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Traffic, Pollution and Health Part 1:Monitors
- 1. Traffic, Pollution and Health City-wide vehicle emission monitoring plan for Ottawa and Alta Vista Drive pilot project draft – J une 9 , 2006
- 4. UK Air Pollution PM and to right Hours with O3 above 80 μg/m 3 http://tinyurl.com/aqura
- 5. UK Air Pollution Networks http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/reports/cat05/0408161000_Defra_AQ_Brochure_2004_s.pdf
- 6. London Air Quality Network http://www.londonair.org.uk/london/asp/home.asp
- 11. Local Air Quality Management Objectives - Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09) - February 2009 http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
- 12. Sources and Health Effects of Regulated Pollutants (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
- 13. Exceedences and percentiles (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
- 14. Emission Sources and Pollutants (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
- 15. Roadside Monitoring Locations (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
- 16. Exposure to Roadside NO2 Emissions (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
- 17. PM Emissions from Stoves (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
- 18. Equipment for Monitoring (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
- 19. Siting Criteria for Monitors (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
- 20. DIURNAL TRAFFIC FLOWS (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
- 21. Texas Air Quality Network http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/cgi-bin/compliance/monops/texas_aqi
- 22. AIRNow map showing PM2.5 concentrations http://alg.umbc.edu/usaq/
- 23. NOAA's National Weather Service Air Quality Forecast Guidance as 1-hr and 8-hr ozone concentration (in parts per billion or ppb) averages for Northeast US http://www.nws.noaa.gov/aq/
- 24. NOAA's National Weather Service Air Quality Forecast Guidance for Northeast US (zoomed) http://www.nws.noaa.gov/aq/sectors/northeast.php
- 25. Montreal Air Quality Network http://www.rsqa.qc.ca
- 26. CALCULATION OF MOBILE EMISSIONS ON A FINE GRID Coordinator: Michael Florian ( Centre for Research on Transportation , Environment Canada , Ministère des Transports du Québec ) October, 2005 Summary: a procedure that takes climate data entered by the user and calculates hourly polluting emissions on a fine (1 km) grid for the Metropolitan Montréal area - using Mobile6.2 EPA emissions model and EMME/2 traffic management model
- 27. Lower Fraser Valley Air Quality Monitoring Network http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/aqi/default.asp
- 28. Ontario MOE Air Quality Network http://www.airqualityontario.com/reports/aqi_site_map.cfm
- 29. Distribution of NO 2 in Toronto Ref : CMAJ • SEPT. 2, 2003; 169 (5) Relation between income, air pollution and mortality: a cohort study ( Finkelstein er al) http://www. cmaj .ca/ cgi /reprint/169/5/397.pdf http://tinyurl.com/7qvyu
- 30. NO2 Distribution- Toronto Ref:http://www.ehponline.org/members/2009/11533/11533.pdf "A Cohort Study of Traffic-related Air Pollution and Mortality in Toronto, Canada“ Jerrett et al(2009)
- 31. NO2 spatial distribution- Vancouver Ref: Spatial variations in estimated chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution in working populations: A simulation by Eleanor M Setton1 , C Peter Keller1 , Denise Cloutier-Fisher1 and Perry W Hystad2 (International Journal of Health Geographics 2008, 7:39) http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/7/1/39
- 36. Ultrafine particles near and on roads Jeff Brook, Meteorological Service of Canada, EC http://www.irr-neram.ca/about/May%2019%20Workshop/NERAM-Probe%20(Brook).ppt Windsor Busy Roads Number per cubic centimeter 401 Windsor to Toronto
- 37. Washington DC ozone and PM readings http://www2.nature. nps . gov /air/ webcams /parks/ nacccam / washcam . cfm
- 38. Plans and measures developed in Stuttgart to promote air quality: The Challenge of the new Environment Zone (roadside monitor) http://www.cities-for-mobility.net/index. php ?option=com_ docman &task=doc_download& gid =223& Itemid =131
