1. POLYMER SCIENCE
-:PRESENTED BY:-
PRADIP GHORI
M.PHARM I YEAR
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
M.M.C.P
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2. CONTENTS:
• INTRODUCTION
• IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS
• POLYMER CLASSIFICATION
• APPLICATIONS
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3. INTRODUCTION:
The word is derived from Greek word
‘poly’ means ‘many’
‘meros’ means ‘parts’
The basic unit is known as monomer
Definition:
Polymer is composed molecules with large
molecular mass, composed of repeating
structural units or monomers connected by
covalent chemical bonds.
The process used for this is known as
‘POLYMERIZATION’
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4. Polymerization
 the use of heat, pressure or a chemical
catalyst to link monomer material into
polymer chains.
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5. IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS:
• Should be Inert
• Should be compatible with environment.
• Should be Nontoxic
• Easy and inexpensive to fabricate the
dosage form.
• Should have good mechanical strength.
• Should be inexpensive.
• Readily unavailable.
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6. Factors that affects Physical properties
of polymer:
1. Degree of polymerization
2. Molar mass distribution
3. Crystallinity
4. Branching
5. Stereo regularity:
- isoelecric arrangement of function group
on backbone of carbon skeleton.
6. Strength may vary with temperature
and formulation
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7. CLASSIFICATION
1.Simple classification
2.Based on their interaction with water
3.Based upon linkage
4.Based on method of polymerization
5.Based on polymerization mechanisms
6.Based on composition.
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8. Simple classification of polymer:
POLYMERS
NATURAL SYNTHETIC
Biodegradable Non biodegradable
glycosides and its polymers
polyanhydrides Acrolein, epoxy polymers
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
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9. 2. Based on their interaction with water
POLYMER
Non Hydro gels Soluble Biodegradable
biodegradable polymer
-Natural
-PVC -PVP -HPMC e.g.. Albumin
-PVA -PEG Gelatin
-Synthetic
e.g.. PLA
PGA
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10. 3.Based upon linkage:
A. Thermoplastics:
e.g. PVA, PVC
a. Linear polymer:
A'-(A)X-2-A''
where x = degree of polymerization
A' & A''=terminal groups
b. Branched polymers:
A'-(A)n-y- (A)n'-y-
(A)n (A)n
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11. B. Thermostatic:
c. Cross linked polymers
e.g. epoxy glue, styrene monomer
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12. 4.Based on method of polymerization:
A. Addition polymer:
Here the repeating units of the polymer
have the same molecular formula. They are
prepared by polymerization of monomers.
B. Condensation polymer:
Here polymer are formed by successive
reaction of functional group.
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13. 5. Based on polymerization
mechanisms:
1.Chain polymerized polymer:
involves initiation, propagation, and
termination.
2.Step growth polymerized polymer:
no discrete initiation, propagation takes
place but instead involves sp. Reaction b/w
functional group.
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14. addition Condensation
Example Polystyrene Nylon
Empirical formula No change from Changes as byproduct
monomer. (often water) is given
off.
How grows One monomer at a Monomer + dimer,
time hexamer +
octadecamer, etc.
Molecular weight Wide range: can be Low (except
very high biopolymers)
Synonym Chain growth Step growth
polymerization polymerization
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15. Addition: one monomer at a time
Also called chain growth.
Condensation: anything goes!
Also called step growth.
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16. 6. Based on composition:
A. Homopolymer:
e.g. Polyethylene, polystyrene
like -A-A-A-A-
-
B. Copolymer:
e.g. Silicone, Ethyl cellulose
like -A-B-A-B-A-B-
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17. 7.Biopolymers: Nucleic Acids
Ribose sugar OH 5'
Base 3' O O P O
H
O P O H3C O ..... H N
N O
O
OH CH2
O P O T N H ...... N A O
OH N
O O O N
H2C OH
U O
O N N H O O P O
H2C O P O H O
N
O OH O ... H N
O O CH2
N
O P O O G N H ........ N C
OH N O
H2C N N OH
OH
G N O NH ......... O O P O
N
CH2 O N O
O P O H
NH2 N N H ..... O CH3
O O CH2
OH
O P O N A
OH
O N ........ H N T OH
OH N NH H2C N N
O P O
A O O
H2C O N N H O
N O P O N H .. O N
O O CH2
OH C N .....
O P O H N G N
OH N
OH O N
H2C O .... H N O 3'
NH2
H
H2C O C O
N N
O O P O
O P O O O
OH 5'
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RNA DNA 17

18. Applications of polymer in formulation
of controlled drug delivery system:
1. ORAL DELIVERY SYSTEM:
Here the drug gets released at controlled rate when
administered orally. For that several mechanisms are
Involved.
 Osmotic pressure controlled GI deliver system.
 Gel diffusion controlled GI delivery system
 Mucoadhesive GI delivery system
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19. 1.Osmotic Pressure Controlled delivery
system:
Semi permeable membrane made from biocompatible
polymers
e.g. cellulose acetate
2. Gel diffusion controlled delivery system:
Fabricated from gel forming polymers
e.g. CMC.
3. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system:
It is capable of producing an adhesion interaction with
a biological membrane.
e.g. carbopol.
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20. 2.TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM:
Mostly used when the medicaments are applied on
topical route. It is easily removable when termination
of treatment is needed or else in case of condition of
toxicity is seen.
e.g. Transdermal patch of scopolamine, nitro glycerin.
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21. 3. OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM:
It allows prolonged contact of drug with
orneal surface of eye.
Highly viscous suspension and emulsion
are served to have such purpose but these
preparations don’t achieve this purpose at
a controlled rate.
Many ocular drug delivery formulations
developed which continuously release the
drug at a controlled rate
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22. The best example is ocular insert/ocusert
developed to delivered pilocarpine in the
treatment of glaucoma
Example of pilocarpine ocusert
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23. 4.Other applications:
Drug Delivery and the Treatment of
Diabetes: Here the polymer will act as
Barrier between blood stream and insulin
e.g. of polymer- N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate
or polyacrylamide.
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24. Drug delivery of various contraceptives
and hormones:
e.g. Medroxy progesterone acetate releasing
vaginal contraceptive rings.
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25. Various uses of polymer in
pharmaceutical sciences:
• Formulation of matrix tablets
• Formulation of nanoparticles
• Formulation of solid dispersion
• In targeted drug delivery system
• In a preparation of Polypeptide Vesicles
for drug Delivery
• In a formulation of Cross linked Polymer
micelles for Cancer Therapeutics
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26. REFERENCES
• The eastern pharmacist August-1998;
Vol no 41.
• Novel drug delivery systems
Y. W.Chien & Dekker
• www.google.com
• www.toodoc.com
• Encyclopedia of controlled drug
delivery systems.
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27. THANK YOU…
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