination laws, education, awareness campaigns, and the work of NGOs to help
Ottoman report
My source in this report was a video from you tube entitled "Ottoman Empire the war machine". I watched the video and scripted the knowledge that I acquired from the video.
Fdi brazil
This document provides an overview of Brazil, including its general facts, foreign direct investment, and hot topics. Brazil gained independence in 1822 and is located in South America. It has a population of over 193 million people and its capital is Brasilia. Brazil receives large amounts of foreign direct investment as the 5th largest recipient globally and 8th largest economy. However, it also faces challenges like wealth disparity and a complex regulatory environment. Hosting the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics will drive infrastructure improvements and boost Brazil's economy and tourism.
Research paper ISLAMOPHOBIA AND MEDIA STUDIES SINCE 9/11
This document outlines a research paper on the semiotic analysis of a movie to examine the portrayal of Islam and Muslims in Western media. It includes an introduction discussing the role of media in shaping opinions and stereotypes. The objectives are to analyze images and dialogue in the movie to identify any intended impacts and underlying ideologies. The literature review discusses theories like Marxism that view media content as being controlled by economic elites to promote their interests. It also examines the concept of Islamophobia and its roots in history. The research will analyze the movie Argo to study how Western media propagates negative stereotypes about Muslims.
The history of anti - semitism
Geschiedenis: De geschiedenis van het antisemitisme
I use my own material and material from colleagues who have presented their work also on internet.
I claim nothing. This is merely educational fair use.
Educational fair use:
"the fair use of a copyrighted work (...) for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright"
But I claim nothing, All trademarks, works and images used are properties of their respective owners. If I violate any form of copyright please contact me and I will give credit.
Stereotyping, Muslim Stereotyping & Islamophobia by Abid Zafar
This presentation is related to the Stereotyping, Muslim Stereotyping and Islamophobia Factors which are specifically designed for Muslims in the Western Media by the great help of American Right wing Politicians and Think Tanks as well...
Arab spring
I was fascinated by the Arab Spring phenomenon (2011-2014) which reveals how complex the social-political situation in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) had been. Many of my countrymen don't understand the realities there, instead believing conspiracy theories which simplified things to merely "US/Israel/Zionist vs Islam/muslims".
This presentation is my attempt to summarize the history and geopolitical complexities and to debunk some conspiracy theories related to Arab Spring.My sources are multiple articles in CNN, TIME, Al-Jazeera, Al-Monitor, Stratfor, Foreign Policy, among others.
I closed this ever expanding presentation in the beginning of 2014 since it became obvious that the revolution season was over and multiple failures manifested in many countries.
Destacado (20)
From Rhetoric to Reality: Reframing U.S.-Turkey Policy
From Rhetoric to Reality: Reframing U.S.-Turkey Policy
Research paper ISLAMOPHOBIA AND MEDIA STUDIES SINCE 9/11
Research paper ISLAMOPHOBIA AND MEDIA STUDIES SINCE 9/11
Stereotyping, Muslim Stereotyping & Islamophobia by Abid Zafar
Stereotyping, Muslim Stereotyping & Islamophobia by Abid Zafar
Similar a Relevance of the Turkish Democratization
turkey_politics_pptx.pptx
The document summarizes the historical evolution of religion and politics in Turkey, from the decline of the Ottoman Empire to the rise of Muslim democracy under AKP rule. It describes the founding of the secular Turkish Republic under Ataturk and the Kemalist ideology emphasizing modernization, westernization, and a strict separation of religion and politics. It then discusses the growth of Islamic movements in Turkish society and politics in subsequent decades, culminating in the electoral victory and governance of the AKP, the first openly conservative democratic party, beginning in 2002.
IRI Modern Turkey.pptx
The document summarizes the history of modern Turkey following the establishment of the Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. It describes the Anatolian Resistance Movement from 1919-1922 that united diverse groups in fighting occupation and establishing an independent Turkey. After victory, Atatürk consolidated power and pursued radical socio-political reforms including establishing a secular republic and embarking on an ambitious program of westernization, modernization, secularization and turkification known as Kemalism. While reforms transformed Turkey, they faced resistance in more traditional areas and opposition was suppressed. Kemalism had mixed success and enduring legacies include a secular state but also rise of political Islam and tensions over national identity.
