ORTHODONTICS The art and practice of dentofacial enhancement Spring Summer 2012 Volume

1. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF
DENTAL ANOMALIES IN ORTHODONTIC
PATIENTS
Mona A Montassera and Mahasen Tahaa
a
Lecturer of Orthodontics - Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt

2. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Outline:
- Introduction
- Objectives
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusions
INTRODUCTION

3. INTRODUCTION

4. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Dental anomalies in number, dimension,
morphology, position, or structure are of
importance for both patients and
orthodontists.
Meticulous examination is required to
diagnose and manage cases with dental
anomalies.
INTRODUCTION

5. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
The etiology of dental anomalies could be
genetic or environmental.
Different studies showed different
percentages of dental anomalies.2-4 A
common point was the unavoidable
frequency of developmental dental
anomalies in every community.5
INTRODUCTION

6. OBJECTIVES

7. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
The objectives of this study were to survey
the prevalence and distribution of dental
anomalies in a sample of Egyptian
orthodontic patients.
OBJECTIVES

8. MATERIALS AND METHODS

9. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
This study was designed as a retrospective
study.
The study included examination of
records of orthodontic patients who
attended the orthodontic clinic during
the period from 2007-2010 and met the
inclusion criteria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

10. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Study sample:
The study included the following sample:
509 Egyptian orthodontic patients
312 female 197 male
Age range from 14-21
MATERIALS AND METHODS

11. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Study records:
The study focused on examining the following records:
- Pretreatment study casts.
- Panoramic and periapical x-rays.
- Intraoral photographs.
- Anamnestic data.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

12. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Dental anomalies:
The study focused on the following anomalies:
• Anomalies in number: agenesis, extra-teeth
including: supernumerary, supplementary, and mesiodens.
(2) Anomalies in shape and size: fusion,
gemination, peg shaped laterals, microdontia, macrodontia,
dilacerations, accessory roots.
(3) Anomalies in position: ectopic eruption
including: transposition, improper angulation, impaction.
(4) Anomalies in structure: amelogenesis
imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

13. RESULTS

14. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Table I. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies
Female Male Total
Anomalies in number:
Hypodontia (other than third molars) 7 5 12
Hyperdontia 8 6 14
Anomalies in shape and size:
Fusion 0 0 0
Gemination 0 1 1
Microdontia&Peg shaped laterals 6 4 10
Macrodontia 2 0 2
Dilaceration 0 2 2
Accessory roots 1 0 1
Anomalies in position:
Impaction 42 23 65
Ectopic eruption 31 24 55
Anomalies in structure:
Amelogenesis imperfecta 3 1 4
Dentinogenesis imperfecta 0 0 0
RESULTS

15. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Table 2. Prevalence and distribution of impacted teeth
Female Male Total
Second premolars 27 9 36
First premolars 2 0 2
Canines 10 8 18
Central incisors 3 6 9
RESULTS

16. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Table 3. Prevalence and distribution of ectopically erupted teeth
Female Male Total
Labioversion 22 11 33
Abnormal angulation 8 11 19
Transposition 1 2 3
RESULTS

17. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Table 4. Prevalence and distribution of third molar agenesis
Female Male Total
Maxillary 24 19 43
Mandibular 17 9 26
All third molars 8 1 9
RESULTS

18. DISCUSSION

19. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Evidence-based dental practice
demands integrating systematic
assessments of clinically relevant
scientific evidence with clinical
expertise and the patient’s treatment
needs and preferences.6
DISCUSSION

20. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Whether dental anomalies were studied in
the whole population, orthodontic patients,
or orthodontic patients with specific
complaints could influence the results.
This study included orthodontic patients
with no syndromes and no history of
previous orthodontic treatment.
DISCUSSION

21. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
In the current study impaction of teeth was
the most common dental anomaly, other
than agenesis of third molars.
Early extraction of primary teeth and
space loss, changes in the overlying
keratinized tissue, and/or changes in the
angulation of the impacted tooth are
suggested causes.7,8
DISCUSSION

22. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
In the current study agenesis of maxillary
lateral incisors was the most common
followed by agenesis of mandibular second
premolars.
However, in other studies9,10 mandibular
second premolars was found to be the
most commonly missed tooth.
DISCUSSION

23. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
Extra teeth were detected in 2.8 percent
of the patients; 75.0 percent were in the
anterior region and 25.0 percent were
premolars.
In an Iranian orthodontic population the
prevalence was 0.74 percent.11 In a
Swiss population 86.0 percent of extra
teeth were in the maxillary anterior
teeth.12
DISCUSSION

24. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
The only structural anomaly that was
detected in the current study was
amelogenesis imperfecta.
The primary clinical problems of
amelogenesis imperfecta are tooth
sensitivity, loss of occlusal vertical
dimension, dysfunction, and
esthetics.13
DISCUSSION

25. CONCLUSIONS

26. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
1- The findings of this study provide a
guide for clinicians during orthodontic
examination to detect dental anomalies.
2- Environmental factors could have
more important influence on the
prevalence of dental anomalies than
genetic and racial factors in every
population.
CONCLUSIONS

27. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
3- Impaction, ectopic eruption,
hyperdontia, hypodontia, and microdontia
were the most common dental anomalies.
4- Gemination and secondary roots were
the least detected dental anomalies
while, fusion and dentinogenesis
imperfecta were not detected at all.
CONCLUSIONS

28. REFERENCES

29. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
1-Uslu O, Akcam M O, Evirgen S, Cebeci L. Prevalence of dental anomalies in various
malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;135:328-335.
2-Gupta SK, Saxena P, Jain S, Jain D. Prevalence and distribution of selected
developmental dental anomalies in an Indian population. J Oral Sci 2011;53:231-8.
3-Thongudompom U, Freer TJ. Prevalence of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients.
Aust Dent J. 1998;43:395-398.
4-Guttal KS, Naikmasur VG, Bhargava P, Bathi RJ. Frequency of developmental
dental anomalies in the Indian population. Eur J Dent 2010;4:263-269.
5-Altug-Atac AT, Erdem D. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in
orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;131:510-514.
6-Turpin DL. Looking for the highest level of evidence. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop
2009;135:687.
7- Proffit WR, Fields HW, Contemporary orthodontics. 4th ed. St Louis:Mosby;2007 pag
130,140,141,264,450,472.
REFERENCES

30. PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DENTAL ANOMALIES
8-Bryan RA, Cole BO, Welbury RR. Retrospective analysis of factors influencing the
eruption of delayed permanent incisors after supernumerary tooth removal. Eur J
Paediatr Dent 2005 ;6:84-89.
9-Endo T, Ozoe R, Kubota M, Akiyama M, Shimooka S. A survey of hypodontia in
Japanese orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod dentofacial Orthop 2006;129:29-35.
10- Nordgarden H, Jensen JL, Storhaug K. Reported prevalence of congenitally
missing teeth in two Norwegian counties. Community Dent Health 2002;19:258-261.
11- Vahid-Dastjerdi E, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Mahdian M, Amini N. Supernumerary
teeth amongst Iranian orthodontic patients. A retrospective radiographic and clinical
survey. Acta Odontol Scand. 2011;69:125-128.
12-Schmuckli R, Lipowsky C, Peltomäki T. Prevalence and Morphology of
Supernumerary Teeth in the population of a Swiss Community. Schweiz Monatsschr
Zahnmed. 2010;120:987-990.
13- Canger EM, Celenk P, Yenisey M, Odyakmaz SZ. Amelogenesis imperfect,
hypoplastic type associated with some dental abnormalities: a case report. Braz Dent J
2010;21:170-174.
REFERENCES

31. THANK YOU