There are 5 main categories of science: physical science, earth science, formal sciences, social sciences, and life science. Each category has several divisions. Physical science includes physics and chemistry and studies non-living systems. Earth science researches the planet Earth and includes disciplines like geology, oceanography, and meteorology. Formal sciences focus on formal logic-based systems and include fields like mathematics, statistics, and computer science. Social sciences examine society and include anthropology, economics, political science, and sociology. Life science is the scientific study of living organisms and comprises biology, zoology, botany, and related fields. Technology is the application of knowledge and tools to solve problems and can help humans adapt to and control
6. Physical science
Physical Science is an encompassing term for
the branches of natural science and science
that study non-living systems, in contrast to
the life sciences. However, the term "physical"
creates an unintended, somewhat arbitrary
distinction, since many branches of physical
science also study biological phenomena.
There is a difference between physical science
and physics
8. Earth science
Earth science (also known as geosciences, the
geosciences or the Earth sciences) is an all-embracing term
for the sciences related to the planet Earth.[ It is arguably a
special case in planetary science, the Earth being the only
known life-bearing planet. There are
both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth sciences.
The formal discipline of Earth sciences may include the
study of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, oceans and
biosphere, as well as the solid earth. Typically Earth
scientists will use tools from physics, chemistry,
biology, geography, chronology and mathematics to build a
quantitative understanding of how the Earth system works,
and how it evolved to its current state.
10. Formal sciences
The formal sciences are the branches of knowledge that are
concerned with formal systems, such
as logic, mathematics, theoretical computer
science, information theory, systems theory, decision
theory, statistics, and some aspects of linguistics.
• Unlike other sciences, the formal sciences are not
concerned with the validity of theories based
on observations in the real world (empirical knowledge),
but rather with the properties of formal systems based
on definitions and rules. Methods of the formal sciences
are, however, essential to the construction and testing
of scientific models dealing with observable reality, and
major advances in formal sciences have often enabled
major advances in the empirical sciences.
12. Social science
• The social sciences are
the fields of scholarship that study society. "Social
science" is commonly used as an umbrella
term to refer to a plurality of fields outside of
the natural sciences. These
include: anthropology, archaeology, business
administration, communication, criminology, eco
nomics, education, government, linguistics, intern
ational relations, political
science, psychology (especially social
psychology), sociology and, in some
contexts, geography, history and law.
14. Life science
Life science comprises the branches of science
that involve the scientific study of living
organisms, like plants, animals, and human
beings. However, the study of behavior of
organisms, such as practiced in ethnology and
psychology, is only included in as much as it
involves a clearly biological aspect. While biology
remains the centerpiece of life science,
technological advances in molecular biology and
biotechnology have led to a burgeoning of
specializations and new, often interdisciplinary,
fields.
16. • Technology (from Greek τέχνη, techne, "art, skill,
cunning of hand"; and -λογία, -logia) is the making,
modification, usage, and knowledge
of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and
methods of organization, in order to solve a
problem, improve a pre-existing solution to a
problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied
input/output relation or perform a specific function.
It can also refer to the collection of such tools,
including machinery, modifications, arrangements
and procedures.
17. • Technologies significantly affect human as well
as other animal species' ability to control and
adapt to their natural environments. The term
can either be applied generally or to specific
areas: examples include construction
technology, medical technology,
and information technology.
18. • The human species' use of technology began
with the conversion of natural resources into
simple tools. The prehistorical discovery of the
ability to control fire increased the available
sources of food and the invention of
the wheel helped humans in travelling in and
controlling their environment.
19. • . Recent technological developments,
including the printing press, the telephone,
and the Internet, have lessened physical
barriers to communication and allowed
humans to interact freely on a global scale.
However, not all technology has been used for
peaceful purposes; the development
of weapons of ever-increasing destructive
power has progressed throughout history,
from clubs to nuclear weapons.