Class 9 civics
The document summarizes the expansion of democracy globally over the 20th century based on three stories - the overthrow of Chilean president Salvador Allende's democratically elected government by a military coup in 1973, the rise of the Solidarity movement in communist Poland in the 1980s leading to democratic reforms, and the ongoing democratic struggle in Myanmar. Some key points:
- Democracy has grown significantly but unevenly over the last century, taking hold first in some regions before spreading.
- The stories from Chile and Poland show both the removal of democracy by force as well as democratic transitions from authoritarian rule.
- Myanmar continues to struggle for democracy after the military nullified democratic elections in 1990 and kept
Chapter - 1, Democracy in Contemporary World, Democratic Politics/Civics, Soc...
This document provides an overview of democracy in the contemporary world through several examples. It discusses the origins of democracy in ancient Greece and key events in the development of democracy such as independence movements in Africa and Asia in the 20th century. It also profiles important democratic and authoritarian figures and provides details on challenges to democracy through military coups in countries like Chile and restoration of democracy in Poland.
Strengths And Challenges For The Rojava Revolution
Dr Thomas Jeffrey Miley is a lecturer in political sociology at the University of Cambridge. His research interests include comparative nationalisms, language politics, the politics of migration, religion and politics, regime types, and democratic theory. He reported on a recent visit to the Kurdish region of Syria and gave valuable insights on the politics of the Rojava 'revolution' and and its relationship with Kurdish national struggles in the wider area claimed as Kurdistan.
Class 9 cvics chap 1
The document discusses the expansion of democracy globally over the past century. It provides details on the establishment of democracy in different regions at different times, including early democracies in Europe and the Americas in the late 19th/early 20th century. Decolonization in Asia and Africa in the mid-20th century led to many new democracies, though some later faced military coups. The fall of communism in Eastern Europe and Soviet Union in late 1980s/early 1990s expanded democracy further. However, full democracy has still not been achieved in all countries.
The nuclear age and cold war
The document provides an overview of the Cold War period between the United States and USSR from 1945-1991. It discusses key events including the dropping of nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which marked the start of the nuclear age. It also describes the ideological battle between capitalism in the West led by the US and communism in the East led by the USSR. The arms race and space race between the two superpowers is examined. Finally, the document outlines Gorbachev's reforms of perestroika and glasnost in the USSR, which ultimately led to the collapse of Soviet communism.
REASONS OF UNSTABLE DEMOCRATIC SETUP IN PAKISTAN
There are many reasons for Pakistan's unstable democratic system, including internal and external factors. Internally, political instability stems from a lack of strong leadership, confrontations between government institutions, and poor relations between the central and provincial governments. Additional internal challenges include social, economic, and religious divisions within Pakistan. Externally, foreign interference and the country's strategic location have also undermined democratic stability.
Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Power Point #10
Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Spring 2013 - Power Point Presentation #10 - © 2013 Tabakian, Inc.
ataturk's life
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was the founder and first president of Turkey. He was born in 1881 in Salonika and lost his father at a young age. Atatürk excelled in his military education and career, becoming a successful commander. After World War I, he led Turkey's War of Independence against occupying powers. On October 29, 1923, Atatürk declared the Turkish Republic and instituted radical reforms to modernize the country. He served as Turkey's first president until his death in 1938.
Gorbachev Moves Towards Democracy and Collapse of the Soviet Union
Mikhail Gorbachev implemented democratic reforms in the Soviet Union in the 1980s, including glasnost (openness) and perestroika (economic restructuring). This led to independence movements among Soviet republics and collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Other communist nations in Eastern Europe saw democratic reforms as well, including the fall of communist governments in Poland, East Germany, and Czechoslovakia.
The Kemalist One Party State
The Kemalist One Party State established a dictatorship in Turkey beginning in 1925 through laws that authorized a single party and repressed opposition. The Republican People's Party (RPP) established a monopoly on power and Turkey was officially declared a one party state by 1931. Kemalism, centered around principles like republicanism, secularism, and nationalism, became the dominant state ideology. After Ataturk's death in 1938, Ismet Inonü continued his predecessor's policies as national leader through the 1940s, maintaining a authoritarian regime while pursuing secularization and modernization reforms. Turkey maintained a cautious foreign policy during this period, seeking to avoid conflict until declaring war on Germany in 1945 to qualify for the United Nations.
What is government
The document discusses the history of women's suffrage movements around the world. It notes that women were historically denied the right to vote based on beliefs about their role being only in the home. Suffrage movements began in the mid-1800s in countries like New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. In Britain, the suffragette movement adopted extreme tactics led by Emmeline Pankhurst to gain attention. After World War I, women over 30 with property or education gained the right to vote in Britain. Gradually from the early 1900s to late 1940s, women in many other countries like Denmark, Belgium, France, Greece, Japan, and India were also granted voting rights.
