Themes and Issues in Psychology

1. Overview of Behaviourism (Please read Glassman and Hadad 2009 – Chapter 3 – or some equivalent text.)

7. Key Components? Funder 2010

10. Thorndike Source: Faculty.frostburg.edu

13. Ivan Pavlov Source: psych.wisc.edu

16. Classical Conditioning Before conditioning During conditioning After conditioning NS (Bell) Orienting response UCS (Food in mouth) UCR (Salivation) NS / CS (E.g. tone) UCS (Food in mouth) CR / UCR (Salivation) CS (Tone) CR (Salivation)

17. John Watson Source: psych.wisc.edu

21. ‘ Little Albert’ Source: psych.wisc.edu

30. B.F. Skinner Source: HarvardSquareLibrary

34. Bandura Source: psych.wisc.edu

36. ‘ Bobo’ Doll Source: psych.wisc.edu

41. What has become of behaviourism? Stimulus Thoughts / feelings (organism) Response

42. What has become of behaviourism? (Depression) Depressed mood …. biases memory towards emotionally negative items (increasing the probability of recalling negative memories and information.) Preponderance of negative memories and information creates an increase in depressed mood. (Yiend and Mackintosh 2005: p485)

43. What has become of behaviourism? (Panic) Trigger Stimulus Perceived threat Apprehension Bodily sensation Interpretations of sensations as catastrophic (Lalljee 1996: p104).

49. ‘ I ‘ Interior individual ‘ IT ’ Exterior Individual ‘ We ’ Collective Cultural ‘ ITS ’ Social system Environment (Adapted and developed from different writing of Ken Wilber.) Psychodynamics. Instincts. Ego. Id. Intrapersonal. Phenomenology. Self-actualization. Experimental psychology. Cognitive psychology. ‘ Brain’. ‘Organism’. Behaviourism . Interpersonal. Relationships. ‘ Object relations’ theory Group psychology? Family ‘system’. ‘Super ego’? Humanistic psychology. Cross-cultural psychology. ‘ Generalized’ psychology. Organisational psychology. Source of the ‘super ego’?

50. History of Psychology: Timeline? Charles Darwin (1859) Origin of the Species. William James (1875) Teaching psychology at Harvard. Wilhelm Wundt (1879) – First psychology ‘laboratory ’. Henry James (1892) Publishes ‘Principles of Psychology’. Sigmund Freud’s (1896) address to the Viennese Society of Psychiatry on the ‘Etiology of Hysteria’. Sigmund Freud publishes (1900) Interpretation of Dreams. John Watson (1913) publishes his ‘Manifesto’ for behavioural psychology. Carl Jung (1923) publishes ‘Psychological Types’. Melanie Klein (1946) Notes on some schizoid mechanisms. Carl Rogers (1951) publishes ‘Client Centred Therapy’. John Bowlby – Attachment. Maslow (1970) – Self- actualisation