1. Cambodia
Presentation

3. Cambodia Fast Fact
Area: 181,035 sq km
Population: 14 millions
Capital: Phnom Penh
Official Languages Khmer, French, English
Government: multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy
Religion: Buddhist , Muslim , other
Agriculture Rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca, silk

4. Cambodia
History in Short
600's - 1500's the Khmer civilization 1863 – F
1970 - Sihanouk is deposed 1975 – Year Zero
1993 –Election in Cambodia

5. Cambodia Political System (1863-Present)
No Year Political System Name Leader Influenced by
1 1863-1953 Monarchy
(Protectorate of
France)
French
Protectorate of
Cambodia
French
Indochina
French
2 1953-1970 Constitutional
Monarchy
Kingdom of
Cambodia
Norodom
Sihanouk
(PM)
Nonaligned
neutral
3 1970-1975 Republic Republic of
Kumpuchea
Lon Nol
Son Sann
American
4 1979-1980 Maoist Agro
Communism
Democratic
Kampuchea
(DK)
Khmer
Rouge:
Pol Pot
(Saloth Sar)
Ieng Sary
Noun Chea
Agrarian
socialism
Maoist Theory
Marxism-
Leninism
Communism
Extreme

6. Cambodia Political System (1863-Present)
No Year Political System Name Leader Influenced by
5 1979-1989 Communist Party
(Central and Local
committee)
People’s
Republic of
Kampuchea (
PRK
Pen Sovann
Chea Sim
Heng
Samrin
Hun Sen
Vietnamese
Soviet Union
(cold war and
Indochina)
6 1989-1991 Communist Party
(Central and Local
committee)
State of
Cambodia
(SC)
Chea Sim
Heng
Samrin
Hun Sen
Vietnamese
and Soviet
Union
7 1991-1993 United Nations
Transitional
Authority in
Cambodia
Supreme
National
Council
(SNC)
Sihanouk
Hun Sen
Khiev
Samphan
Son Sann
United Nation
8 1993-Present Constitutional
Monarchy
Kingdom of
Cambodia
Norodom
Ranariddh
Hun Sen
Independent

7. 12th century
The Largest religious
Temple in the world
was built, Angkor Wat
1963-1953
French Colonization
Rediscover of Angkor Ruins
9 November 1953,
Cambodia
Independent from
French
1975, The Killing
Field and Year Zero
1993, election
organized by UNTAC,
The end of civil war.

9. - 19th century, Cambodia was in the
midst of repression between Thailand
and Vietnam.
- King Norodom requested a French
protectorate over his kingdom.
- July 1863, Norodom signed a treaty
acknowledge a French protectorate over
the Kingdom
- The treaty remained the Cambodian
monarchy.
- French would appointed adviser for the
Kingdom called “Resident”
- However, France controlled the foreign
and trade relations as well as provide
military protection.
- The Kingdom of Siam (Thailand)
recognized Cambodia under the
protectorate of France and returned
province to Cambodia

10. - French Company was able to operate
freely in the Kingdom
- Cambodia still remain Buddhism
religion
- All the land own by the king and French
started to privatize the land in order to
get tax
- Land tax and other repression of the
French caused a lot of revolution
throughout the country
- One of the famous revolution was in
the early 1900s in Kompong Chhnang
called “Phum Derachhan” literally
called ៉the cruel village” by French
- The villagers killed the French residents
who came to collect the tax from the
poor.
- Corfield, J. (1997) The History of Cambodia.

12. - November 9, 1953. King Norodom Sihanouk succeed
in gaining Complete Independent from French with
diplomacy without blood shed
- 1953-1970 Constitutional Monarchy Under the leader
of
King Norodom (Sokum Reas Niyum)
- Sokum ReasNiyum litterally Popular Socialist
Community
- 1955 Sihounouk win 88% of seat at the NA
- The Neutral state was called (Island of Peace)
- Sokum Reas Niyum focus on development rather than
creating Army
- “He put his nation on a modern footing in the 1960s,
especially bolstering the education system” ( Becker
&
Mydan, 2012)
- Opening a sea port city in 1960 less depend on South
Vietnam sea port
- In the five years, Cambodia has been the recipient of
some $300 million in American military, economic,
and technical assistance. It has also received
considerable aid from France, the Soviet Union, and
Communist China.

