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Chapter 10

Tactics and Techniques




     This is PR 11th Edition
    Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Objectives
• To appreciate the distinctions among advertising,
  publicity, publications, annual reports and special
  events and understand the unique tactical and technical
  requirements for preparing messages for each
• To recognize the best tactics and techniques for
  message presentation in the mass media that are
  available to public relations practitioners
• To understand how media workers perform their jobs
  and the best ways that public relations practitioners can
  help them to do so
• To develop sensitivity to how cultural differences among
  audiences can affect the way public relations messages
  are interpreted and perceived

                      This is PR 11th Edition
                     Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Primary PR Tactics
• Advertising
• Publicity
• Hybrids that include a bit of both




                  This is PR 11th Edition
                 Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Advertising
• Paid-for time or space
• Except for PSAs, which is time and space
  donated to a nonprofit organization or
  cause
• May look like publicity: Special section that
  includes what looks like editorial copy as
  well as ads
• Controlled media

                  This is PR 11th Edition
                 Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Publicity
• Handled by editorial staffs of news media
• Is editorial copy
• Is uncontrolled media




                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Line Between Advertising and PR
• Blurring further as traditional media are
  used in more unusual ways and consumers
  of media lose their ability to distinguish
  between “fair and unbiased” news
  messages and information that has not
  been “vetted” by journalists in their
  traditional role
• “Digital Natives”: get their news from Web
  portals and from Web media such as blogs

                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Special Editorial Sections
• Combination of advertising and publicity
• Display advertising
• Editorial copy devoted to a particular topic or event,
  written by or for those who have paid for the
  display ads
• May look very much like “regular” print content
• Broadcast version is an advertorial or infomercial




                     This is PR 11th Edition
                    Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Public Service
          Announcements
• Referred to as PSAs
• Criticism of use and misuse remains
• Publicity-generated copy
• Placed through advertising staff (print) or
  public service director (radio and TV)
• Space or time donated by media to
  nonprofit organizations or nonprofit events
  sponsored by commercial organizations
                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Preparing Successful Ads
• Be clear about purpose
• Be clear about public you are targeting
• Use an organization’s logo to create identity
  with the ad unless it might be
  misunderstood in cross-cultural
  communication
• Be cautious with the use of humor, making
  comparisons or using negative comments

                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Publications as Publicity
• Brochures
• In-house magazines, newspapers,
  newsletters
• Annual reports
• All may be used to generate publicity




                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Producing Brochures
• Determine purpose and audience
• Determine distribution (check with U.S.
  Postal Service)
• Visualize with a mockup what the brochure
  might look like
• Determine what needs to be said and
  whether it can best be said with text or
  visuals


                This is PR 11th Edition
               Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Producing Brochures (cont.)
• Decide about design features: color, paper,
  typeface
• Create text and gather visuals
• Enlist layout artist or handle design and layout
  directly using a computer
• Obtain printer estimates
• Proofread, edit, proofread again
• Print
• Distribute

                    This is PR 11th Edition
                   Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Producing House Publications
• Distribute to employees or members of
  internal audiences
• Determine purpose
• Determine budget
• Determine format - newsletter, tabloid,
  magazine – after studying media habits of
  audience
• Determine distribution
                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Producing House Publications
             (cont.)
• Develop content: both what audience wants to
  know and what it needs to know
   – Questionnaires or other research techniques
     can be used to survey audience
   – May use employee/member correspondents or
     PR staff only
• Prepare a mockup of text, visuals, cover
• Obtain printer estimates
• Design, edit, proof
• Print and distribute
                  This is PR 11th Edition
                 Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Producing Annual Reports
• Is shared task of PR and financial officer
• PR is communications expert responsible
  for design and language
• Financial person is fiscal expert responsible
  for content
• Key consideration is report’s impact on
  priority publics: Investors, financial
  community, SEC

                  This is PR 11th Edition
                 Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Producing Annual Reports (cont.)
• Planning begins almost a year in advance
• Report is a process almost as much as it is
  a publication
• May be disturbed in printed form but also in
  digital and video formats and posted to
  organization’s Website
• Separate version may be done for internal
  audiences

