Raimondo Villano - book eye of the needle - p. 4 culture - role

R.Villano - Eye of the needle: pharmaceutical meridians between secular ethics and Catholic moral 3
wonderful to my wife Maria Rosaria
for his infinite loving patience
for criticism and suggestions,
for its tolerance and its support
throughout the preparation of the book,
my thanks and my love;
My adorable son, Francis,
small admirable scholar of Egyptian history,
to participate
active loving and emotional
And because we know,
memories, and it will hand;
those who trust in the values
for a true profession
to improve quality of life.

R.Villano - Eye of the needle: pharmaceutical meridians between secular ethics and Catholic moral6
Copy no. _____________
The autor
__________________________
© Copyright Raimondo Villano.
© Research, creation, cover by Raimondo Villano.
All right reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced in publications and studies
without root’s citation. No part of this book shall be stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted by ani means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without written permission from the publisher.
Editorial: Prof. Dott. Maria Rosaria Giordano.
Editors: mobile 338 59 60 222; e-mail: farmavillano@libero.it
Advisor executive: Francesco Villano.
Editions Chiron Found. - Praxys dpt.
© 2010 Chiron Foundation, via Maresca 12, scala A - 80058 Torre Annunziata (Napoli)
Phone: +39 81 861 22 99 Fax: +39 81 353 29 81 Website: www.chiron-found.org
Sales: Prof. Dott. Annamaria Giordano mobile 347 61 71 669.
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Print LP - Napoli.
First Edition, July 2007.
Second Edition, September 2008.
Third Edition, June 2009.
First published in English in April 2011.
Finished writing the twenty-second in June 2007.
Serialized.
This volume, with no serial number and signature, shall be deemed counterfeit.
ISBN 978-88-97303-01-5.
CDD 177 VIL eye 2011.
LCC BJ 1725.
CHIRON FOUND.
Praxys dpt

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Presentation 25
Preface 27
History 33
The pharmacy and hieratic iatreic magismo between and paganism 35
God's time with the man 43
Galenic and Signature, monasticism and Fall of the Roman Empire 48
Alchemy and Arab-Islamic civilization 52
The era of St. Benedict and the School of Salerno 54
The development of the monasteries hospitality and ethos 59
From the awakening of the culture and customs of the university and the advent
of the lords 61
Regimina, hospitals, corporations and Frederick Costitutiones 64
Alchemy and the Church bubonic plague 69
Humanism, Noble College, rebirth of magic, Florentine Recipe 74
Renaissance, New World, St. Giovanni Leonardi 83
Scientific development, black death, doctrine and systems iatrochemistry 90
Enlightenment, the scientific development of chemistry, revolutionary epoch 97
Napoleon’s heyday, positivism, breach of Porta Pia, the Industrial Revolution 103
From the Great War to World War II 111
From WWII to Paul VI 113
By John Paul II to Benedict XVI 115
Ethics 125
Oath of Hippocrates 127
Oath of Maimonides 127
Pharmacist’s Code of Conduct 129
Oath to the Profession of Pharmacist 144
The system Pharmacy 145
Drug Card 145
Code of Conduct Farmindustria 147
Erice Declaration on ethical principles of pharmacogenetic research 157
Rome Declaration on Combating counterfeit drugs 160
Berlin Declaration on Pharmacovigilance 161
Statements of principle and of international organizations of pharmacists 182
State of the art Speziali of the Republic of Siena (1355) 182
Saladin d’Ascoli: the apothecary, from “Compendium Aromatariorum” I
Particula (XV sec.)
186
Iacono M. S.: “The true way to elect, to prepare medicaments et simple dial” 187
Iacono M. S.: “De l’officio de lo speciaro” (1559) 189
Fiorentino Cookbook: The Good Speziale 190
Fiorentino Cookbook: The Apothecary Shop of 190
Noble College Statutes - Chapter One (1787) 190
Statute Noble College - Monitoring Arrangements (1787) 191
Statute Noble College - Provisions on discipline and harmony (1787) 192
Religion 193
Pharmacist's Prayer 195

