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Making the Web Searchable Peter Mika  Researcher, Data Architect Yahoo! Research
Yahoo! Research (research.yahoo.com)
Yahoo! Research Barcelona ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Yahoo! by numbers  (April, 2007) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The many faces of the Semantic Web ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Option 1: Standalone RDF documents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],. . . #PeterM #Bud born “ Peter Mika” label “ Budapest” label #Hun capital-of “ 2,000,000” population #PeterM #Bud born “ Peter Mika” label “ Budapest” label #Hun capital-of “ 2,000,000” population #PeterM #Bud born “ Peter Mika” label “ Budapest” label #Hun capital-of “ 2,000,000” population
Option 1: cntd. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],. Peter Mika was born in Budapest. #PeterM #Bud born “ Peter Mika” label “ Budapest” label #Hun capital-of “ 2,000,000” population
Option 2: Metadata inside web pages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Peter Mika was born in Budapest. Peter Mika was born in Budapest. #PeterM #Bud born “ Peter Mika” label “ Budapest” label #Hun capital-of “ 2,000,000” population #PeterM #Bud born “ Peter Mika” label “ Budapest” label #Hun capital-of “ 2,000,000” population
Option 3: SPARQL endpoints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],#PeterM #Bud born “ Peter Mika” label “ Budapest” label #Hun capital-of “ 2,000,000” population
Option 4: feeds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],. #PeterM #Bud born “ Peter Mika” label “ Budapest” label #Hun capital-of “ 2,000,000” population #PeterM #Bud born “ Peter Mika” label “ Budapest” label #Hun capital-of “ 2,000,000” population #PeterM #Bud born “ Peter Mika” label “ Budapest” label #Hun capital-of “ 2,000,000” population
Option 5: XSLT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],<XSLT> xx yy 1 2
Option 6: Automatic markup ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Peter Mika was born in Budapest. <person>Peter Mika</person> was born in <location>Budapest</location>.
Example:  Zemanta ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Metadata in HTML
Brief history of the Annotated Web ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HTML meta tags ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SHOE example  (Hefflin & Hendler, 1996)  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],<HEAD> <META HTTP-EQUIV=&quot;Instance-Key&quot; CONTENT=&quot;http://www.cs.umd.edu/~george&quot;>  <USE-ONTOLOGY &quot;our-ontology&quot; VERSION=&quot;1.0&quot; PREFIX=&quot;our&quot; URL=&quot;http://ont.org/our-ont.html&quot;>  </HEAD> <BODY> <CATEGORY &quot;our.Person&quot;>  <RELATION &quot;our.marriedTo&quot; TO=&quot;http://www.cs.umd.edu/~helena&quot;>  <RELATION &quot;our.employee&quot;   FROM=&quot;http://www.cs.umd.edu&quot;>   My name is  <ATTRIBUTE &quot;our.firstName&quot;>  George  </ATTRIBUTE> <ATTRIBUTE &quot;our.lastName&quot;> Cook </ATTRIBUTE>  and I live at...