IIRI Study in Modern Turkey for International Students
The document provides an overview of modern Turkey's history from the Ottoman Empire to the founding of the Turkish Republic. It discusses how the Ottoman Empire declined due to economic and military issues starting in the 16th century. Reform efforts in the 19th century aimed to modernize and centralize the empire but were hampered and fueled opposition. This led to its collapse after World War I, leaving Turkey devastated. However, it also laid the foundations for Mustafa Kemal Atatürk to establish the new Turkish Republic after the War of Independence.
Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship arises when the military seizes political power instead of through civilian means. Examples of dictators throughout history are provided from Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Key characteristics of dictatorships are that power is concentrated in one person or small group, and dictators maintain control through non-democratic means like manipulating elections and limiting other branches of government. Dictatorships tend to prioritize maintaining the dictator's power over the prosperity of their nation.
The origin of democratic rule
The document discusses the origins and evolution of democracy from ancient times to modernity. It begins by defining democracy as rule by the people, either directly or through elected representatives. The first democracy emerged in ancient Athens around 508-507 BC, where citizens participated directly in governance. However, women, slaves and foreigners were excluded. Early democracies also existed in other places like ancient India. The document then contrasts early and modern democracy, noting that modern democracy involves competitive elections and universal suffrage through representatives rather than direct participation. It analyzes factors like state strength that influenced different political systems developing in places like Europe, China and the Muslim world.
Stages of the french revolution
The document outlines the three phases of the French Revolution: 1) The Constitutional Monarchy from 1789-1792 where the king and nobility accepted a parliamentary monarchy but conservatives wanted to regain privileges. 2) The Democratic Republic from 1792-1794 stimulated radical changes but some were still dissatisfied. 3) The Bourgeois Republic from 1794-1799 when conservatives retook power. It also provides details about the establishment of a constitution with liberal ideals, an indirect census-based voting system, and the creation of the National Guard to defend revolutionary gains.
Part-IV of Twilight in Delhi
The document summarizes events in Delhi during a period of decline and epidemic. It describes the death and suffering plaguing the city, including the death of Bilqeece and others close to the characters. It discusses the Rowlatt Act passed by the British to detain revolutionaries without trial. The Khilafat Movement aimed to support the Ottoman Caliph being attacked by European powers. The clash between modern and traditional values is seen in characters like Mir Nihal representing the death of old beliefs versus Asghar embracing new fashions. In conclusion, the decline of the Muslim civilization in Delhi is attributed to the decay of Muslim kingship and collapse of old values under the new British system.
Constitutional design
Helps students of Class 9, CBSE to understand the lesson. Point wise explanation, is given. The presentation is supplied with good number of pictures.
Similar a Relevance of the Turkish Democratization (20)
Chapter - 1, Democracy in Contemporary World, Democratic Politics/Civics, Soc...
Chapter - 1, Democracy in Contemporary World, Democratic Politics/Civics, Soc...
Strengths And Challenges For The Rojava Revolution
Strengths And Challenges For The Rojava Revolution
Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Power Point #10
Political Science 2 – Comparative Politics - Power Point #10
Gorbachev Moves Towards Democracy and Collapse of the Soviet Union
Gorbachev Moves Towards Democracy and Collapse of the Soviet Union
IIRI Study in Modern Turkey for International Students
IIRI Study in Modern Turkey for International Students
Relevance of the Turkish Democratization
- 1. Relevance of the Turkish Democratization in the Arab World : Turkish Model Aswini K. Mohapatra
- 2. – The SubjecT headingS: 1. Evolution of the Turkish Polity 2. Transition to Liberal Democracy 3. Democracy in the Arab World 4. Relevance of the Turkish Model in the Arab World
- 3. evoluTion of The Turk ı Sh poliTy evoluTion of TurkiSh republic • In 23rd of April,1923, Turkish Republic is established • The Republican People’s Party (RPP) • Small group of Westernized elites • ’’Bureaucratic ruling tradition’’ from the Ottoman times • Bureaucracy was the part of the political centre • Supported by military • Paternal state : Devlet Baba
- 4. evoluTion of The Turk ı Sh poliTy 6 fundaMenTal principleS of aTaTurk (6 arroWS) • Republicanism: • Kemalism believes that it is only the republican regime which can best represent the wishes of the people. • Populism: • This was a revolution led by an elite with an orientation towards people in general. Women received the right to vote in 1934. • Secularism: • Kemalist secularism did not merely mean separation of state and religion, but also the separation of religion from educational and legal affairs. • Reformism: Turkey made reforms and that the country replaced traditional institutions with modern institutions. Nationalism: • Kemalist nationalism believes in the principle that the Turkish state is an indivisible whole comprising its territory and people. • Statism: • The state was to regulate the country's general economic activity and the state was to engage in areas where private enterprise was not willing to do so, or where private enterprise had proved to be inadequate, or if national interest required it.
