1. Cloud services:
The democratization of IT
Dr. L.A. Plugge, SURF - Scientific Technical Council / Wetenschappelijk Technische Raad
November 3, 2010 – HEUG conference, InHolland

2. November 3, 2010
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SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
January 2009May 2003

3. Edwards & Peppard’s Process Model
November 3, 2010
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SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
Edwards, C. & Peppard, J. A critical issue in business process re-engineering: focussing the initiative,
Cranfield School of management, 1997

4. Problem statement by
Ray Ozzie in The Dawn of a New Day (Oct. 28, 2010)
• The PC-centric / server-centric model has accreted
immense complexity
• Complexity kills.
• Complexity makes products difficult to plan, build, test and use.
• And as time goes on and as software products mature – even
with the best of intent – complexity is inescapable.
November 3, 2010
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SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
http://ozzie.net/docs/dawn-of-a-new-day/

5. …and the solution that has already begun
• the early adopters among us have decidedly begun to move
• to cope with complexity a simple conceptual model is taking
shape, a world of
1. cloud-based continuous services that connect us all
2. appliance-like connected devices enabling us to interact with
those cloud-based services.
November 3, 2010
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SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
http://ozzie.net/docs/dawn-of-a-new-day/

6. The Cloud is a representation of the Internet…
November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
The Opte Project Mapping the internet in a single day
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7. …that we are all connected to…
Everything wants to be connected and works better if it is connected
Sheldon Renan
November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
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8. …to enjoy an increasing number of Services…
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9. Hence the name:
Cloud Services.
Which ‘simply’ means:
Delivering IT Capability
through the cloud.
November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
It can be:
• Software (SaaS)
• Platform (PaaS)
• Infrastructure (IaaS)
Characteristics:
• On demand
• Scalable
• Flexible
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10. Source: Niraj Juneja, Webscale Solutions
“A Walk in the Clouds”
…capability delivered by the big cloud players…
SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research November 3, 2010
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11. Cloud services are interesting,
because the IT in your organization is:
• not really 24x7
• expensive
• time consuming
• rigid, i.e., fixed functionality/options
• increasingly complex and brittle
• not meeting the increasing performance demands
• lacking sufficient expertise
• having difficulty keeping up with the pace of IT innovation
• not your core business
 not what the users expect
November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
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12. Cloud Services
is a
Paradigm Shift
Cf.
Production,
Distribution,
Provisioning of Electricity
November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
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13. Regional Monopoly (PZEM, PLEM, PEM, etc)
Towards market forces
Production Distribution Provisioning Client
Oxxio
Electrabel
Greenchoice
Ned. Energie Mij.
E-ON
Dong Energy
…
Tennet
&
Local
?
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14. Google
Microsoft
Yahoo
Amazon
Force.com
Oracle(Sun)
…
University IT centers
Towards market forces
Production Distribution Provisioning Client
Internet
SURFnet
Local
Private
?
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15. Cloud Services
are
Disruptive
It’s easy to
miss the boat
Cf.
Digital Equipment Corp
and the personal computer
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16. SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
Digital Equipment Corp
Successful in mini computers
DEC PDP-12, 1969.
Price $27,900.
Applications:
Psychology (a.o. Statistical analysis)
Chemistry
Patient monitoring
Industrial tests
En last but not least Zork.
November 3, 2010
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17. Along came Apple with a disruptive idea,
the Apple II
Home Computer
April 1977
Integer Basic
Full-stroke keyboard - only uppercase letters
MOS 6502
1 MHz
4 KB (64 KB max.)
12 KB (Monitor + Integer Basic + 'sweet 16' mini-assembler )
40 x 24 / 80 x 24 (with 80 columns card)
40 x 40-48 (16 colors), 280 x 192 (4 and later 6 colors)
one channel
Video out (composite), 8 expansion slots, Tape recorder, Paddles
$1298
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(Apple I a DIY kit)

18. SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
After spending millions $$
this was DEC’s answer to the PC:
November 3, 2010
300 Professional series 1979
DCF-11 chipset (325/350) - Harris J-11 chipset (380)
13.33 MHz. (325 - 350), 15 MHz. (380)
MMU and FPA (belong to the DCF-11 chipset)
Memory 256 KB (up to 1 MB)
Graphics 1024 x 256 dots.
Video output, Keyboard, Printer output
325: 2 x 5.25 400 KB FDD
P/OS, RT-11,, Venix
$8,000 and up
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19. DEC fell apart and was eaten
November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
Compaq
Hewlett-Packard
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20. The CIOs reaction to cloud services?
• Who is in control?
• Where are the servers doing the computing?
• Where are my data stored?
• How are my data managed?
• How is security organized?
• What happens when a service fails?
• What service levels can I choose from?
• What are the service limitations?
• How is continuity guaranteed?
Cloud services are a big RISK!
Let’s build our own cloud!
November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
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21. Cloud services users are looking for
• Freedom to choose
• Low costs
• Functionality
• Accessibility
• Reasonably high reliability
• Reasonable assurance of security and privacy
They care less about:
• What platform is used
• What hardware is used
• How things are organized
• Etc.
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22. Consider this
Central facilities
• Student PC’s
• E-mail
• Calender
• Limited Storage
• Some Collaboration sw
• No synch
• No Chat
• “We’ll think about it”
• “We know what’s best”
Private facilities
• They have their own laptop
• They have their own account
• Choose
• Plenty
• Can get it anywhere
• Sync anything
• They use it all the time
• “Why? It’s there!”
• “I decide (own risk)”
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23. It is time to rethink
which services
a higher education institution
should provide,
why and for whom
A postal office?
An internet access provider?
A computer dealer?
A software dealer?
In the 90’s
many of these services were scarce.
But not anymore!
November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
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24. Let’s analyze what students, faculty and administration
really do and need to support those activities…
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25. Answer this question:
Why do we offer certain facilities?
• as a marketing instrument?
− then you better outperform the market facilities
− or offer something unique
• to control procedures, usage and results?
− then you stifle creativity and professionalism
− or encourage workarounds
• to help those less skilled in IT use?
− then what is the minimum skill needed?
− why not let their peers help them?
• what problem are you trying to solve?
• Is it your problem, your responsibility?
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November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
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26. Then decide: what to make, buy, or outsource,
and what to let go!
Make
Outsource
Partner
Contract
mission critical
contextcore
supporting
I will
Help myself!
Cloud
Services
November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
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27. Disruption only started…
November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
JSB, Deloitte, Cloud Computing – Storms on the Horizon, 2009
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28. …and developments in NL are picking up
November 3, 2010SURF - ICT innovation by and for higher education and research
Google, Salesforce.com, IBM, de Universiteit
Twente, Kennispark Twente en Caase.com
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29. So prepare your IT organization:
• for a shift in focus
− Service production decreases;
− Service coordination increases;
− Information infrastructure importance increases;
− more flexible / agile IT.
• shift in expertise
− less development and production;
− more expertise on core business needs;
− more architectural (information integration) expertise;
− more market expertise.
• shift toward cooperation with peer institutions
− demand aggregation;
− IT (energy) cost reduction.
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30. Remember, many of your users can choose
with their feet and leave you with underused
expensive facilities!
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Leo Plugge
plugge@surf.nl
www.surf.nl/wtr