14. Population 5,000,000
Agriculture Rice and Rubber
Trade France, United States, Malaya
Education Primary School (1957)= 1,032, 350,000 students
Religious Primary school= 1400, 75,000 students
Private Primary School= 204, 17,117 students
Armed Forces 35,000 men source: http://sophal.faithweb.com/CAMBODIA/1960.html

16. - Killing Fields refer to a number of sites in Cambodia where large number of
people were murdered and buried in the Khmer Rouge Regime
- Year Zero, applied to the overthrow of Cambodia in 1975 by Pol Pot/Khmer Rouge
- the Term was given by Francois Ponchaud who is a French Catholic Priest Missionary
-The idea behind Year Zero is that all culture and traditions within a society must
be completely destroyed or discarded and a new revolutionary culture must replace it,
starting from scratch.
- Most of the scholars like teacher, doctors and even artist were singled out.
-The Khmer Rouge government completely reform the Cambodia Society.
No religion, no school, no private
ownership
-Khmer Rouge Government turned the country into the
agrarian country
Estimated of 1.7 million people died in the regime

18. Around 20,002 mass grave sites was found by DC- Cam
At least 1,386,734victim of execution (Yale University)

20. - After the fall of Pol Pot, Cambodia was under the Vietnam Occupation. Cambodia still
have the civil war between the Phnom Penh Government and the Khmer Rouge and
Funcinpec (King)
- Cambodia Government in Phnom Penh Restored all the economic system focusing on
socialist ideology : planned economy with markets
- Introduce the pay based force
- State should buy agricultural products from the peasants and should sell them
manufactured goods at free-market prices according to the conference 1980
- A lot of plan was conducted to restore the country suffering from mass killing,
starvation, malnutrition
- “Under international pressure, Vietnam finally withdrew its occupying army from
Cambodia. This decision had also been forced by economic sanctions on Cambodia
(the US's doing), and by a cut-off in aid from Vietnam's own backer, the Soviet Union.”
Source: http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_cambodia2.html

21. - On October 23, 1991, all the parties signed on the most importance treaty to end the
civil war in Cambodia . The Paris Peace Accord.
- UN has the full authority to supervise a cease fire, returned the displaced Khmer along
the border with Thailand, disarm and demobilize the factional armies, and organize
the Election
- Funcinpec won, Hun Sen didn’t want to abandon the government.
- Cambodia has two prime ministers

22. Hun Sen, the second Prime Minister ousted Prince
Ranariddh, the first Prime Minister
The press called it the "bloody coup by strongman Hun
Sen”
Hun Sen accused the Prince who smuggled Khmer
Rouge Troop into Phnom Penh City
In 1998, Hun Sen won election however the election
organized by the National
Election Committee was allegedly claimed by the
International observer as flaw, violence
And lack of media access

24. Hun Sen, Cambodia People Party Kem Sokha and Sam Rainsy,
Cambodian National Rescue Party

25. -July 8, 2013 Cambodian Opposition Leader, Sam Rainsy vows to return
home
-July 10, 2013 US Politicians push to cut aid to Cambodia If election unfair
-July 12, 2013 The king Pardoned the president of Cambodian National
Rescue Party
-July 12, 2013 The United States on Friday welcomed a decision by
Cambodia's king to pardon opposition leader Sam Rainsy, allowing him to
return from self-imposed exile in France to participate in general
elections at the end of the month.

26. -Yesterday, Sam Rainsy returned to Cambodia after the King’s pardon last week
Over 10 thousands of crowd welcomed his return.
-28th July, Cambodian will cast their vote in the polling station.
The decision that expert questioned “ Is the Hun Sen era coming to an end?”

28. -According to the Economist, Cambodia rarely gets the chance to shine on the international
stage
-Cambodia is the member of ASEAN, United Nation and other international agencies such as
World bank, IMF, ADB and WTO.
-Dispute with the border countries such as Vietnam and Thailand regarding offshore island
And sections of the boundary with Vietnam
-The recent clash between Cambodia and Thailand over the 4.6 sqKm. Near the Preah Vihear
Temple still wait for the final decision from International Court in Holland.
- China’s geopolitical interest in Cambodia changed significantly with the end of the Cold
War. It remain the influence via the Late King Sihanouk. China provide billion of bilateral
aid to Cambodia without any condition while other Western Country use conditions as
mechanism influence the democracy in Cambodia

29. - While having long historical dispute with Cambodia,
Thailand is the main investor and the largest Import source.
- Japan is one of the largest donors in Cambodia. Prime
Minister Hun Sen visited Japan 2007,
and Signed on many agreement on promotion and
protection of investment between both
countries
- The US offers Cambodia quotas for importing the garment
products. However, America
Periodically ban Cambodia’s products or threat to cut aid
over the concern on political
freedom in Cambodia
- France who is the former colonial administrator still
continue influence Cambodia via
business and foreign Aid.