Prayer of the Military Health 195
Prayer to St. John Leonardi Patron of Pharmacists 195
Invocation to St. John Leonardi 196
Address of John Paul II to the participants of the 1981 FOFI 196
Discorso di Giovanni Paolo II ai congressisti FOFI del 1981 197
Letter Apostolic S.S. John Paul II Salvifici Doloris 199
Address of John Paul II to FOFI (1986) 220
Health Care Workers in the Italian Church 222
P. B. Honings “Charter for Health Care Workers. Synthesis of Hippocratic
ethics and Christian morality”
227
S.S. John Paul II: “Institution of the World Day of the Sick” 233
Pontificia Academia Pro Vita, V General Assembly "Final Declaration" 234
Pontificia Academia Pro Vita "The Christian conscience in support of the right
to life"
236
Homily of His Holiness. John Paul II visited the parish of St. G. Leonardi Torre
Maura
238
SS message. John Paul II to the Rector General of the Order of St. G. Leonardi 240
Promise of Catholic Pharmacists 242
Ex aedibus Congregationis de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum:
Italiae
242
Society 243
The future of this: the implications of the drug on the human race 245
Towards the global information society 256
The protection of the right to life in contemporary society 262
Philosophical, moral and existential of new telecommunications systems 265
Technology 273
Policy pharmacovigilance 275
Concepts of privacy 280
Historiography of the major pharmaceutical institutions 283
Drugs and the Internet 297
Policies to combat counterfeiting of medicines 302
Reflections on recent criticism of the Institute of Pharmacy 305
Values of safety management in Pharmacy 319
Culture 321
The caduceus 323
The Hippocratic ethics and Christian morality 327
The patron saint of pharmacists and Protectors 331
Art and pharmacy 340
Readings satirical 344
Thoughts on some implications of contemporary historiography pharmaceutical 348
Role of information technology in the development and dissemination of study
of the History of Pharmacy
351
Assumptions of multimedia design for the History of Pharmacy 359
Author 363
Profile 365
Pubblications 367

“There have been some people
from a speech or a reading
have collected a sentence, a word, an ear
that has fed them for the rest of life.
When you hear a good ear,
and hold fast Take it and say:
this is mine!”
Girolamo Savonarola
(adaptation Gianfranco Ravasi in secular breviary)

Presentation
he work of Raimondo Villano “Eye of the Needle: Pharmaceutical meridians
between secular and Catholic moral ethics” is to fill a gap in treatment in an
Italian field senpre most popular and, no doubt, of great prospects.
Raimondo Villano, already a harbinger of original contributions, now provides this in
his book to students of pharmaceutical sciences and pharmacology, a number of
valuable insights and reflections.
It is, therefore, Altamar meritorious work of Raimondo Villano thrash for a large
crowd of readers and scholars in the field of medicine and the various problems at the
same time, highlight the difficulties of promoting science for an audience already
mature and tempered by the situation particularly serious, especially with regard to
therapeutic aspects.
This issue is framed in the proper form and is full of prospects.
The chapters of the book of Villano are full of philosophy and the high culture and
humanity of the author emerge here and there, with classical references and your
knowledge of the subject allows him to go through the same property by the
etiopathogenesis of language sociology.
It is my hope that this book does not just go and use the analysis to the study of
farmacogenesi but also promotes public awareness, all too often ignorant and
helpless in the face of health problems: to this end, efforts will certainly reading
of Raimondo's Villano excellent book.
Naples, September 20, 2008
MD, PhD Giulio Tarro
Chairman of committing on
Biotechnologies and VirusSphere
World Academy of Biomedical
Technologies WABT (UNESCO, Paris)
(Former student of A. B. Sabin and member
of the Italian National Commission of Bioethics)
T

