1. RNA polymerase in the nucleus reads the DNA and creates mRNA, which is exported to the cytoplasm.
2. In the cytoplasm, ribosomes read the mRNA and assemble amino acids into a protein chain using tRNA according to the mRNA sequence.
3. The protein folds into its final shape and carries out its functions in the cell.
8. Key:
A: Adenine DNA Strand 1. RNA polymerase binds to DNA and
C: Cytosine unwinds it
G: Guanine
T: Thynine
ATGCGC G G C A A T C T T A G C G T A A C G G C A T TC
TACGC G C C G T T A G A A T C G C A T T G C C G T A A G
9. GC G G C A A T C T T A G C G T A A C G G C A T TC
C G C C G T T A G A A T C G C A T T G C C G T A A G
10. G G C A A T C T T A G C G T A A C G G C A T TC
C C G T T A G A A T C G C A T T G C C G T A A G
11. A A T C T T A G C G T A A C G G C A T TC
T A G A A T C G C A T T G C C G T A A G
12. C T T A G C G T A A C G G C A T TC
G A A T C G C A T T G C C G T A A G
13. G C G T A A C G G C A T TC
C G C A T T G C C G T A A G
15. 2. RNA polymerase binds to
Promoter promoter region of DNA
region RNA polymerase
G G C A T TC ACGCC A G T T A C G G A C G T A T C G G C A T A G C T T
TGCGG T C A A T G C C T G C A T A G C C G T A T C G A A
C G T A A G
Coding Region
16. Promoter
region RNA polymerase
G G C A T TC ACGCC A G T T A C G G A C G T A T C G G C A T A G C T T
TGCGG T C A A T G C C T G C A T A G C C G T A T C G A A
C G T A A G
Coding Region
17. Promoter
region RNA polymerase
G G C A T TC ACGCC A G T T A C G G A C G T A T C G G C A T A G C T T
TGCGG T C A A T G C C T G C A T A G C C G T A T C G A A
C G T A A G
Coding Region
18. Promoter
region
G G C A T TC ACGCC A G T T A C G G A C G T A T C G G C A T A G C T T
TGCGG T C A A T G C C T G C A T A G C C G T A T C G A A
C G T A A G
Coding Region
19. Promoter
region
G G C A T TC ACGCC A G T T A C G G A C G T A T C G G C A T A G C T T
TGCGG T C A A T G C C T G C A T A G C C G T A T C G A A
C G T A A G
Coding Region
20. omoter
gion
C A T TC ACGCC A G T T A C G G A C G T A T C G G C A T A G C T T
TGCGG T C A A T G C C T G C A T A G C C G T A T C G A A
G T A A G
21. oter
A T TC ACGCC A G T T A C G G A C G T A T C G G C A T A G C T T
TGCGG T C A A T G C C T G C A T A G C C G T A T C G A A
T A A G
22. TC ACGCC A G T T A C G G A C G T A T C G G C A T A G C T T
TGCGG T C A A T G C C T G C A T A G C C G T A T C G A A
A G
23. ACGCC A G T T A C G G A C G T A T C G G C A T A G C T T
TGCGG T C A A T G C C T G C A T A G C C G T A T C G A A
24. CC A G T T A C G G A C G T A T C G G C A T A G C T T
GG T C A A T G C C T G C A T A G C C G T A T C G A A
28. mRNA Strand
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
AUGGCG C C G U U A G A A U C G C A U U G C C G U A A G
RNA polymerase reads DNA and
creates mRNA
29. mRNA Strand
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
AUGGCG C C G U U A G A A U C G C A U U G C C G U A A G
30. mRNA Strand
AUGGCG C C G U U A G A A U C G C A U U G C C G U UA G
Termination sequence
31. 4.RNA polymerase hits a
stop codon and releases
mRNA Strand mRNA
AUGGCG C C G U U A G A A U C G C A U U G C C G U UA G
Start codon Termination sequence
119. Transcription and Translation
Summary
First, there is Transcription. First in transcription, RNA
Polymerase binds to and unwinds the DNA molecule. RNA
Polymerase finds the promoter region of the DNA. RNA
Polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA. RNA Polymerase
hits the stop codon and let goes of the mRNA. mRNA leaves
the nucleus through a nucleus pore. Second, is Translation.
First in translation, the mRNA strand is in the cytoplasm.
Then, a ribosome comes and reads the mRNA strand in
codons. The ribosome finds the start codon. tRNA proof
reads the mRNA and begins to make proteins. Peptide bond
forms between the amino acids. Then the amino acids will
turn into a protein.
120. Transcription and Translation
Summary
First, there is Transcription. First in transcription, RNA
Polymerase binds to and unwinds the DNA molecule. RNA
Polymerase finds the promoter region of the DNA. RNA
Polymerase reads DNA and creates mRNA. RNA Polymerase
hits the stop codon and let goes of the mRNA. mRNA leaves
the nucleus through a nucleus pore. Second, is Translation.
First in translation, the mRNA strand is in the cytoplasm.
Then, a ribosome comes and reads the mRNA strand in
codons. The ribosome finds the start codon. tRNA proof
reads the mRNA and begins to make proteins. Peptide bond
forms between the amino acids. Then the amino acids will
turn into a protein.