The document defines different types of research including basic vs applied research, primary vs secondary research, formative vs evaluative research, and empirical vs theoretical research. It provides examples of different research methodologies like surveys, interviews, experiments, observations, and usability testing. Key aspects that define scholarly research are that it is grounded in literature, contributes new knowledge, and involves peer review.

1. Defining Research

2. Scholarly
Research

3. Survey of 1,000+
companies
about their use
of Web 2.0
technologies:
adoption, uses,
benefits,
concerns.
- Research methodology
relatively vigorous
- Data collected &
analyzed
- Not grounded in
research literature
- Not grounded in theory
- No contribution to the
greater body of
knowledge
- Self-published

4. - Research
methodology?
- Data collected &
analyzed
- Not grounded in
research literature
- Not grounded in theory
- No contribution to the
greater body of
knowledge
- No peer review

5. HP Labs: Study
of trending
topics on Twitter
shows that
mainstream
media drives
discussion on
Twitter.
- Research methodology
- Data collected &
analyzed
- Grounded in research
literature
- Grounded in theory
- Contribution to the greater
body of knowledge
- No peer review
- Self-published

6. Graduate
students
conduct
usability testing
to evaluate a
website’s
usability.
- Research methodology
Data collected &
analyzed
- Not grounded in
research literature
- Not grounded in theory
- No contribution to the
greater body of
knowledge
- Self-published

7. Paper proposes
theoretical
distinction
between crowds
and communities.
No data is
collected/analyz
ed.
- Grounded in research
literature
- Grounded in theory
- Contribution to the
greater body of
knowledge
- Peer reviewed

8. Scholarly
Research
 Grounded in scholarly research
literature
 Contributes to the greater body
of knowledge
 Peer reviewed

9. Some important distinctions
Basic / Applied
Primary / Secondary
Formative / Evaluative
Empirical / Theoretical

10. Basic Research
 Quest for
fundamental
understanding
 Develop concepts,
theories
Applied Research
 Attempts to solve
problems

11. Quest for
fundamental
understanding?
Yes
Pure basic
research
Use-inspired
basic research
(Pasteur)
No --
Pure applied
research
No Yes
Considerations of use

12. Some important distinctions
Basic / Applied
Primary / Secondary
Formative / Evaluative
Empirical / Theoretical

13. Primary Research
 Creates new
knowledge
Secondary Research
 Consumes existing
knowledge (e.g.
library research)

14. Some important distinctions
Basic / Applied
Primary / Secondary
Formative / Evaluative
Empirical / Theoretical

15. Formative Research
 Informs the creation
of a product,
process
Evaluative Research
 Evaluates a product,
process

16. Some important distinctions
Basic / Applied
Primary / Secondary
Formative / Evaluative
Empirical / Theoretical

17. Empirical Research
 Based on
experimentation or
observation of
phenomena / events
 Data collection &
analysis
 Data can be
quantitative or
qualitative; about
things or about people
Non-empirical Research
 Not based on
observation or
observable
phenomena
 Essays, critiques,
arguments,
conceptual/theoreti
cal discussion

18. How about… ?
survey
interview
experiment
observation
Usability testing
ethnography
What are these ?

19. Recipe for empirical
research: Ingredients
Topic (what
you want to
know)
Area of
Interest
Angle/persp
ective
Tools:
Methods

20. Recipe for empirical research:
Steps
1. Identify area of interest
2. Identify topic
3. Create research
questions / hypotheses
4. Choose your research
method
5. Plan your research
design
6. Collect data
7. Analyze data
8. Interpret and Discuss
data:
 Theoretical
implications (basic
research) and/or
 Implications for
practice (applied
research)

21. We stopped here.

22. Recipe for empirical
research article
1. Title
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Literature review
5. Methods
6. Results
7. Discussion
8. Conclusion
http://prconnections.net/2009/0
8/12/how-to-read-a-research-
article/

23. Dr. V’s literature search process
1

24. Dr. V’s literature search process
2
Refine keywords
Happy marriage
Marital satisfaction
Marital stability

25. Dr. V’s literature search process
3

26. Dr. V’s literature search process
4