                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Contents of Annual Reports
• Letter from the CEO
• Auditor’s report
• Financial statements
• Narrative section commenting on year’s operations
  and accomplishments
• Photos and charts
• Best also to include an “executive summary” that
  boils everything down to a clear, concise summary


                   This is PR 11th Edition
                  Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Speeches as Publicity
• Executive speech may receive one-time
  media coverage
• Speech may be videotaped and distributed
  to target audiences or posted on Web
• Text of speech may be reprinted in
  brochure format and distributed to target
  audiences
• Copies of speech may be distributed
  internally
                This is PR 11th Edition
               Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Speech Checklist
• Set up a day ahead
• Find out what events are going on next door and get
  them, or your event, moved if there will be noise
  distractions
• Check out the sound system
• Check out the lighting
• Check out access to electrical outlets for broadcast
• Check out projection, computer systems
• Make sure proper chairs, tables, etc., are on hand and
  placed correctly
• Arrange for water and glasses
• Locate nearest restrooms, telephones
• Prepare name tags
                     This is PR 11th Edition
                    Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Speech Checklist (cont.)
• Set up registration area and have list of invited
  guests
• Provide place cards or seating charts
• Prepare an agenda/program of all activities to take
  place during the event and distribute to participants
• Have writing materials available for last-minute
  notes
• Prepare information kits for attendees
• Have easy-to-read clock
• Be sure all computer components are compatible
                    This is PR 11th Edition
                   Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Special Events as Publicity
•   Speeches
•   Open houses
•   Celebrations
•   Celebrity visits
•   Conventions or trade shows




                  This is PR 11th Edition
                 Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Planning Special Events
• Start planning early
   – For large events, a year in advance is not
     too soon
• Create a blueprint plan and timetable
   – Assign every detail
   – Walk through the event to make sure you
     don’t overlook anything
• Form committees or groups to implement
  the plan
                  This is PR 11th Edition
                 Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Planning Special Events
             (cont.)
• Use company artists, designers, copywriters,
  exhibit specialists, etc., when they exist and are
  available
• Provide special attractions to ensure attendance:
  Celebrities, concerts, exhibits, tours, awards,
  prizes, etc.
• Provide giveaways and souvenirs
• Arrange to move people to and from the event
• Publicize the event well in advance using
  advertising to supplement as necessary
• Thank everyone when the event is over

                   This is PR 11th Edition
                  Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Visual Presentations
• Using easel pads
  – Remember to provide markers
  – Plan ahead for how to display multiple pages if
    you want people to see all ideas jotted down
• Using overhead projectors
  – Transparencies must be readable from a
    distance
  – Few words, lots of charts, graphs, visuals


                   This is PR 11th Edition
                  Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Visual Presentations (cont.)
• Using PowerPoint slides
  – Type size should be large for legibility
  – Provide handout that is copy of slides
    used
  – May be transferred to CD or digital file for
    further distribution



                  This is PR 11th Edition
                 Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Audio Presentations
• Thoroughly test equipment
• Rent high-quality equipment if the
  equipment provided by the meeting space
  is poor
• Keep the presentation simple and direct for
  easy understanding



                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Institutional Video
• Be specific about needs: audience,
  purpose, etc.
• May be done by in-house staff or outside
  specialists
• May be video version of previously
  produced printed publication like annual
  report


                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Judging Video Quality
•   Attention span: gripping? interesting?
•   Subject: adequately covered?
•   Audience suitability: properly targeted?
•   Visuals: quality? clarity?
•   Timeliness: visuals, text up to date?
•   Talent: participants, actors believable?
•   Sound: appropriate? balanced?
•   Editing: flow? pace?
•   Script content: right quantity of words vs. visuals?
•   Believability: honest? plausible?


                         This is PR 11th Edition
                        Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Celebrity Appearances
• Presence guarantees publicity
• May make arrangements through agent or
  through organization with which celebrity is
  involved
• Request bio info, photos for pre-appearance
  publicity
• Provide all background information to celebrity or
  agent
• Provide special amenities: from limo to special
  foods to special host or “handler”
• Develop a schedule and stick to it

                   This is PR 11th Edition
                  Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Successful Publicity
•   Is it important to the medium's audience?
•   Is it local if a local medium?
•   Is it timely?
•   Is it accurate, truthful and complete?