Preface
oing beyond the self to universal custom, superficiality and quiescence can mean
profitable to compete in the Profession to loose the virtual image of the real
distinction and mend your status more appropriate aperture public(1)
.
Rather than let me be dominated by feelings of powerlessness in the face of such
self-evident observation, I have endeavored to develop this work so that fits into the track
of awareness of his colleagues and trying to inspire them inspired by the ethics of
responsibility expressed by Max Weber’s notion that “effort would never be reached
unless there were those, and again, attempt the impossible(2)
”.
The objective is, therefore, seeking to ensure the profession is also progressing with the
instrument of culture lata in its most proper and the old cultus, from Coleraine, or
cultivate, cultivating: the educated person, in fact, he has carefully cultivated self-
respect. Acquired this care and self-respect, the cultured person becomes more likely,
more and more programs designed to care for and respect of others, then yes, that culture
is an indispensable tool to create that active citizenship rooted professional, productive
and effective in daily is desirable that the ultimate goal. Are released, so those formidable
energies capable of taking man out, keeping him conscious of his personal dignity,
enriching him with deep humanity and place it with its uniqueness in the fabric of society
and the profession(3)
.
Free of hubris in classical memory, but maybe not quite outdated, and with all the
“overage” of modesty that I think deserves the approach to certain problems, a reading of
the Meridian I think can be trained in order to help differentiate certain
elementsprospective professional, social, cultural and technical area to be ones that, in
terms of stringency, the concreteness, the fineness and consistency of argument, a
significant advancement of the reflection of the professional design and creation of
awareness at least potentially prodromal for works and “shares” as more desirable with
the high-end work for the man(4)
.
First, adhering to the life education or training is not intended only as a time of learning
but also as a work that, in contrast to the view that the mind of the learner is devoid of
intrinsic qualities and container to be filled with the most knowledge, is inspired by the
idea that education is the education of the memory of a function, to form working on
valuable content on material with deep feeling. It is clear, citing an authoritative
contemporary philosopher, Karl Popper, who with such moments of sense thought into
the process of memory which, therefore, becomes memory judicious. With such
substantial logical connection I think there is going to investigate other important issues
_______________
(1) Raimondo Villano, presentation of training courses on Safety and Quality business, ethical and
professional training courses for managers curated by Piero Renzulli and Raimondo Villano under the
patronage of the President of the Republic and the UN Year of Worker Memorial , Pompei, Oct. 2000.
(2) Visit the Representative of the President of Rotary Club International at Pompeii: Rotary Club
speech by President Raimondo Villano Pompei, Pompei, 5 May 2001.
(3) Visit the Representative of the President of Rotary Club International at Pompeii: President’s speech
of Journalists of Campania Ermanno Corsi, Pompeii, May 5, 2001.
(4) Antonio Carosella - Raimondo Villano “Man as an end: the activities of District 2100 of Rotary
International-Italy ar 1998-99”, multimedia edition on CD-ROM (sponsored by Rotary District 2100 RI,
Ed Eidos, 421 Mb - 554 files - pag. 3162; Sorrento, July 2000).
G

profession, or preparatory to it or confluent, after using the historical journey of several
other locations(5)
.
It is desirable, first, that a path with the help of Church leading man of faith, but not only,
to become aware or more aware of the possible ways of freeing the great crisis of
spiritual values which surrounds us in life and in profession, and that it strengthened and
extended to most if not all, the need to reinvigorate their commitment to the Lord with
courage to carry on the Christian action or substantial enlightened lay apostolate(6)
.
Strive, therefore, as a humble branch of the Great Vine, the second lay Christifideles(7)
,
further open their hearts with good will so that his and others' lives are better ordered at
the highest values.
In addition, it is hoped that further action can be stimulated to arise under such conditions
is that the moral theories, in front of an abundance of cultural systems in evolution, are
not feeble attempts to make an absolute quota and their validity is not likely to be
confined to a particular historical stage of a given society. It could create more targeted
and reach such a way, through comparisons and construction processes, also at individual
resolutions or actions in any way that the story does appear to be non-antagonistic ethics,
relativizing the first absolutizes what the other, but rather the field in which the ethical
demand makes sense(8)
.
From the jumble of the elements of the depth and thickness of talented colleagues,
believe that love is much more than that I am privileged to know, can take further sap the
strength of their ideas and the actions which can go towards new directions and perhaps
even wider horizons, of course, by virtue and not in spite of an appreciable diversity of
expression and essential, but in a particularly fruitful opportunities that make you feel
more deeply that what little or much you can do for others produces enrichmentand
increases in the size of his own humanity wonderfully (9)
.
By opting for a different choice, however, it seems worthwhile to take in mind the
statements of Mahatma Gandhi, “is not the critic who counts, not the man that indicates
why the sharp falls, or where the filmmaker could have done better. The credit belongs to
the man who is in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat, fighting valiantly,
who errs and may fall again, because there is no conquest without fault or weakness that
really fight for carried out, who knows the great enthusiasm and great faith, that strives
for a noble cause, which at best knows in the end the triumph of high goals and, at worst,
if he fails, at least fall gloriously, so that the his place shall never be close to the fearful
and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat”.
_______________
(5) Abs remodeled by: Raimondo Villano, The actions of the Rotary Club for Youth, Pompeii,
September 20, 2000.
(6) Raimondo Villano - Boris Ulianich, abs by talk of considerations about the meaning of Christmas,
Rotary Club, Ceremony Greetings, Pompeii, December 20, 2000.
(7) S.S. John Paul II, Christifideles lay
(8) Raimondo Villano, Reflections on the protection of life, (Rapporteur as the first signatory to the
submission of the motion to Co.L. International Rotary International for the establishment of a
worldwide day of celebration of the protection of life); District Conference Celebration of Family,
Rotary International, Pompei, Casa del Pellegrino, 10 February 2001. “Men as an men” multimedia CD-
ROM Edition (sponsored by Rotary District 2100 RI, Ed Eidos, 421 Mb - 554 files - pag. 3162;
Sorrento, July 2000).
(9) Meeting of the Coordinating Committee of the clubs in the area south of the Gulf of Naples on the
Forum “The establishment of the new Civil and Criminal Court in Torre Annunziata”, Abs. with input
from the Committee Secretary Raymond Villano, Castellammare di Stabia, Hotel Stabia, October 1993).

