TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
French basics & grammar updated
1. What are the similarities and differences
between English and French?
SIMILARITIES:
1. The alphabets are the same
DIFFERENCES:
1. The pronunciation is different
2. There are accents (/; ; ..; ^; , over the
vowels)-primarily used to change their sound
3. The formal and informal way of speaking
4. There is feminine and masculine gender for all
nouns whether people or things
2. Je = I 1st per. sing.
Tu = you 2nd per. sing.
Il = he/it 3rd per. sing
Elle = she/it
Nous = we 1st per. plu.
Vous = you 2nd per. plu.
Ils = they 3rd per. Plu.,
Elles = they
3. Bonjour = good morning /good day/hello
Bonne journée = have a nice day
Bonsoir = good evening
Bonne soirée = have a nice evening
Bon après midi = good after noon
Bonne nuit = good night
Salut = hi / bye
au revoir = Bye, bye
Adieu = good bye / farewell
4. A bientôt = see you soon
A demain = see you tomorrow
A plus tard = see you later
A la prochaine = until we meet next
Bonne anniversaire = happy birthday
Bonne chance = good luck
Bon voyage = happy journey
Bon année = happy new year
Bonne route = have a safe journey
Bonne nouvelle année = happy new year
Joyeux Noël = merry christmas
5. Monsieur = mister/sir
Madame = madam
Mademoiselle = miss
Homme = man
Femme = woman / wife
Dame = lady
Garçon = boy
Fille = girl
6. • Comment allez-vous ? (formal)
• Comment ça va ? = how are you ?
• Comment vas-tu ?
• Je vais bien, merci
• Ça va bien, merci =I am fine, thank you
• Comment vous appelez-vous? (formal)
• Comment t’appelles-tu ?
• Comment tu t’appelles ?= what is your name?
• Je m’appelle ……….. = My name is………
7. Quel âge avez-vous?
Quel âge as-tu ? how old are you?
J’ai dix ans = I am ten years old
Où habitez-vous?
Où habites-tu ? where do you live?
J’habite à ……… = I live in ………..
Merci = thank you
De rien = no mention
S’il vous plait = please
8. Aujourd’hui = today
Hier = yesterday
Demain = tomorrow
Maintenant = now
Jour = day
Journée = the whole day
Matin = morning
Matinée = the whole morning
Midi = noon
Après midi = afternoon
Soir = evening
Soirée = the whole evening
Nuit = night
Minuit = midnight
9. • Père = father
• Mère = mother
• Sœur = sister
• Frère = brother
• Oncle = uncle
• Tante = aunt
• Cousin = cousin
• Grand-père = grand father
• Grand-mère = grand mother
10. C’est = this is / that is / it is
Ce n’est pas = this is not/ that is not / it is not
Ce sont = these are / those are
Ce ne sont pas = these are not / those are not
Il y a = there is/ there are
Y a-t-il = is there
Il n’y a pas = there is not
Voilà = there /there you are/ there it is etc…
Voici = here / here it is etc……
• Moi = me
• Toi = You
• Et = and
11. Qui est-ce? = Who is this?/who are these
Qu’est-ce-que c’est? = what is this ?/ what are these
Qui = who
Comment = how / what
Que / qu’est ce que = what
Où = where
Quand = when
Pourquoi = why
Combien de/d’ = how much / how many
Quel / quelle = which / what
Quoi = what
12. Avoir (to have)
J’ai ( I have)
Tu as (you have)
Il a (he has)
Elle a (she has)
Nous avons (we have)
Vous avez (you have)
Ils ont (they have)
Elles ont (they have)
13. Etre (to be)
Je suis ( I am)
tu es (you are)
il est (he is)
elle est (she is)
nous sommes (we are)
vous êtes (you are)
ils sont (they are)
elles sont (they are)
14. •Aller (to go)
•Je vais (I go)
•tu vas (you go)
•il va (he goes)
•elle va (she goes)
• nous allons (we go)
•vous allez (you go)
• ils vont (they go)
• elles vont (they go)
15. In French the verbs are divided into 2
groups namely “regular” and “irregular”
verbs.
The regular verbs are again divided into 3
groups based on their endings.
They are : verbs ending in ER, ending in IR
and verbs ending in RE . Example : Parler,
Finir, Vendre
16. For example let us take the verb « Parler »
The following are the steps for conjugation:
#1- remove the ending from the verb
Parler parl (radical)
#2 add the endings e, es, e, ons, ez ,ent respectively
to the subject pronouns
Je = I
Tu = you
Il = he
Elle = she
Nous = we
Vous = you
Ils = they
Elles = they
17. Je parle (I speak)
Tu parles(you speak)
Il/elle parle(he/she speaks)
Nous parlons (we speak)
Vous parlez (you speak)
Ils/elles parlent (they speak)
And all the verbs belonging to this group(-er)
can be conjugated in this manner
18. For example let us take the verb “Finir”
The following are the steps for
conjugation:
#1- remove the ending « ir » from the
verb
Finir fin (radical)
#2 add the endings : is, is, it, issons,
issez and issent respectively to the
subject pronouns
19. Je finis
Tu finis
Il/elle finit
Nous finissons
Vous finissez
Ils/elles finissent
And all the verbs belonging to this group(-
ir) can be conjugated in this manner
20. Most of the 3rd group verbs are irregular
however, a few of them can be considered as
regular. They are:
« Vendre (to sell ) » ; « attendre (to wait) » ;
« défendre (to defend) » ; « entendre (to hear) »
; « rendre (to return) » ; « répondre (to
answer) » ; « descendre (to get down) » etc…
Now let us take the verb “vendre”
The following are the steps for conjugation:
#1- remove the ending « re » from the verb
Vend re vend (radical)
#2 add the endings : s, s, -, ons, ez and ent
respectively to the subject pronouns
21. Je vends
Tu vends
Il/elle vend
Nous vendons
Vous vendez
Ils/elles vendent
And all the verbs belonging to this group(-
re) can be conjugated in this manner
22. Remember most of the 3rd group verbs have
irregular conjugations and have to be learnt
individually, you could however find your
own way of making a pattern for conjugation
when you learn the verbs.
“