SHOE system
SHOE Text-based query interface
SHOE Graphical Query Interface
Example: Creative Commons ,[object Object],<HTML> <HEAD>… </HEAD> <BODY> … <!–-   <rdf:RDF xmlns=&quot;http://creativecommons.org/ns#&quot; xmlns:dc=&quot;http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/&quot; xmlns:rdf=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#&quot;> <Work rdf:about=&quot;http://www.yergler.net/averages/&quot;> <dc:title>The Law of Averages</dc:title> <dc:description>...because eventually i&apos;ll be right...</dc:description> <license rdf:resource=&quot;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/&quot; /> </Work> <License rdf:about=&quot;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/1.0/&quot;> <requires rdf:resource=&quot;http://web.resource.org/cc/Notice&quot; /> <permits rdf:resource=&quot;http://web.resource.org/cc/Reproduction&quot; /> <permits rdf:resource=&quot;http://web.resource.org/cc/Distribution&quot; /> <prohibits rdf:resource=&quot;http://web.resource.org/cc/CommercialUse&quot; /> </License> </rdf:RDF> -->
Example: Creative Commons ,[object Object],This work is licensed under a <a  rel=&quot;license&quot;  href=&quot;http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/&quot;>Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License</a>. ,[object Object]
Microformats (μf) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example: microformats <cite class=&quot; vcard &quot;> <a class=&quot; fn url &quot; rel=&quot;friend colleague met&quot;  href=&quot;http://meyerweb.com/&quot;> Eric Meyer </a> </cite>  wrote a post   ( <cite> <a href=&quot;http://meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2005/12/16/tax-relief/&quot;> Tax Relief </a></cite> ) about an unintentionally humorous letter  he received from the   <span class=&quot; vcard &quot;> <a class=&quot; fn org url &quot; href=&quot;http://irs.gov/&quot;> Internal Revenue Service </a> </span>.  <div class=&quot; vcard &quot;>  <a class=&quot; email fn &quot; href=&quot;mailto:jfriday@host.com&quot;> Joe Friday </a>  <div class=&quot; tel &quot;> +1-919-555-7878 </div>  <div class=&quot; title &quot;> Area Administrator, Assistant </div>  </div>
Microformats: limitations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RDFa ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RDFa in a slide <p  xmlns:rdfs=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#&quot; xmlns:foaf=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/” typeof=”foaf:Person &quot;  about=&quot;http://example.org/staff/jo&quot; >  <span  property= &quot; rdfs:label foaf:name &quot;> Jo Smith </span>.  <span  property= &quot; foaf:title &quot;> Web hacker </span> at  <a  rel=”vcard:org&quot; property= &quot; foaf:name &quot; href=&quot;http://example.org&quot;>  Acme Corp </a>. You can contact me  <a  rel= &quot; foaf:mbox&quot;  href=&quot;mailto:jo@example.org&quot;>  via email  </a>.  </p> ...  Assign the prefixes rdfs and foaf  to the RDFS and FOAF namespaces (as in XML, RDF/XML etc.) Create a new resource of type foaf:Person Assign a value to a property Give it a URI Link to another resource and assign a name to it
Microformats vs. RDFa ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Keep an eye on HTML5 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Microdata example <div item=“http://www.yahoo.com/resource/person”> <p>My name is <span itemprop=&quot; name &quot;> Neil </span>.</p> <p>My band is called  <span itemprop=&quot; band &quot;> Four Parts Water </span>. I was born on  <time itemprop=&quot; birthday &quot; datetime=&quot; 2009-05-10 &quot;>May 10th 2009</time>. <img itemprop=&quot; image &quot; src=” me.png &quot; alt=”me”> </p> </div
The process of annotating with RDFa  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Choosing a vocabulary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advanced topic: creating a vocabulary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exercise (slideshare.net/pmika) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Semantic Search
Why semantic search? (P. Raghavan) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Searches that show a ‘semantic gap’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Queries that require a deeper understanding of  the query, the content and/or the world at large
Not just search
Semantic Search ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Semantics at every step of the IR process bla bla bla? q=“bla” * 3 Document processing bla bla bla Ranking Query processing Search interface The IR engine The Web The Semantic Web bla bla bla bla bla bla “ bla” θ (q,d)
Document processing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples: online NLP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples: information extraction from templated HTML ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Query Interpretation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example: Semantic Search Assist ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],apple ipod nano  review  sony plasma tv  review jerry yang  biography  biography  tim berners lee   tim berners lee  blog peter mika  yahoo britney spears  shaves her head
Models ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],apple ipod nano  review entity fix type: product
Demo
Ranking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Search interface ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Putting it all together: Semantic Search Engines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SearchMonkey
image deep links name/value pairs or abstract Enhanced Result
A difficult problem! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SearchMonkey Acme.com’s database Index RDF/Microformat Markup site owners/publishers share structured data with Yahoo!.  1 consumers customize their search experience with Enhanced Results or Infobars 3 site owners & third-party developers build SearchMonkey apps. 2 DataRSS feed Web Services Page Extraction Acme.com’s  Web Pages
Example apps  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example apps. II. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Google’s Rich Snippets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BOSS: Build your Own Search Service ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BOSS API to structured data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Demo: resume search ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Demo
Yahoo Query Language (YQL) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PHP example : select the last 100 photos from Flickr with the word Austin ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
YQL example  ( source )
That’s all there is to it! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exercise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Challenges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Challenges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contact ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
the monkey is out!

