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On the Development of Asynchronous Workflow-based Group Simulations [slides]
- 1. sofos consultancy
Pieter van der Hijden, ISAGA 2005, Atlanta, USA
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 1
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Introduction
real world game
learning experience
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 2
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 2. Introduction
Synchronous Games
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 3
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Introduction
Asynchronous Games
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 4
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 3. Introduction
Synchronous Asynchronous
Central Training games (not really used)
(at the same Classroom
place) Games
Distribited Multi-user E-mail games
(not at the same entertainment
place) games via
Internet
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 5
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Introduction
Contribution of ICT
Accepts inputs from
participant
Presents resources,
status, and results
Calculates feedback
Enforces rules and
workflow
Creates logbook entries
Connects to peripheral
devices
Connects to the rest of
the world
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 6
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 4. Introduction
Workflow (order of
activities associated
with a particular task)
“Hard-wired” with fixed
content
“Hard-wired” with
replaceable content
Programmable by the
user
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 7
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Frame of Reference
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 8
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 5. Synchronous games
Educational aspects
Motivation
Communication
Roles
Organisational aspects
Technological aspects
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 9
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Asynchronous games
Educational aspects
Motivation
Communication
Roles
Organisational aspects
Technological aspects
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 10
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 6. On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 11
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Comparison
Category Synchronous Asynchronous
Educatio- • Peer pressure • Participants have
nal • Session is not control over their
aspects interrupted physical environment
• External disturbances • Roles may vary in load
can be avoided and attractiveness
• Face to face meetings • Roles can be played
• Formal and informal by external
communication professionals
• Roles cannot block the
progress of the game
• Speed of play is high,
intensive
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 12
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 7. Comparison
Category Synchronous Asynchronous
Organisa- • Facilitator has full • Participants do not
tional control over physical have to travel
aspects environment • Participants can
• Easy overview choose when to
• Easy interventions participate
• Participants can
combine game with
other activities
• Facilitator or external
professionals may run
concurrent sessions
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 13
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Comparison
Category Synchronous Asynchronous
Technolo- • Information and • All communication can
gical communications be logged
aspects technology is not
necessary
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 14
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 8. Blended solutions
Example I:
Synchronous Briefing
Asynchronous Session
Synchronous Debriefing
Example II:
Synchronous Team in Asynchronous Game
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 15
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Recommended Practice
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 16
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 9. Educational Practice
Peer Pressure Personal Visibility
(picture, home page)
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 17
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Educational Practice
Peer Pressure Motivating & Attractive
E-mails (rich media)
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 18
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 10. Educational Practice
Peer Pressure Wake-up Calls,
Monitoring
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 19
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Educational Practice
Concentration Status Info,
Personal WebLog
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 20
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 11. Educational Practice
Meetings Collaborative
Workspace, Forums,
Voting, Polling,
Brainstorming
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 21
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Educational Practice
Informal Free exchange
Communication of e-mails,
Help System
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 22
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 12. Educational Practice
Game Board Statistical
Bulletins
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 23
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Educational Practice
Progress Maximum Time,
Exception Handling
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 24
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 13. Educational Practice
Speed Pseudo Activities
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 25
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Organisational Practice
Physical Environment Briefing,
Paraphernalia
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 26
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 14. Organisational Practice
Monitoring Logbook
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 27
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Organisational Practice
Interventions Email to role,
Role Switch
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 28
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 15. Technical Practice
Architecture Client – Server
server client
simulation
workflow
open acs
aol web server internet
postgresql web browser
linux op.system operating system
hardware hardware
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 29
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Technical Practice
System Development Workflow Engine
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 30
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 16. Technical Practice
System Use Professional System
Management
developing hosting of editing writing administering participating in
sieberdam sieberdam sieberdam sieberdam sieberdam sieberdam
rocs rocs rocs rocs rocs rocs
system system city content sim. models sim. sessions sim. sessions
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 31
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Development Process
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 32
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 17. Definition phase
Context
Educational
Organisational
Technical
Purpose
Synchronous /
Asynchronous /
Blended
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 33
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Design Phase
Specification of the
Workflow
Specification of all
Learning Resources
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 34
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 18. Realisation Phase
Programming the
Workflow
Creating Learning
Resources (Rich Media)
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 35
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Implementation Phase
Acceptance Test
System Management
Transfer to Client
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 36
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 19. Conclusion
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 37
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
Conclusion
Asynchronous games have great
potential for
Training-on-demand
Distance education
Their drawbacks can be
compensated during the
development process
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 38
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 20. Conclusion
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 39
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
References
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 40
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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- 21. References
On the Development of Workflow-based
Asynchronous Group Simulations; Pieter van der
Hijden; ISAGA 2005; (www.sofos.nl)
Picture of Hex (© R. Duke) Session
Screenshots
Moodle at Learning Networks
(moodle.learningnetworks.org)
Sieberdam/ROCS (www.rechtenonline.nl Support)
BSCW – Basic Support for Cooperative Work
(http://www.bscw.de)
On the Development of Workflow-based Asynchronous Group Simulations 41
© 2005 - Sofos Consultancy (Pieter van der Hijden)
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