                   This is PR 11th Edition
                  Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Judging Value of Publicity
             Information
•   Does it have news value?
•   Does it have human interest?
•   Does it have humor?
•   Does it meet the needs of the media?
•   Is it being delivered to the media at an
    appropriate time in their schedules?



                    This is PR 11th Edition
                   Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
PR Wire and Video Services
• Carry PR news directly into newsrooms, often
  computer to computer
• Distribute both text and video releases
• Can result in national, even international, coverage
• Can also result in greater credibility for PR sources
  because material is carefully checked before
  transmission
• Some include clipping, videotaping, monitoring
  services
• May deliver digital photos as well as text
• Disadvantage: don’t always know who received
                    This is PR 11th Edition
                   Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Public Relations and the Internet
• A “network of networks” that no one
  manages
• Distributes text but also sound and video
  content
• Many organizations maintain Websites that
  are used for communication, sales, etc.



                This is PR 11th Edition
               Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Websites
• Method of attractively presenting organization to
  millions around the world
• Consulting, Web design firms available to
  develop sites if in-house capability lacking
• Has 24/7 nature so is available on demand
• Cheaper than most advertising and publicity
• Web manager must constantly update, correct
• Need to develop happy medium between breadth
  and depth
                   This is PR 11th Edition
                  Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Working with the Media
• Requires some basic training in journalistic
  techniques for gathering, reporting
  information
• Requires being able to identify news
• Requires keeping background, historical,
  factoid material ready at all times
• Requires familiarity with intended media
  target: style, timing, content focus

                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Materials for Media
• News releases
   – Must identify with target media’s definition of news
   – Must be prepared in appropriate style, form
   – Must be prepared with media schedules in mind
• Photos, illustrations
   – Some media will accept; others prefer to take their
     own
   – Be careful of arrangement as to who owns photos
     or illustrations
   – Know media specifications
                     This is PR 11th Edition
                    Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Materials for Media (cont.)
• Video news releases
   – Often outsourced to enhance
     international distribution
• Information based on promotions
   – Often referred to as “marketing PR”
• Image marketing
• Publicity spin-offs
• Celebrity spin-offs
                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Publicizing Special Events
• Establish a timetable to ensure all details
  are addressed
• Prepare a mailing list for media and guests
• Plan the promotional plan in detail: Which
  information will go to which media and in
  what formats
• Consider all formats of information:
  advertising, publicity, letterhead, invitations,
  posters, etc.
                   This is PR 11th Edition
                  Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Publicizing Special Events (cont.)
• Develop media kit: mailed in advance,
  handed out at event, mailed after the fact to
  no-shows
• Set up newsroom if live coverage is
  anticipated
• After the event send clipping, stories for
  special, trade publications and special
  audiences such as shareholders to extend
  coverage

                  This is PR 11th Edition
                 Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Contents of Media Kit
•   Fact sheet for organization
•   Fact sheet on occasion
•   Background and photos of people involved
•   Background on organization and on event or situation
•   Program or schedule of events
•   Complete list of participants
•   Straight new story
•   Feature story
•   Page of facts about event or organization
•   Visual materials such as logos
•   Information on cooperating organizations

                       This is PR 11th Edition
                      Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Relationships with the Media
• Good PR person knows a journalist’s job
  almost as well as the journalist
• Good PR person knows which specific
  journalists cover his/her organization,
  industry, etc. and maintains contact even
  when there is no news
• Good PR person develops a media list of
  relevant reporters, editors and keeps it
  current

                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Relationships with the Media
              (cont.)
• Good PR person is available to a journalist
  whenever the journalist needs information
  or assistance
• Good PR person immediately responds to
  media requests or needs




                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Relationships with Production
              Pros
• Good PR person knows and understands
  the production process for print, broadcast,
  digital media
• Good PR person is able to articulate clearly
  what he/she want
• Good PR person understands that the
  higher the quality of the work desired, the
  higher the cost

                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Relationships with Other PR Pros
• An in-house PR practitioner may have to
  work with an agency brought in for a special
  project or event,
• Who is responsible for what must be
  spelled out immediately to avoid confusion
  and misunderstanding between the client
  and PR services provider