- 5. evoluTion of The Turk ı Sh poliTy • Turkey had signed UN Charter in 1945 • Competitive Party System-after World War II. • The Democrat Party is established (DP) in 1945 • Intense Conflict between RPP and DP • The Military Coup in 1960 • The Government of Prime Minister Adnan Menderes was overthrown • The 1961 Constitution framed • Justice Party (The Successor of the DP) formed the government • The Semi Military Coup in 1971 • Deep Political and Ideological Polarization between JP and RPP
- 6. evoluTion of The Turk ı Sh poliTy • The Economic Package announced by Süleyman Demirel • Displeasure among Other Parties • The encounters the Kurdish Separatists and the Ultra- Nationalists • Party leaders warned by the Military • The Turkish Military made an official declaration in 1980 “ It had a duty to step in.” • The Main Reason: The Massive meeting organized by Necmettin Erbakan, the leader of The National Salvation Party (NSP) • Kenan Evren, the general of the coup elected as President • Motherland Party (ANAP) by Turgut Özal • 3 Party Coalition among – RP , DSP and RPP
- 8. TranSiTion To liberal deMocracy probleMaTic SideS of Turkey’S deMocracy • The Absence of Democratic Political Culture • High Level of Human Rights Abuse • Denial of Cultural Liberties to the Minority Kurds • Kurdish Separatism • Islamic Extremism • Intense Polarization as Left wing and Right wing • Primacy of The Military
- 9. TranSiTion To liberal deMocracy • After Justice and Development Party (AKP) : • Supporting for Turkish Integration into global economy • Supporting Membership in the European Union • Overall alignment with the West • Electing AKP was a YES to : • Democratic Reforms • Market Economy and Open Society • The EU Membership Process • Opening up to the World
- 10. TranSiTion To liberal deMocracy • With AKP, The Proposed Reforms: • Complete Freedom of Expression • Assosiation to Removel of Legal Provisions on the usage of mothertongue • Protection of Minority and Human Rigts • Democratic Control of Armed Forces • Decentralization of Power
- 11. The Leader of AKP, Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN
- 12. deMocraTiZaTion in The arab World :
- 13. relevance of The TurkiSh Model • It contradicts correlation between levels of socio- economic development and propensity for democratic rule • The success of electoral democracy in Turkey • It had debunked the claim that Islam is incompatible with democracy • Turkish- Islamic Synthesis • Turkey’s historical and institutional linkages with the West and its resolve to maintain these linkages have made the military sensitive to external pressures
- 14. relevance of The TurkiSh Model • Turkey’s democracy can’t be a model ; • The absence of Turkey’s historical and structural conditions in the Arab World • Inherrited strong state-traditions from Ottoman Empire such as: Statecraft and respect for state • Absence of a strong landed class in Anatolia • Powerful upper landed class in Arab States • Consolidation of State Authority • Escaped from colonialism and mandate
- 15. relevance of The TurkiSh Model • Authoritarian state structure emerged in the Arab World, was consolidated by 3 factors; • Conflict with Israil • Entanglement of the region in superpower rivalry during the Cold War period • The Oil Economy of the 1970s –Huge Oil Reserves and Geo-Strategic Utility
- 16. relevance of The TurkiSh Model “The winds of democratic change have swept all parts of the world except our region, because America wants us to have dictators and monarchical presidents to ensure that we remain weak and vanquished. The geo-strategic imperatives such as a reliable oil supply, necessity to find new markets, protection of the Jewish state of Israel and containment of political Islam have all played a decisive role in exempting the Arab world from Western pressures to democratize.” The Editor of Al-Quds al-Arabi
- 18. concluSion: • As a conclusion, even though Turkish Model of democracy does provide an example for Arab liberal reformers, currently campaigning for democracy and political pluralism in the region, Turkish experience is sui generis and cannot be replicated by any other state in the region.
- 19. Thank you for your attention... Ay ş e Betül Kılıç