Corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and controlled. It involves balancing the interests of a company's many stakeholders, such as shareholders, management, and society. Good corporate governance promotes fairness, transparency, and accountability. It establishes the rules and procedures for making decisions on corporate affairs and spells out the rights and responsibilities of participants like the board of directors, managers, shareholders, and other stakeholders. The need for strong corporate governance emerged in the 1990s due to increasing institutional investment, globalization pressures, and privatization in countries like India. Since liberalization began in 1991, India has gradually emphasized corporate governance more to attract foreign investment and increase competitive pressures.