- 39. Plans and measures developed in Stuttgart to promote air quality: The Challenge of the new Environment Zone (exceedances) http://www.cities-for-mobility.net/index. php ?option=com_ docman &task=doc_download& gid =223& Itemid =131
- 40. Plans and measures developed in Stuttgart to promote air quality: The Challenge of the new Environment Zone (sources PM10) http://www.cities-for-mobility.net/index. php ?option=com_ docman &task=doc_download& gid =223& Itemid =131
- 45. Air Quality Management in Hong Kong(2) http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/~activi/BAQ2002/BAQ2002_files/Proceedings/CityFocus/cf-7Leung2.pdf
- 48. East West Light Rail Env Assessment Project Area
- 54. Wood Burning Stoves and High PM Levels in Montreal Ref: Globe and Mail Feb. 5, 2009 http://tinyurl.com/bcm77p 47 per cent of the fine particulate matter in Quebec's air comes from fireplaces and wood stoves Environment Canada has issued 25 smog alerts for Montreal since the start of winter, 18 last month alone. The Lung Association says atmospheric pollution is responsible for 1,540 premature deaths in the Montreal region annually Montreal would prohibit the installation of wood stoves in new or existing homes. Stoves that burn wood pellets would still be allowed. The city's executive committee approved the wood-burning bylaw yesterday and will present it to city council on Feb. 23.
- 61. How to Deal with Different Health Outcomes? Monica Campbell, Environmental Protection Office, Toronto Public Health http://www.irr-neram.ca/about/May%2019%20Workshop/Monica%20Campbell%20talk.ppt Pyramid of Health Effects Toronto Annual Estimates for Inhalable Particulates (PM 10 ) Premature mortality (acute) 177 Cardiovascular hospitalization 421 Respiratory hospitalizations 597 Adult chronic bronchitis 1,186 Emergency room visits 5,981 Bronchitis in children 11,997 Asthma symptom days 71,930
- 68. The End Any Questions?
Notas del editor
- Th number of licensed vehicles includes cars, trucks, buses etc and is accelerating faster than the growth of the population as more an dmore pople live in the suburbs and require more cars per household than previously The length of roads in Ottawa is actually greater than the City of Toronto with 4 times the popualtion and a smaller area than Ottawa The estimates of premature deaths due to air pollution have increased from 140- 150 (OMA 2000) to the range 250-300 (OMA 2005 and Toronto MOH 2005) partly because Particulate Matter was added as a cause – and plans are in palce to monitor this pollutant which tends to impact locally and accumulate as opposed to being mixed with the atmosphere as other gaseoius products are, with less health impacts
- it is notewqorthy that the Enviroemtnal Ass4essment for the East West Light Raail project inclded an assessment ofi the prevailing enviroemnt including air quality. Despite the absence of any actual measurements of air quality in the project area, throught EPA traffic management models (mobility 6) and he use of traffic flow numbers (based mainly on the Origin Detsination Survey in 1995 updated by spot traffic counts), the result for the 56 checkpoints was 47 moderate and 7 poor. The enxt Origin Destination Study is exp[ected to provide updated info on traffic flows and be available in April 2006
- Pyramid of health effects illustrates that as the severity of the adverse health effect decreases, a larger portion of the population is affected We likely need to rely on severe adverse outcomes (mortality and hospitalization) because administrative records are most reliable and available One approach is to examine non-traumatic morbidity/mortality in the community and use risk coefficients from the literature to estimate what proportion is attributable to air pollution Another approach is to examine local exposures to air pollution and do a quantitative risk assessment (gives predicted risk)
- Many questions are possible, only a few illustrated here Are cost-effective analysis tools currently available or could they be created to be able to assess the health benefits of various policy options? If we could introduce this type of information at the local level, it could help influence policy in a positive way Currently, analysis of health benefits of policy options is not common at the local level