Eye of the Needle, then, is there to remind us how narrow and difficult passage through
which pass the meridians, which are ideal for wireless help to heal such a warp, using a
preliminary bonum otium of Horace’s memory and an essential cultural metabolism
between faith and reason which, to paraphrase Goethe, I filled the interior of his
colleagues ever higher feelings, desires that feed on deserve to be outsiders in their
breasts and food intake any more worthy(10)
.
However, having the gift of faith, I am comforted by the belief that “reason is the need
for infinite and culminates in the longing and the presentiment of this infinite posters(11)
”.
Raimondo Villano
_______________
(10) Raimondo Villano, Introduction, p.. 2 book cover of the CD of classical music "Two pianos
wandering through the centuries" Emma Rose Petrillo & Santoro, Quick Sound, Napoli, 2000.
(11) Theme of the Meeting of Rimini 2006 Communion and Liberation for the friendship of peoples.

“Be true to yourself.
Not to be weary and become something,
but works with zeal and perseverance
what ever you are and become someone”
List, motet

“Science and art belong to the whole world,
and before they dissolve the barriers of nationality”
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDY AND DISSEMINATION
OF THE HISTORY OF PHARMACY
he convergence of computing and communications (telematics), catalyzed the
killing of the costs of elaboration and storage technologies and parallel
improvements in digital transmission, the hallmark of our time more than any
other technological breakthrough encouraging the creation of a global society
‘sinformation with two-way communication of information flow based on demand and
response mechanisms (interactivity), with the integration of different media of voice, text
and visual (multimedia), by means of devices that combine the functions of television and
computers ( telecomputer), with the artificial propagation of three-dimensional reality
(VR) and through the data network(1)
.
By the statement in the decade since 1983, large-scale personal computer as the dominant
paradigm in the industry has led to a new phase that has a distribution policy (the so-
called information highway) to the computer center of the galaxy and graduallyreplace
the previous telephone networks, television and computers with a profound impact on the
three sectors. The first international highway, highway information, indeed, even more
than a highway, a ramified and complex digital road network, the Internet is that since the
nineties, with the spread of computer tools, has become ground. In it, the information
packet of 53 bytes traveling fast on the lines of communication, allowing the transfer of
155 Mbit/s, which can mean an entire daily broadcast in seconds.
Proper planning will allow more and more to enjoy all these incredible benefits, so that
cities tend to evolve from piles of unconnected buildings in knots effective systematic
flows: the wired city. As part of work today, computers are extremely useful tools in the
acceleration and optimization functions. They now allow even more people connected to
different computers and distant from each other to work on a document and, as
appropriate, by video conference.
As part of publishing with the highway network can be repaid in full all the documents
and materials produced during official meetings and events and the protagonists of the
event can also be contacted via e-mail or communicate. The media have the opportunity
to become helmsman of electronic navigation to help Prosumer, as Alvin Toeffler defines
consumer-producers of information: those, namely, that build their own drawing on
information from the immense reservoir of information that travels over the network.
The roads that open up are many. You can follow the development of real-time news, can
fathom the years past, read articles ever printed, see plenty of funds and the original texts,
do your own research, and print documents of interest. Thanks to networks can be made
available to all who find it difficult even specialized information market in print media.
_______________
(1) Raimondo Villano, Towards the Global Information Society, Eidos, 1996, p.. 194.
T