                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Relationships with Freelancer
• PR person may be asked by freelancer to
  provide information and/or access
   – Check out freelancer’s legitimacy first
   – Make sure you both agree on the scope
     and focus of the article
• PR person may hire freelancers to write for
  the organization


                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Contracts and Deadlines
• PR person arranges contracts with
  suppliers of services: freelancers, printers,
  AV services
• Everything needs to be spelled out,
  including deadlines
• Meeting deadlines is essential for a smooth
  operation


                  This is PR 11th Edition
                 Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Media Interviews
• Role of PR practitioner
   – Preparer: briefs executive to be interviewed,
     provides information to reporter
   – Facilitator: arranges interview, provides follow-
     up information, materials
   – Clarifier: interprets facts, technical language
• PR person should not inject himself/herself into
  the interview


                    This is PR 11th Edition
                   Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Interview Guidelines
• Select appropriate place for interview that is
  comfortable for interviewee
• Allow sufficient time for interviewer to
  complete assignment
• Know the topic of discussion and have
  supporting material and information on
  hand
• Coach the interviewee beforehand as to
  what questions to expect
                  This is PR 11th Edition
                 Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Interview Guidelines (cont.)
• Know the reporter’s habits and quirks and
  brief the interviewee
• Brief the reporter on the subject of the
  interview
• Set ground rules for the interview and make
  sure both parties understand them
   – Is anything off the record?
• Make sure the reporter gets the story
  he/she came for
                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Interview Guidelines (cont.)
• Stay in the background. Don’t answer
  questions or intrude unless the subject
  begins to divulge information against
  company policy
• Offer to provide answers to future questions
  that might arise
• Do not ask the reporter when the story will
  run or ask him/her to send a copy

                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Rules for the Interviewee
• Know the topic you’re going to discuss
• Anticipate tough questions
• Be honest
• Answer questions directly and if you cannot
  say so
• If you don’t know an answer, say you don’t
  know and offer to get the information and
  then follow up with it quickly
                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Rules for the Interviewee
             (cont.)
• Keep the interview as relaxed and cordial
  as possible
• Avoid off-the-record remarks
• Don’t try to avoid answering questions that
  are public record
• Offer help and additional information later if
  the journalist needs it


                  This is PR 11th Edition
                 Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
News Conferences
• Schedule them only when legitimate news
  is involved
• Choose a site and time convenient to news
  media
• Cover the news conference for your own
  organization with videotaping, audio
  recording, etc.
• Assemble and have available all
  background information
                This is PR 11th Edition
               Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
News Conferences (cont.)
• Offer a story and visuals or sound bites to
  those media unable to attend
• Rehearse your spokespeople
• Share the results of your news conference
  with management immediately after the
  conference



                 This is PR 11th Edition
                Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Media Tours
• Become thoroughly familiar with the people you will
  meet
• Be sure all arrangements are firm
• Take plenty of money and credit cards
• Be sure your person keeps on schedule and fulfills all
  commitments
• Keep up with props, supplies of media kits, luggage,
  etc.
  Make notes of what follow-up is needed
• Keep clippings if you are in town long enough to get
  them
• Be responsive and sensitive to both sides
                      This is PR 11th Edition
                     Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
Talking back to the Media
• What to do when the media make a
  mistake:
  – Correct the mistake
  – Respond with an information campaign of
    your own to correct
  – If serious enough, a lawsuit might be
    necessary


                This is PR 11th Edition
               Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg

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Chapter10
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Chapter10

