Overview on Extractive Industries Commodities (crude oil, natural gas, timber and palm oil) on reserve, trade movement, and good governance issues in Asia Pacific. Presented by Maryati Abdullah-National Coordinator of Publish What You Pay Indonesia at the workshop of Ford Foundation on the 'Reversing the Resources Curse" Initiative.

1. Overview of Extractive Industries in Asia Pacific
Maryati Abdullah
National Coordinator, Publish What You Pay Indonesia
Steering Committee Member of Open Government Partnership (OGP)
Presented at the Workshop on ‘Reversing the Resources Curse’, held by Ford Foundation.
Ghana, Accra August 25th – 30th, 2013
Photo by maryati at Newmont Nusa Tenggara, West Sumbawa, Indonesia

2. Primary Energy World Consumption
in1992, 2002 and 2012
Percentage
Source : Statistical Review of World Energy, BP 2013

3. Distribution of Proved Oil Reserves
in1992, 2002 and 2012
Percentage
Source : Statistical Review of World Energy, BP 2013

4. Oil Production/Consumption by region
Million barrels daily
Production by region Consumption by region
Source : Statistical Review of World Energy, BP 2013

5. Total Oil Supply in Asia & Oceania
2008 – 2012
thousand Barrels per Day
Australia
Bangladesh
Brunei
Burma (Myanmar)
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Korea, North
Korea, South
Malaysia
Mongolia
New Zealand
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Timor-Leste (East Timor)
Vietnam
-7500 0 7500 15000 22500 30000
Source : Processed from US Energy Information & Administration, www.eia.go , accessed in August 23th, 2013

6. Major Oil Trade Movement 2012
Trade flows worldwide (million tones)
Source : Statistical Review of World Energy, BP 2013

7. Crude Oil Price 1861 – 2012
US Dollars per barrel, world events
Source : Statistical Review of World Energy, BP 2013

8. Distribution of Proved Gas Reserves
in1992, 2002 and 2012
Percentage
Sources : Statistical Review of World Energy, BP 2013

9. Gas Production/Consumption by region
Billion cubic metre
Production by region Consumption by region
Source : Statistical Review of World Energy, BP 2013

10. Production of Marketed Natural Gas
in Asia & Oceania, 2008 - 2011
Billion Cubic Feet
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Afghanistan
Australia
Bangladesh
Brunei
Burma6(Myanmar)
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Korea,6South
Malaysia
New6Zealand
Pakistan
Papua6New6Guinea
Philippines
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Sources : Processed from US Energy Information & Administration, www.eia.gov , accessed in August 25th, 2013

11. Major Gas Trade Movement 2012
Trade flows worldwide (million tonnes)
Source : Statistical Review of World Energy, BP 2013

12. Oil&Gas Comsumption per capita 2012
Gas in Tonnes oil equivalentOil in Tonnes
Source : Statistical Review of World Energy, BP 2013

13. Distribution of Proved Coal Reserves
in1992, 2002 and 2012
Percentage
Source : Statistical Review of World Energy, BP 2013

14. Coal Production/Comsumption by Region
Million tones oil equivalent
Production by region Consumption by region
Source : Statistical Review of World Energy, BP 2013

15. Asia Leads Growth in Global Coal Production Since 1980
¡ Link for ½ minutes video http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=4210
Source : Processed from US Energy Information & Administration, www.eia.gov , accessed in August 25th, 2013

16. Total Primary Coal Production
in Asia & Oceania 2008 – 2012
thousand short tons
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
4500000
2008
2009
2010
2011
Source : Processed from US Energy Information & Administration, www.eia.gov , accessed in August 25th, 2013

17. Timber Trade Flow
Tropical Timber Top Production and Export
Sources : http://www.idhsustainabletrade.com/hout-tropical-timber-trade-flow,
accessed in August 25th, 2013

18. Major Trade Flow of Palm Oil
economic impacts of Palm oil
production regions for palm oil (Malaysia and Indonesia), and their
Indonesia, China, EU, and the U.S.). Palm oil production is economically
vital for Malaysia and Indonesia and their rural communities. Oil palm
6 mt
of global
palm oil
consumption
1 mt
of global
palm oil
consumption
5.4 mt
of global
palm oil
consumption
7 mt
of global
palm oil
consumption
u.s.
e.u.
inDiA
ChinA
produce of global palm oil
consume of global palm oil
inDonesiA
and mAlAysiA
mt = million tonnes
Source: WWF, 2011
Source : WWF Report 2012, Accessed from www.rspo.org, August 25th, 2013