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Semantic Search Summer School2009

  • 1. Making the Web Searchable Peter Mika Researcher, Data Architect Yahoo! Research
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  • 21. SHOE Graphical Query Interface
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  • 25. Example: microformats <cite class=&quot; vcard &quot;> <a class=&quot; fn url &quot; rel=&quot;friend colleague met&quot; href=&quot;http://meyerweb.com/&quot;> Eric Meyer </a> </cite> wrote a post ( <cite> <a href=&quot;http://meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2005/12/16/tax-relief/&quot;> Tax Relief </a></cite> ) about an unintentionally humorous letter he received from the <span class=&quot; vcard &quot;> <a class=&quot; fn org url &quot; href=&quot;http://irs.gov/&quot;> Internal Revenue Service </a> </span>. <div class=&quot; vcard &quot;> <a class=&quot; email fn &quot; href=&quot;mailto:jfriday@host.com&quot;> Joe Friday </a> <div class=&quot; tel &quot;> +1-919-555-7878 </div> <div class=&quot; title &quot;> Area Administrator, Assistant </div> </div>
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  • 28. RDFa in a slide <p xmlns:rdfs=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#&quot; xmlns:foaf=&quot;http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/” typeof=”foaf:Person &quot; about=&quot;http://example.org/staff/jo&quot; > <span property= &quot; rdfs:label foaf:name &quot;> Jo Smith </span>. <span property= &quot; foaf:title &quot;> Web hacker </span> at <a rel=”vcard:org&quot; property= &quot; foaf:name &quot; href=&quot;http://example.org&quot;> Acme Corp </a>. You can contact me <a rel= &quot; foaf:mbox&quot; href=&quot;mailto:jo@example.org&quot;> via email </a>. </p> ... Assign the prefixes rdfs and foaf to the RDFS and FOAF namespaces (as in XML, RDF/XML etc.) Create a new resource of type foaf:Person Assign a value to a property Give it a URI Link to another resource and assign a name to it
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  • 31. Microdata example <div item=“http://www.yahoo.com/resource/person”> <p>My name is <span itemprop=&quot; name &quot;> Neil </span>.</p> <p>My band is called <span itemprop=&quot; band &quot;> Four Parts Water </span>. I was born on <time itemprop=&quot; birthday &quot; datetime=&quot; 2009-05-10 &quot;>May 10th 2009</time>. <img itemprop=&quot; image &quot; src=” me.png &quot; alt=”me”> </p> </div
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  • 41. Semantics at every step of the IR process bla bla bla? q=“bla” * 3 Document processing bla bla bla Ranking Query processing Search interface The IR engine The Web The Semantic Web bla bla bla bla bla bla “ bla” θ (q,d)
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  • 48. Demo
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  • 53. image deep links name/value pairs or abstract Enhanced Result
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  • 55. SearchMonkey Acme.com’s database Index RDF/Microformat Markup site owners/publishers share structured data with Yahoo!. 1 consumers customize their search experience with Enhanced Results or Infobars 3 site owners & third-party developers build SearchMonkey apps. 2 DataRSS feed Web Services Page Extraction Acme.com’s Web Pages
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  • 62. Demo
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  • 65. YQL example ( source )
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Notas del editor

  1. Designed for humans first and machines second, microformats are a set of simple, open data formats built upon existing and widely adopted standards. Instead of throwing away what works today, microformats intend to solve simpler problems first by adapting to current behaviors and usage patterns
  2. In fact, some of these searches are so hard that the users don’t even try them anymore
  3. Results are good, but consider the ads: First ad says: Virgins. Looking for virgins? Find exactly what you want today. Ebay.com Second ad: Virgins. …Find cheap tickets for Virgins. Third ad: Adspam… these people buy Yahoo! traffic and sell it to Google.
  4. SW: Representing and reasoning with structured data on the Web Both a relational and graph view on information IR:: Aggregating information at a document-level based on ad-hoc information needs DB: Representing and querying information in a relational model NLP: from text to information One reference to Semantic Search
  5. Entity-independent measures: M1: probability of fix given type M2: probability of fix given type, normalized by probability of fix (the more uncommon the fix, the better) M3: binary entropy function
  6. [will be animated]