  • 1. Chapter 10 Tactics and Techniques This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 2. Objectives • To appreciate the distinctions among advertising, publicity, publications, annual reports and special events and understand the unique tactical and technical requirements for preparing messages for each • To recognize the best tactics and techniques for message presentation in the mass media that are available to public relations practitioners • To understand how media workers perform their jobs and the best ways that public relations practitioners can help them to do so • To develop sensitivity to how cultural differences among audiences can affect the way public relations messages are interpreted and perceived This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 3. Primary PR Tactics • Advertising • Publicity • Hybrids that include a bit of both This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 4. Advertising • Paid-for time or space • Except for PSAs, which is time and space donated to a nonprofit organization or cause • May look like publicity: Special section that includes what looks like editorial copy as well as ads • Controlled media This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 5. Publicity • Handled by editorial staffs of news media • Is editorial copy • Is uncontrolled media This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 6. Line Between Advertising and PR • Blurring further as traditional media are used in more unusual ways and consumers of media lose their ability to distinguish between “fair and unbiased” news messages and information that has not been “vetted” by journalists in their traditional role • “Digital Natives”: get their news from Web portals and from Web media such as blogs This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 7. Special Editorial Sections • Combination of advertising and publicity • Display advertising • Editorial copy devoted to a particular topic or event, written by or for those who have paid for the display ads • May look very much like “regular” print content • Broadcast version is an advertorial or infomercial This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 8. Public Service Announcements • Referred to as PSAs • Criticism of use and misuse remains • Publicity-generated copy • Placed through advertising staff (print) or public service director (radio and TV) • Space or time donated by media to nonprofit organizations or nonprofit events sponsored by commercial organizations This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 9. Preparing Successful Ads • Be clear about purpose • Be clear about public you are targeting • Use an organization’s logo to create identity with the ad unless it might be misunderstood in cross-cultural communication • Be cautious with the use of humor, making comparisons or using negative comments This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 10. Publications as Publicity • Brochures • In-house magazines, newspapers, newsletters • Annual reports • All may be used to generate publicity This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 11. Producing Brochures • Determine purpose and audience • Determine distribution (check with U.S. Postal Service) • Visualize with a mockup what the brochure might look like • Determine what needs to be said and whether it can best be said with text or visuals This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 12. Producing Brochures (cont.) • Decide about design features: color, paper, typeface • Create text and gather visuals • Enlist layout artist or handle design and layout directly using a computer • Obtain printer estimates • Proofread, edit, proofread again • Print • Distribute This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 13. Producing House Publications • Distribute to employees or members of internal audiences • Determine purpose • Determine budget • Determine format - newsletter, tabloid, magazine – after studying media habits of audience • Determine distribution This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 14. Producing House Publications (cont.) • Develop content: both what audience wants to know and what it needs to know – Questionnaires or other research techniques can be used to survey audience – May use employee/member correspondents or PR staff only • Prepare a mockup of text, visuals, cover • Obtain printer estimates • Design, edit, proof • Print and distribute This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 15. Producing Annual Reports • Is shared task of PR and financial officer • PR is communications expert responsible for design and language • Financial person is fiscal expert responsible for content • Key consideration is report’s impact on priority publics: Investors, financial community, SEC This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 16. Producing Annual Reports (cont.) • Planning begins almost a year in advance • Report is a process almost as much as it is a publication • May be disturbed in printed form but also in digital and video formats and posted to organization’s Website • Separate version may be done for internal audiences This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 17. Contents of Annual Reports • Letter from the CEO • Auditor’s report • Financial statements • Narrative section commenting on year’s operations and accomplishments • Photos and charts • Best also to include an “executive summary” that boils everything down to a clear, concise summary This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 18. Speeches as Publicity • Executive speech may receive one-time media coverage • Speech may be videotaped and distributed to target audiences or posted on Web • Text of speech may be reprinted in brochure format and distributed to target audiences • Copies of speech may be distributed internally This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 19. Speech Checklist • Set up a day ahead • Find out what events are going on next door and get them, or your event, moved if there will be noise distractions • Check out the sound system • Check out the lighting • Check out access to electrical outlets for broadcast • Check out projection, computer systems • Make sure proper chairs, tables, etc., are on hand and placed correctly • Arrange for water and glasses • Locate nearest restrooms, telephones • Prepare name tags This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 20. Speech Checklist (cont.) • Set up registration area and