30. Population
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Population (in millions)
1960-2011

31. -4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Population Growth (annual %)
1960-2011

32. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Life Expectancy at Birth (total years)
1960-2011

33. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Fertility Rate (total births per woman)
1960-2011

34. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Adolscent Fertility Rate
(birth per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
1997-2011

35. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Poverty Headcount Ratio at National Poverty Line
(% of population) 1997-2011

36. Economy
$0.00
$2.00
$4.00
$6.00
$8.00
$10.00
$12.00
$14.00
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
GDP (in billion US dollars)
1960-2011

37. 0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
GDP growth (annual %)
1994-2011

38. $0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$6.00
$7.00
$8.00
Household Consumption Expenditure (in USD) Government Consumption Expenditure (in USD)
in billion USD

39. -0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Inflation Rate (annual %)
1994-2011

40. 76%
1%
6%
12%
Total Employment by Economic Activity
(2004 population)A. Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry
B. Fishing
C. Mining and Quarrying
D. Manufacturing
E. Electricity, Gas and Water Supply
F. Construction
G. Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods
H. Hotels and Restaurants
I. Transport, Storage and Communications
J. Financial Intermediation
K. Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities
L. Public Administration and Defence; Compulsory Social Security
M. Education
N. Health and Social Work
O. Other Community,Social and Personal Service Activities
P. Households with Employed Persons
Q. Extra-Territorial Organizations and Bodies

41. 0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
High Technology Exports
(% of manufactured exports)
2000-2011

42. $0.00
$1.00
$2.00
$3.00
$4.00
$5.00
$6.00
$7.00
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Net Primary Income from Abroad (in billion USD)
1987-2008

43. $0.00
$0.10
$0.20
$0.30
$0.40
$0.50
$0.60
$0.70
$0.80
$0.90
$1.00
Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows (in million USD)
1992-2011

44. Foreign Assistance
$0.00
$100.00
$200.00
$300.00
$400.00
$500.00
$600.00
$700.00
$800.00
$900.00
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Net Development Assistance/Official Aid Received
(in million USD) 1960-2011

46. 0 50 100 150
Japan
France
China
Sweden
Republic of Korea
Denmark
ODA
ODA
Official development Assistance (ODA)
Traditional aid donor Development Assistance Committee
: Japan, the USA, France, Sweden, Denmark
Non-DAC aid donor: South Korea and china

47. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
China
S. Korea
Like China, South Korea’s ODA to Cambodia has increased
significantly from 0.5 million in 1198 to 31.4 million USD in
2007.

48. Education
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary and
Secondary Education (%) 1971-2011

49. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Internet Users per 100 People
1990-2011

50. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Births Attended by Skilled Health Staff
(% of total births) 1998-2010
Health

51. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Improved Sanitation Facilities, Urban
(% of urban population with access) 1990-2010

52. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Improved Water Source
(% of population with access) 1990-2010

53. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Immunization to Measles
(% of children ages 12-23 months)
1984-2011

54. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Contraceptive Prevalence
(% of women 15-49) 1995-2010

55. 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Prevalence of HIV
(total % of population ages 15-49)
1990-2011

56. Happy Planet Index
Happy Planet Index (HPI) is an index of human well-being and
environmental impact that was introduced by the New
Economics Foundation (NEF) in July 2006
HPI is not a measure of which are the happiest countries in the
world
based on general utilitarian principles — that most people want
to live long and fulfilling lives
INDICATORS:
• low amount of natural resources required to sustain a
given country's lifestyle
• relatively high levels of life satisfaction, as measured in
surveys
• life expectancy at birth

57. Color signifies Highest rank
through to lowest rank; grey
indicates Information not
available . (2006)
Cambodia

58. 2006 2009