Entering harbor the media is also publishing a new area that deals with the publication of
CD-ROMs and DVDs, in addition to traditional written information and images stored in
large quantities on a few square inches of vinyl media, to offer ‘ user the ability to have
animations and sounds. On a single DVD can be made the equivalent of a library of 1000
volumes (hundreds of thousands of voices and topics, thousands of in-depth monographs,
tens of thousands of images and with the addition of dozens of video animations, dozens
of maps and hundreds of sound) and is updated regularly and are customizable through a
Web site opened by the reference publishing company. For a publisher, therefore, in
terms of multimedia information, today is the most exciting since the days of Gutenberg.
Improving the quality of relationships with users not only spend more to reduce access
times to provide information and services but also the objective to reach out directly to
personal computer users what they need. Computer and modem, then also give you
access to interactive courses of study (cyberschool) and bibliographic searches.
As part of cultural history and art, then, the main computer applications are designed to
encourage the development of advanced telematics services to support the diagnostic
rating for the restoration, cartography, and the revival of videomusealità of entire areas
tend to provide trade constant flow of information between all stakeholders inside and
outside the affected area. It may still be activated in the service network of libraries that
allows you to see precious texts and not routinely available and hypertext(2)
shows that in
a dynamic and interactive sites, documents, works in Italian and other languages as an
option(3)
. The version can be expanded to allow the second navigation paths: for example,
in a historic building, history, architecture, art gallery. But you can do even more, as the
virtual reproduction of the cultural property in which the parts are rendered(4)
and
standard(5)
. With this technique, the visitor can enter and move within an exhibition space
that mimics the real one: starting from the layout of the building, go straight, at its option,
in various rooms, which include walls full of paintings and gateways , to move to
adjacent rooms, each devoted to choosing the movies, can follow simple directions and
follow them select hundreds of works on the walls just as they are in reality.
Learn how to access the guided tour are subject or the direct search for artists, which
refers to the biographies of each. This technique allows, then, to give life to forms of art
exhibitions of works entirely new and unexplored. The virtual museum can add new
“rooms” (which does not exist in reality) to show, for example, the many pictures or
documents that have never been a precise location. They are also the creations of possible
links with other galleries to stage exhibitions to bring telematics or more works by the
same author, or archives which offer a more extensive bibliography on the artists, a form
of analysis, or the biography of the author, a glossary that can contain hundreds of entries
devoted to technical terms, the art schools, artists are not present, the central figures in
the history of European art that have had a relationship with the artists and works in the
Gallery.
_______________
(2) Paper mutant, hypertext will begin on the first short chapter, then you choose now, at a crossroads
electronically, whether to continue in the traditional way by going to dwell on one or two words of the
text, press a button when the cursor meets on the computer screen and from there jump to a linked page,
following a story within a story or a study in history, a path that divides hundreds of times, always
providing, however, the opportunity to return to the main story or leave it in exchange for others.
(3) Google, for example, has entered into an agreement with the libraries of Stanford, Michigan, Oxford
and the New York Public Library, which has become available to make your copy volumes, if they can
receive a scanned copy of the integral work.
(4) That is reconstructed according to the language Vrlm, the standard 3D on the web.
(5) IMS International specifications for e-learning.

The spectator can also access an archive of the comparisons showing hundreds of works
not in the gallery, but essential for understanding the career of an artist. On the web as
many CD and DVD images can be reproduced with compression technology based on
fractal algorithms that not only provides another resolution but allows the user to operate
the zoom in closer detail.
You can also create virtually cultural heritage as they are today and how they were
originally. Resorting to the use of multimedia hypertext medium immersed in virtual
reality, therefore, I think that basically creates a perceptual and psychological situation in
which the user finds a simulated experience with a greater adherence to multi-directional
characteristic of every human life(6)
. It should, however, keep in mind that although this
work can not be considered a surrogate of all royal visit to a museum, the spread of these
multi-media, however, may increase the number of people where you can generate
interest in visiting person of the cultural property in question or to the depth of issues
negotiations. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the virtual museum can be born from
the enthusiasm of some fans, after considerable initial success, may be changing fortunes
over time due to problems in managing relationships with the Royal Museum for
copyright. It should be considered, then, that in applications that exist today, the graphics
are excellent for readability and directness, the texts produced strictly, reproductions of
works such as to zoom with good performance characteristics, navigation built in so that
the reader never lose in ‘urge of information. This opportunity helps one to see the data to
the east, to take possession of his fundamental coordinates. The applications in this field,
however, have also highlighted the limitations of hypermedia technology, however,
because the image of a painting “live” is something completely different than the image
reproduced on a monitor, where it is reduced the richness of the total range of color and
brightness, although the digitized works in this case have maintained a high standard.
Fact, arrive recent significant increases in quality through optical scanning
spectrophotometer(7)
ability to provide high spatial resolution, high color depth and with
great fidelity colorimetric storage of images based on spectral reflectance of light of
eachsingle point (pixel in digital terms) of the object and calculating the three-
dimensional coordinates of the human eye color space(8)
: in this way is reported
accurately, for example, the delicate interplay of craquelures, small cracks in the canvas
of a painting. We are developing, therefore, international standardization of methods of
compression without loss of data that reproduce the mass of this type of high resolution
images that weigh several hundred Mb. At the same time, the result is the widespread use
of this scan for the virtual restoration that allows retrieval of the reading of ancient
manuscripts in an advanced state of degradation due to acidification of paper and ink that
make them unreadable, thanks to ‘ identification of the stroke of the pen with ink that
discriminated impressed by the author has responded in time with the paper
corroding. With this technique, for example, has saved the rare Canevari Catalog(9)
.
_______________
(6) R. Villano, the perfume of the time. The place of art and history of the Pharmacy, CD-ROM,
published by Eidos, 2002, p..1248.
(7) System developed at the National Institute of Matter Physics.
(8) The multispectral images were used for the first time by NASA for space projects, among the
interesting applications in archeology remember the initial design of prof. Marcello Gigante with the
University in Provo Utah for the recovery of the writings of the Papyri in Herculaneum’s lost library.
(9) Catalog autograph book collection of the ancient Genoese doctor Demetrio Canevari, who lived in
Rome and the family physician of the Pope, written in 1625: more than 2400 works of medicine,
philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, geography from the fifteenth to the early seventeenth
century housed in the Biblioteca Civica Berio in Genoa.

