1. There are several ways to talk about the future in English including the future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous tenses. 2. The present continuous and present simple can indicate future meaning with fixed or impersonal arrangements, while "be going to" and "will" express intentions and spontaneous decisions. 3. Specific uses include the future continuous for ongoing activities, future perfect for completed actions by a point in time, and future perfect continuous to emphasize duration of an activity in the future.

1. 1 FUTURE TENSES

2. List Diagram for the future 2

3. Casualfuture 3

4. Present Tenses (I am doing/I do) for the future 4

5. Present continuous (I am doing) with a future meaning I am doing something (tomorrow) = I have already decided and arranged to do it= fixed arrangement (definite future arrangement). You can also use the present continuous for an action just before you begin to do it, especially with verbs of movement (go/come/leave, etc.) Personal arrangement 5

6. Present simple (I do) with a future meaning We use the present simple when we talk about timetables, programmes etc. (for public transport, cinemas etc.) = fixed future event. There is no personal choice here. (no intention = impersonalarrangement) You can use the present simple to talk about people if their plans are fixed like a timetable but the continuous is more usual for personal arrangements. 6

7. Be going to 7

8. (I’m) going to (do) I amgoing to do something= I havealreadydecided to do it, I intend to do it. expressingintention to perform a certainfutureaction(personal plans and intentions). when the cause of a possible event is present(making a predictionbased on somepresentevidence) decisions about the futurethathavebeenalreadymade Premeditatedarrangement with intention, decision, plans and preparations. 8

9. Future Simple 9

10. Will (Futuresimple) We useI’ll (I will) when we decide to do somethingat the time of speaking (decisiontakenat the moment of speaking). offers, requests, promises, etc. and ability when one thingis the logicalsonsequence of another making a predictionbased on ouropinionorexperience habits of which the speaker disapproves. Unpremeditatedintention (spontaneousdecisions) 10

11. FutureContinuous 11

12. Will be doing(FutureContinuous) I will be doingsomething (futurecontinuous) = I will be in the middle of doingit Somethingthatispredicated to start before a particular point of futuretime, and thatmaycontinueafterthis point. Oftenitis the result of a previousdecisionorarrangement. Futureactivitythatis part of the normalcourse of eventsorthatis one of a repeatedorregularseries of events. Very formalrequests. When we don’t want to indicatewillingness, intention, invitation, etc. 12

13. Future Perfect 13

14. Willhavedone(Future Perfect) We usewillhavedone (Future Perfect) to saythatsomethingwillalready be ended, completed, orachievedat a particular point in the future. expressinganassumption. 14

15. Future Perfect Continuous 15

16. Willhavebeendoing(Future Perfect Continuous) We usefutureperfectcontinuous to emphasise the duration of anactivity in progressat a particular point in the future. 16

17. Be to +infinitive Be to +infinitiveiscommonlyused in news reports to talk abouteventsthatarelikely to happen in the nearfuture It isused to talk aboutformalorofficialarrangements, formalinstructions, and to giveorders. We ONLY use be to +infinitive to talk aboutfutureeventsthatcan be controlled by people 17

18. Future Time Clauses After time expressions: if, when,as soon as, after, before, by the time, immediately, the moment, until,till,while, etc.we use present simple although there is a future reference. Present perfect is also used instead of present simple to show completion.Notethat one thingmust be completebefore the other (so the twothingsdid not happentogether). Going to is also possible instead of will to show a future plan. We usewhen for thingswhicharesure to happen. We useif for thingsthatwillpossiblyhappen. 18 prepared by P.G.