1. So you’re about to start working with some of the most precious children you’ll ever come into contact with….. Click here to advance to the NEXT slide!!
2. … .and you have a tremendous opportunity to use behavior analysis to improve a young person’s life…..
3. … .with discrete trial procedures being the tool for this gratifying success…..
4. … .so let’s learn how to properly administer discrete trials and really make a difference!!
5. The Building Blocks Reinforcer Behavior Analysis Discrete Trial Discriminative Stimulus (S D ) Reinforcement Stimulus Indirect-acting Consequence Prompt Hierarchy of Prompts Direct-acting Consequence
6. The Building Blocks Reinforcer: Any stimulus, event, or condition whose presentation immediately follows a response and increases the frequency of that response.
7. The Building Blocks Direct-acting Consequence: Any outcome that follows a response by 60-seconds or less. Note: All non-verbal behavior is controlled by direct-acting consequences.
8. The Building Blocks Direct-acting Consequence: Any outcome that follows a response by 60-seconds or less. Remember!! Most of the children you’re going to be working with at WoodsEdge are non-verbal, hence only controlled by direct-acting consequences!
9. The Building Blocks Indirect-acting Consequence: Any outcome that follows a response by more than 60-seconds. Remember!! Most of the children you’re going to be working with at WoodsEdge are non-verbal , hence are not controlled by indirect-acting consequences!
11. The Building Blocks Prompt: A supplemental stimulus that raises the probability of a correct response.
12. The Building Blocks Discriminative Stimulus (S D ): A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will be reinforced or punished.
13. The Building Blocks Reinforcement: The immediate, response-contingent presentation of a reinforcer resulting in an increased frequency of that response.
14. The Building Blocks Hierarchy of Prompts: The correction procedure delivered within 3 seconds of the child failing to respond or immediately after the child makes an incorrect response.
15. The Building Blocks Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”) -wait 3 seconds for child to perform the task independently … .if the child doesn’t respond correctly within 3 seconds, then go on to the next prompt. The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of:
16. The Building Blocks The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of: Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”) Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to faucet handle) -wait 3 seconds for child to perform the task independently … .if the child doesn’t respond correctly then go on to the next prompt.
17. The Building Blocks The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of: Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”) Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to faucet handle) Partial Physical Prompt (e.g. nudge child’s wrist) -wait 3 seconds for child to perform the task independently … .if the child doesn’t respond correctly then go on to the next prompt.
18. The Building Blocks The Hierarchy of Prompts consists of: Verbal Prompt (e.g. “water on”) Gestural Prompt (e.g. point to faucet handle) Partial Physical Prompt (e.g. nudge child’s wrist) Full Physical Prompt (i.e. guide child to respond)
19. The Building Blocks Note: You DO NOT provide reinforcement for a corrected response!!
20. The Building Blocks Discrete Trial: The occasion for a response (i.e. the S D ), the response, and the outcome of that response.
21. The Building Blocks Behavior Analysis: The study of the operation of the principles of behavior with both human beings and other animals.
22. Activity #1 You do not need to write these answers down, but remember to complete the homework before class Given a definition or a related question, select the term that best matches the given definition or question.
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53. NICE JOB!!! Now let’s learn more about discrete trials….
63. Discrete Trial Example!! The S D : The response: The consequence: “ Nice job playing with the car, Johnny!!” “ Johnny, play with the car.” Johnny plays with the car.
64. Activity #2 Given a description of a discrete trial, select the correct name of the highlighted part of the trial being described.
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77. Activity #3 Given a description of a series of events, select whether those events constitute a discrete trial .
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84. NICE JOB!!! Now let’s learn how to discriminate a correct discrete trial from an incorrect discrete trial…
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87. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #1: Check the presumed reinforcer first.
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90. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial Complete the next two steps PRIOR to delivering the instructions (S D ) to the child…
91. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #2: Make sure the child has stopped manipulating their preferred reinforcer and/or the objects used in the procedure. PRIOR to delivering the instructions (S D )…
92. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #2: Make sure the child has stopped manipulating their preferred reinforcer and/or the objects used in the procedure. HINT!! You can get most of the children to do this by saying “Quiet Hands”.
93. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #3: Make sure the child is looking at you or the appropriate stimulus used in the procedure PRIOR to delivering the instructions (S D )…
94. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial So now that you have a TRUE reinforcer and the child’s FULL attention...
95. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial … .let’s learn the steps to correctly deliver the instructions (S D ) !!
96. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #4: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) exactly as it is written in the child’s procedures, with no additional prompts.
97. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice.
98. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. In other words: without smiling, laughing, or anything else that may be reinforcing to the child.
99. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. … smiling, laughing, “excited” tones, etc. should be used as reinforcing consequences and paired with praise.
100. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. So, let’s see an S D delivered INCORRECTLY (i.e. without a neutral tone of voice)
101. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose!!!” #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice.
102. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose!!!” #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. Notice how the instructions were given with an excited tone while smiling …
103. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose.” #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. Now let’s see an S D delivered CORRECTLY (i.e. with a neutral tone of voice)…
104. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. “ Susie, touch your nose.”
105. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial “ Susie, touch your nose!!!” #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice. Notice how the S D is delivered with a neutral tone with no reinforcing facial expressions (e.g. smiling, laughing)
106. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial So now what do you do once the child makes a response to your instructions (S D )??
107. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6: Reinforce only the correct behavior of the child (as listed in the procedures).
108. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6: Reinforce only the correct behavior of the child (as listed in the procedures). Remember!! Use the Hierarchy of Prompts for all incorrect behaviors…
109. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6: Reinforce only the correct behavior of the child (as listed in the procedures). … and DO NOT provide reinforcement for a corrected response!!
110. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #7: Deliver the outcome (either a reinforcer or the proper correction procedure) within 1 second of the child’s response.
111. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial Let’s review all of the steps once again…
112. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #1: Check the presumed reinforcer first.
113. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #2: Make sure the child has stopped manipulating their preferred reinforcer and/or the objects used in the procedure. PRIOR to delivering the instructions (S D )…
114. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #3: Make sure the child is looking at you or the appropriate stimulus used in the procedure PRIOR to delivering the instructions (S D )…
115. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #4: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) exactly as it is instructed in the child’s procedures, with no additional prompts.
116. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #5: Deliver the instructions (the S D ) with a neutral tone of voice.
117. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #6: Reinforce only the correct behavior of the child (as listed in the procedures).
118. How to Correctly Administer a Discrete Trial #7: Deliver the outcome (either a reinforcer or the proper correction procedure) within 1 second of the child’s response.
119. Activity #4 Given a description of TWO discrete trials, select which trial was administered correctly
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126. Activity #5 Given a description of a discrete trial, select the whether the trial was administered correctly or incorrectly
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130. Activity #6 Given a description of a discrete trial, select whether the trial was administered correctly or incorrectly…
131. Activity #6 cont. … THEN select, from the options given, WHY the trial was correct or incorrect.