have list of invited guests • Provide place cards or seating charts • Prepare an agenda/program of all activities to take place during the event and distribute to participants • Have writing materials available for last-minute notes • Prepare information kits for attendees • Have easy-to-read clock • Be sure all computer components are compatible This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 21. Special Events as Publicity • Speeches • Open houses • Celebrations • Celebrity visits • Conventions or trade shows This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 22. Planning Special Events • Start planning early – For large events, a year in advance is not too soon • Create a blueprint plan and timetable – Assign every detail – Walk through the event to make sure you don’t overlook anything • Form committees or groups to implement the plan This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 23. Planning Special Events (cont.) • Use company artists, designers, copywriters, exhibit specialists, etc., when they exist and are available • Provide special attractions to ensure attendance: Celebrities, concerts, exhibits, tours, awards, prizes, etc. • Provide giveaways and souvenirs • Arrange to move people to and from the event • Publicize the event well in advance using advertising to supplement as necessary • Thank everyone when the event is over This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 24. Visual Presentations • Using easel pads – Remember to provide markers – Plan ahead for how to display multiple pages if you want people to see all ideas jotted down • Using overhead projectors – Transparencies must be readable from a distance – Few words, lots of charts, graphs, visuals This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 25. Visual Presentations (cont.) • Using PowerPoint slides – Type size should be large for legibility – Provide handout that is copy of slides used – May be transferred to CD or digital file for further distribution This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 26. Audio Presentations • Thoroughly test equipment • Rent high-quality equipment if the equipment provided by the meeting space is poor • Keep the presentation simple and direct for easy understanding This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 27. Institutional Video • Be specific about needs: audience, purpose, etc. • May be done by in-house staff or outside specialists • May be video version of previously produced printed publication like annual report This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 28. Judging Video Quality • Attention span: gripping? interesting? • Subject: adequately covered? • Audience suitability: properly targeted? • Visuals: quality? clarity? • Timeliness: visuals, text up to date? • Talent: participants, actors believable? • Sound: appropriate? balanced? • Editing: flow? pace? • Script content: right quantity of words vs. visuals? • Believability: honest? plausible? This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 29. Celebrity Appearances • Presence guarantees publicity • May make arrangements through agent or through organization with which celebrity is involved • Request bio info, photos for pre-appearance publicity • Provide all background information to celebrity or agent • Provide special amenities: from limo to special foods to special host or “handler” • Develop a schedule and stick to it This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 30. Successful Publicity • Is it important to the medium's audience? • Is it local if a local medium? • Is it timely? • Is it accurate, truthful and complete? This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 31. Judging Value of Publicity Information • Does it have news value? • Does it have human interest? • Does it have humor? • Does it meet the needs of the media? • Is it being delivered to the media at an appropriate time in their schedules? This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 32. PR Wire and Video Services • Carry PR news directly into newsrooms, often computer to computer • Distribute both text and video releases • Can result in national, even international, coverage • Can also result in greater credibility for PR sources because material is carefully checked before transmission • Some include clipping, videotaping, monitoring services • May deliver digital photos as well as text • Disadvantage: don’t always know who received This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 33. Public Relations and the Internet • A “network of networks” that no one manages • Distributes text but also sound and video content • Many organizations maintain Websites that are used for communication, sales, etc. This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 34. Websites • Method of attractively presenting organization to millions around the world • Consulting, Web design firms available to develop sites if in-house capability lacking • Has 24/7 nature so is available on demand • Cheaper than most advertising and publicity • Web manager must constantly update, correct • Need to develop happy medium between breadth and depth This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 35. Working with the Media • Requires some basic training in journalistic techniques for gathering, reporting information • Requires being able to identify news • Requires keeping background, historical, factoid material ready at all times • Requires familiarity with intended media target: style, timing, content focus This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 36. Materials for Media • News releases – Must identify with target media’s definition of news – Must be prepared in appropriate style, form – Must be prepared with media schedules in mind • Photos, illustrations – Some media will accept; others prefer to take their own – Be careful of arrangement as to who owns photos or illustrations – Know media specifications This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 37. Materials for Media (cont.) • Video news releases – Often outsourced to enhance international distribution • Information based on promotions – Often referred to as “marketing PR” • Image marketing • Publicity spin-offs • Celebrity spin-offs This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 38. Publicizing Special Events • Establish a timetable to ensure all details are addressed • Prepare a mailing list for media and guests • Plan the promotional plan in detail: Which information will