The document provides information about heart disorders. It defines the heart and its functions. Several types of heart disorders are described, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, restrictive cardiomyopathy, alcoholic heart disease, heart attack, heart failure, heart valve disease, and heart muscle disease. Causes, symptoms, and how each develops are explained for the main heart disorders.

1. Your heart muscle is the strongest
and toughest muscle in the body.

2. Index
Introduction about
heart.
Fact file
The heart.
Different types of heart
disorders.

3. What is heart
 The heart is the organ that
supplies blood and oxygen to all
parts of the body. It is about the
size of a clenched fist, weighs
about 10.5 ounces and is shaped
like a cone. The heart is located in
the chest cavity just posterior to
the breastbone, between the lungs
and superior to the diaphragm. The
heart is surrounded by a fluid

4. What is heart
disorder Heart disorder is nothing but heart
disease. Heart disease is an
umbrella term for any type of
disorder that affects the heart.
Heart disease means the same
as cardiac disease. According to
WHO (World Health
Organization), heart disease is the
leading cause of death in the
UK, USA, Canada and

5. Fact file
 Blood pressure is measured by
using an instrument called
sphygmomanometer.
the study of the human heart and
its various disorders is known as
cardiology.
 Depending on your body size, your
body contains about 4 to 5 liters of
blood.
 The heart beats about 100,000
times a day.

6. The heart

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein
 Valves
 Right
ventricle
 Right
auricle
 Aorta

7.  Pulmonary artery It takes blood to
the lungs for oxygenation
 Pulmonary vein It brings back
oxygen rich blood from the lungs
and pours into the left ventricle.
Valves They separate each of
the chamber so there is no
mixing of blood. They allow blood
to flow only in one direction.
Right ventricle It pumps blood
into the pulmonary artery that

8. Right auricle It gets blood from
all parts of the body through
veins. This blood is pumped into
the right ventricle.
 Aorta It carries blood to
different parts of the body.
 Left auricle It has thinner walls.
It pumps blood into the left
ventricle.
 Left ventricle It has thicker

9. Types of heart
disorders
 Heart disease, or cardiovascular
disease, is a general name for a
wide variety of diseases, disorders
and conditions that affect the
heart and blood vessels. Heart
disease is the number one cause of
death in the United
States, according to the Centers
for Disease Control and
Prevention. Heart diseases can

10. 1.Coronary artery disease
2.Hypertension
3.Restrictive cardiomyopathy
4.Alcoholic heart disease
5.Heart attack
6.Heart failure
7.Heart value disease
8.Heart muscle disease
Heart attack
symptoms.

11. Coronary artery
diseaseWhat is coronary artery
disease?
 Heart disease is a result of plaque
buildup in your coronary arteries -- a
condition called atherosclerosis -- that
leads to blockages. The arteries, which
start out smooth and elastic, become
narrow and rigid, restricting blood flow
to the heart. The heart becomes
starved of oxygen and the vital

12. How Does Coronary
Artery Disease Develop?
 From a young age, cholesterol-
laden plaque can start to deposit in
the blood vessel walls. As you get
older, the plaque burden builds
up, inflaming the blood vessel walls
and raising the risk of blood clots
and heart attack. The plaques
release chemicals that promote the
process of healing but make the

13. William Harvey
William Harvey
was born in Kent
in 1578. He was
in first to
propose in 1628
the complete
theory of the
circulation of
blood, believing

14. Hypertension
What is hypertension
disease?When blood exerts too much
pressure on the walls of
blood vessels, it's called
hypertension, or high blood
pressure. The cause of
hypertension is unknown for
90 to 95 percent of cases —
this is called essential or

15. How does hypertension
disease develop?
 Hypertension occurs when the
pressure inside the blood vessels is
too high. When your heart
pumps, it sends blood out through
the arteries. The force of your
blood pushing against the walls of
your arteries causes pressure.
Every time your heart beats, it
forces more blood into the
arteries, causing the pressure to

16. Restrictive
cardiomyopathy
What is Restrictive
cardiomyopathy?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
(RCM) is a rare disease of the
myocardium and is the least
common of the 3 clinically
recognized and described
cardiomyopathies. Its principal
abnormality is diastolic

17. How does Restrictive
cardiomyopathy
develop? Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a
disorder of the heart muscle in
which the walls of the ventricles
become stiff, but not necessarily
thickened, so they resist normal
filling with blood. There is no cure.
Treatment aims to relieve
symptoms caused by the backup of
blood into the lungs and veins of

18. Alcoholic heart
disease
What is Alcoholic
heart disease?
Alcoholic heart disease is caused by
a lifestyle in which alcoholics are
continue to consume an excessive
amount of alcohol over a long
period of time. Total abstinence is
a very effective way to treat them

19. Gallery of Alcoholic
heart disease

20. Heart attack
What is Heart attack?
If the heart muscle does not have
enough blood (and consequently
oxygen) it dies and a heart attack
occurs. Another name for a heart
attack is myocardial
infarction, cardiac
infarction and coronary
thrombosis. According to Med

21. How does a heart attack
develop? A heart attack occurs when some part of
the heart muscle stops getting blood and
oxygen. This is usually caused by a clog in
one or more of the arteries that carry
blood and oxygen to the heart, as a result
of coronary artery disease. The arteries
become choked with fatty deposits
called plaque over the course of many years.
This process is called atherosclerosis. The
buildup of fatty
deposits, including cholesterol and other
lipids, gradually narrows the artery, allowing

22. Heart attack gallery

23. Heart failure
What is heart failure?
Heart failure is a condition in
which the heart can't pump
enough blood to meet the
body's needs. In some
cases, the heart can't fill with
enough blood. In other
cases, the heart can't pump
blood to the rest of the body
with enough force. Some people

24.  Heart failure (HF) is a condition that
occurs when the heart cannot pump or
fill with enough blood, which means that
the heart must work harder to deliver
blood to the body. The term "heart
failure" is misleading because the heart
does not completely fail or stop. Heart
failure can be mild and cause minor
symptoms, or it may be severe or even
life-threatening. The most common
symptoms of heart failure are
How does heart
failure develop?

25. Heart valve disease
What is heart valve
disease?
Heart valve disease is a
condition in which one or
more of the four heart valves
(tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral,
and aortic) don't work
properly. Heart valves can
have three basic kinds of

26. How does heart valve
disease develop?
 Heart valve disease is a condition
in which one or more of the valves
in your heart aren't opening or
closing the way they
should, disrupting blood flow into
and out of the heart. There are
several types of heart valve
disease, but the two main types
associated with heart

27. Heart muscle disease
What is Heart muscle
disease?
Heart muscle disease, also
known as
cardiomyopathy, may be
congenital or acquired, and
refers to a heart that is
abnormally

28. How does heart
muscle disease? Cardiomyopathy refers to heart
muscle disease. The damaged heart
does not effectively pump blood. The
disease usually progresses to the point
where patients develop life-
threatening heart failure. In
addition, people with cardiomyopathy
are more likely to have irregular
heartbeats orarrhythmias.There are
two major categories of
cardiomyopathy: ischemic and non-
ischemic cardiomyopathy. Ischemic

29. Gallery of heart
muscle disease