19. Key Issues
& Good Governance in
Extractive Industries

20. ¡ Social & Human Right Issues
¡ Indigenous people right (and FPIC requirement)
¡ Militarization on EI operation security
¡ Land grabbing & right to livelihood of community
¡ Violation & social conflict
¡ Gender & Child right
¡ Environment, Land & Spatial Issues
¡ Trans-boundary haze, Over-lapping Concession & spatial transparency
¡ Deforestation & Biodiversity loss (such us sumatra tiger habitat, elephant, etc)
¡ palm oil in the peat land (making Indonesia among the top emitter of Green Gas Houses)
¡ Pollution, and emergency contingency plan implementation in EI areas
¡ Corporate Accountability on EI Operations
¡ Economic & Good Governance Issues
¡ Potential loss of revenue, tax illicit, EITI and contract transparency
¡ Revenue sharing, peak production & revenue windfall management
¡ Development plan, poverty alleviation and sustainable spending
¡ Economic sustainability, social corporate responsibility and local content issue
¡ Natural resources/ Sovereight wealth funds
¡ Bribery & money laundering issues on anticorruption
¡ Regulatory framework, and institutionalization of EI governance
¡ Down-streaming the economic scale of mining & natural resources
Key Issues on Extractive Industries

21. Decision
to
extract/not
to
extract
Awarding
of
contracts/
licenses
Fiscal
Terms
Extrac8on
prosess
Trading
of
commodi8es
Tax
and
revenue
collec8on
Development
project/
policies
Revenue
Mngt
and
alloca8on
I
87%
II
43%
III
18%
IV
56%
V
12%
VI
56%
VII
56%
VIII
56%
Source : Revenue Watch Institute, 2009
Concentration of NGO Work
Along the EI Value Chain
in 10 Asia Pacific Countries

22. OECD
Indexscores(groupaverage)
Latin
America &
Caribbean
Eurasia
& South
Asia
East Asia
& Pacific
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
Middle
East
& North
Africa
Composite Score
Institutional & Legal Setting
Reporting Practices
Safeguards & Quality Controls
Enabling Environment
es
ailing
Vietnam
nancial
es over-
effec-
ecisions.
region’s
ut
se to
ceived
govern-
of law.
poorly
00
the
ever,
tries.
ning
port-
tive
Note: The OECD region includes five countries; the Latin America &
Caribbean nine countries; Eurasia & South Asia six countries; East Asia
& Pacific 10 countries; Sub-Saharan Africa 17 countries; and the Middle
East and North Africa 11 countries.
Figure 2: Average country score by region and component
100
80
60
40
20
0
Resources Governance Index
Average Country Scored by Region and Average
Resource : Resources Governance Index, RWI 2013

23. Note: Ranks are out of 58 countries and appear in front of country names;
composite scores appear below each column.
Figure 1: East Asia and Pacific Index scores and ranking
0
20
40
60
80
100
13
.T
im
o
r-L
e
ste
14
.
In
d
o
n
e
sia
2
3
.P
h
ilip
p
in
e
s
2
6
.M
o
n
g
o
lia
3
4
.M
a
la
ysia3
6
.C
h
in
a
3
9.P
a
p
u
a
N
ew
G
u
in
ea
4
3
.V
ietn
a
m
5
2
.C
a
m
b
o
d
ia
5
8
.M
ya
n
m
a
r
100
80
60
40
20
0
68 66 54 51 46 43 43 41 29 4SCORE
Satisfactory Partial Weak Failing
cific
e
e 1),
percent
e in
oks at
h laws,
te
tition.
d
encour-
t.
ures
law,
clear frameworks for resource revenue collection. China,
Malaysia and Myanmar lack laws and institutions that encour-
age integrity and openness, leading to poor performance.
Resources Governance Index
East Asia and Pacific Index Score and Ranking
Resource : Resources Governance Index, RWI 2013

24. Maryati Abdullah can be reached out at : maryati@pwyp-indonesia.org; marymaryati@yahoo.com
Publish What You Pay Indonesia, Civil Society Coalition on Transparency
and Accountability of Extractive Industries and Natural Resources.
Jl. Intan No.81, Cilandak Barat, South of Jakarta, Indonesia
T/F : +62-21 – 7512503, E-mail : sekretariat@pwyp-indonesia.org
Web : www.pwyp-indonesia.org