go to which media and in what formats • Consider all formats of information: advertising, publicity, letterhead, invitations, posters, etc. This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 39. Publicizing Special Events (cont.) • Develop media kit: mailed in advance, handed out at event, mailed after the fact to no-shows • Set up newsroom if live coverage is anticipated • After the event send clipping, stories for special, trade publications and special audiences such as shareholders to extend coverage This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 40. Contents of Media Kit • Fact sheet for organization • Fact sheet on occasion • Background and photos of people involved • Background on organization and on event or situation • Program or schedule of events • Complete list of participants • Straight new story • Feature story • Page of facts about event or organization • Visual materials such as logos • Information on cooperating organizations This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 41. Relationships with the Media • Good PR person knows a journalist’s job almost as well as the journalist • Good PR person knows which specific journalists cover his/her organization, industry, etc. and maintains contact even when there is no news • Good PR person develops a media list of relevant reporters, editors and keeps it current This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 42. Relationships with the Media (cont.) • Good PR person is available to a journalist whenever the journalist needs information or assistance • Good PR person immediately responds to media requests or needs This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 43. Relationships with Production Pros • Good PR person knows and understands the production process for print, broadcast, digital media • Good PR person is able to articulate clearly what he/she want • Good PR person understands that the higher the quality of the work desired, the higher the cost This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 44. Relationships with Other PR Pros • An in-house PR practitioner may have to work with an agency brought in for a special project or event, • Who is responsible for what must be spelled out immediately to avoid confusion and misunderstanding between the client and PR services provider This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 45. Relationships with Freelancer • PR person may be asked by freelancer to provide information and/or access – Check out freelancer’s legitimacy first – Make sure you both agree on the scope and focus of the article • PR person may hire freelancers to write for the organization This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 46. Contracts and Deadlines • PR person arranges contracts with suppliers of services: freelancers, printers, AV services • Everything needs to be spelled out, including deadlines • Meeting deadlines is essential for a smooth operation This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 47. Media Interviews • Role of PR practitioner – Preparer: briefs executive to be interviewed, provides information to reporter – Facilitator: arranges interview, provides follow- up information, materials – Clarifier: interprets facts, technical language • PR person should not inject himself/herself into the interview This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 48. Interview Guidelines • Select appropriate place for interview that is comfortable for interviewee • Allow sufficient time for interviewer to complete assignment • Know the topic of discussion and have supporting material and information on hand • Coach the interviewee beforehand as to what questions to expect This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 49. Interview Guidelines (cont.) • Know the reporter’s habits and quirks and brief the interviewee • Brief the reporter on the subject of the interview • Set ground rules for the interview and make sure both parties understand them – Is anything off the record? • Make sure the reporter gets the story he/she came for This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 50. Interview Guidelines (cont.) • Stay in the background. Don’t answer questions or intrude unless the subject begins to divulge information against company policy • Offer to provide answers to future questions that might arise • Do not ask the reporter when the story will run or ask him/her to send a copy This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 51. Rules for the Interviewee • Know the topic you’re going to discuss • Anticipate tough questions • Be honest • Answer questions directly and if you cannot say so • If you don’t know an answer, say you don’t know and offer to get the information and then follow up with it quickly This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 52. Rules for the Interviewee (cont.) • Keep the interview as relaxed and cordial as possible • Avoid off-the-record remarks • Don’t try to avoid answering questions that are public record • Offer help and additional information later if the journalist needs it This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 53. News Conferences • Schedule them only when legitimate news is involved • Choose a site and time convenient to news media • Cover the news conference for your own organization with videotaping, audio recording, etc. • Assemble and have available all background information This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 54. News Conferences (cont.) • Offer a story and visuals or sound bites to those media unable to attend • Rehearse your spokespeople • Share the results of your news conference with management immediately after the conference This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 55. Media Tours • Become thoroughly familiar with the people you will meet • Be sure all arrangements are firm • Take plenty of money and credit cards • Be sure your person keeps on schedule and fulfills all commitments • Keep up with props, supplies of media kits, luggage, etc. Make notes of what follow-up is needed • Keep clippings if you are in town long enough to get them • Be responsive and sensitive to both sides This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg
  • 56. Talking back to the Media • What to do when the media make a mistake: – Correct the mistake – Respond with an information campaign of your own to correct – If serious enough, a lawsuit might be necessary This is PR 11th Edition Newsom, Turk and Kruckeberg