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Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of  the Environment
Overview: The Molecule That Supports All of Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Structure of Water ,[object Object],[object Object],Animation: Water Structure
Four emergent properties of water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cohesion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Animation:  Cohesion  of Water
Moderation of Temperature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Insulation of Bodies of Water by Floating Ice ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Solvent of Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LE 3-6 Na + Na + Cl – Cl – + + + + + + + + – – – – – – – – – – – When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules, a hydration shell
LE 3-7b Lysozyme molecule in a aqueous environment. Water can also dissolve compounds made of nonionic polar molecules Even large polar molecules such as proteins can dissolve in water if they have ionic and polar regions
Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Substances ,[object Object],[object Object]
Solute Concentration in Aqueous Solutions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],0.1 M   1.0 M
Dissociation of water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],H 2 O  +  H 2 O     H 3 O +   +  OH  -   Animation:  Dissociation
Effects of changes in pH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Acids and Bases & pH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Animation:  Acids, Bases & pH
LE 3-8 pH Scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Oven cleaner Household bleach Household ammonia Milk of magnesia Seawater Pure water Human blood Urine Rainwater Black coffee Tomato juice Vinegar, beer, wine, cola Digestive (stomach) juice, lemon juice Battery acid Neutral [H + ] = [OH – ] Increasingly Acidic [H + ] > [OH – ] Increasingly Basic [H + ] < [OH – ]
Buffers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Threat of Acid Precipitation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Investigation:  Acid Rain
LE 3-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 More basic Normal rain More acidic Acid rain

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Water and the Fitness of the Environment

  • 1. Chapter 3 Water and the Fitness of the Environment
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. LE 3-6 Na + Na + Cl – Cl – + + + + + + + + – – – – – – – – – – – When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules, a hydration shell
  • 10. LE 3-7b Lysozyme molecule in a aqueous environment. Water can also dissolve compounds made of nonionic polar molecules Even large polar molecules such as proteins can dissolve in water if they have ionic and polar regions
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. LE 3-8 pH Scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Oven cleaner Household bleach Household ammonia Milk of magnesia Seawater Pure water Human blood Urine Rainwater Black coffee Tomato juice Vinegar, beer, wine, cola Digestive (stomach) juice, lemon juice Battery acid Neutral [H + ] = [OH – ] Increasingly Acidic [H + ] > [OH – ] Increasingly Basic [H + ] < [OH – ]
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. LE 3-9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 More basic Normal rain More acidic Acid rain