10 Lecture Ppt

10.1 DNA is a transforming substance ,[object Object],Figure 10.1 Griffith’s transformation experiment

10.2 DNA, not protein, is the genetic material ,[object Object],[object Object],Figure 10.2A Structure of the virus (T2 bacteriophage) used by Hershey and Chase

Figure 10.2B Hershey and Chase experiment I

Figure 10.2C Hershey and Chase experiment II

10.3 DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Figure 10.3A DNA is a polynucleotide—contains many nucleotides

Figure 10.3B The four bases in DNA nucleotides

RNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 10.3C The uracil nucleotide in RNA replaces thymine in DNA

10.4 DNA meets the criteria for the genetic material ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Figure 10.4 Complementary base pairing

10.5 DNA is a double helix ,[object Object],Figure 10.5A X-ray diffraction of DNA

Figure 10.5B The Watson and Crick model of DNA

10.6 DNA replication is semiconservative ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Figure 10.6 Semiconservative replication (simplified)

10.7 Many different proteins help DNA replicate Figure 10.7 DNA replication (in depth)

Genes Specify the Makeup of Proteins

10.8 Genes are linked to proteins Figure 10.8 Chemical basis of sickle-cell disease in humans

10.9 The making of a protein requires transcription and translation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Figure 10.9 Overview of gene expression

10.10 The genetic code for amino acids is a triplet code ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

10.11 During transcription, a gene passes its coded information to an mRNA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Figure 10.11A Transcription: synthesis of RNA

Figure 10.11B mRNA transcripts extending from horizontal DNA

10.12 In eukaryotes, an mRNA is processed before leaving the nucleus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Figure 10.12 mRNA processing in eukaryotes

10.13 During translation, each transfer RNA carries a particular amino acid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Figure 10.13A Cloverleaf model of tRNA

Figure 10.13B Space-filling model of tRNA molecule

10.14 Translation occurs at ribosomes in cytoplasm ,[object Object],[object Object]

Figure 10.14 Ribosome structure and function

10.15 Initiation begins the process of polypeptide production ,[object Object],Figure 10.15 Initiation

10.16 Elongation builds a polypeptide one amino acid at a time ,[object Object],Figure 10.16 Elongation cycle

10.17 Let’s review gene expression

Mutations Are Changes in the Sequence of DNA Bases

10.18 Mutations affect genetic information and expression ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Figure 10.18A Types of point mutations

APPLYING THE CONCEPTS—HOW BIOLOGY IMPACTS OUR LIVES 10.19 Many agents can cause mutations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

APPLYING THE CONCEPTS—HOW SCIENCE PROGRESSES 10.20 Transposons are “jumping genes” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Connecting the Concepts: Chapter 10 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

10 Lecture Ppt

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10 Lecture Ppt