The technology, however, not yet completely replaces the reality, but becomes a means
for the exploitation of the same: in the case of a virtual museum is definitely a focus for
dissemination of the artistic heritage but also of learning. For the purpose of learning
each department can be linked to evaluation tests so that the navigation of the site-
museum can acquire the necessary knowledge that goes hand in hand in the virtual
tour. Depending on the quality of the reconstructed models, then you may refer also to a
higher level of public sector such as research. Significant developments in the
educational component of the museums are detectable in Britain where there is also the
rigorous reconstruction of the Roman forum in which the UCLA Cultural Virtual Reality
Lab has worked since 1997. There are, finally, to consider the important applications for
streamlining and optimizing the management of archives and access that allows the
retrieval of historical documents, with better use of resources involved, the increased
levels of productivity for users (scholars, scholars), the rating of any customer. These
considerations may lead to a streamlining of procedures for generating and handling
documents, to define effective and increasingly large and widespread methods of
conservation and classification of these documents and to standardize the equipment and
materials to contain them.
Reflecting, then, that the link between the new telecommunications systems and,
therefore, be interpreted broadly, the ways of communication between men and their
community life is very narrow, there are many aspects that appear to involve the
existential man including in relation to the organization of its functions and its public
spaces. Aware that the history of communication can be considered as a progressive
man’s effort to remove obstacles that material bodies pose to the movement of
knowledge, we are now in a new era in which knowledge, in whatever form expressed
( images, sounds, text), less and less dependent on their material body and the cycle of
production, circulation, reproduction and use of mental contents, being disembodied, is
always faster, ubiquitous and abundant and life-changing daily work processes ,
organizational structures. Networks move all the contents in the same way, very high
speed, in unlimited quantities. Bits, placed in a public knowledge and therefore
exchangeable but almost immaterial, have no limits of time, space, scarcity, affecting the
heavy atoms, uncomfortable and slow, in which, to date, the contents have been
incorporated(10)
.
In essence, in the light of the expression of individual freedom, the digital revolution does
not create, but also amplifies the effect of a major technological innovation is a tendency
to use increasingly powerful and extensive knowledge in the social and organizational
life in which the degree individual freedom should be higher.
The operation worthy of reflection that can be going to accomplish, then, is to propose a
new form in the memory of the historical documents of the profession who represent the
very essence of existence. But what kind of profession? Reconstructed on the basis of a
professional document that reproduces images, information and extreme logic operations.
Following this reasoning, the concept of historical narrative is enriched with new
meanings of all: it is the repository of the traces of the physical media processing
documents.
Shall, therefore, the body needs to question what the real needs to mortgage the future
choices and habits such or such conduct must be maintained so that they do not realize a
_______________
(10) Nicholas Negroponte, Being Digital, Sperling & Kupfer 1985, MIT Media Lab in Boston, USA,
1993.

secondary aspect of continuity, growth and deepening of both studying history of
disclosure between past and future.
However, in such processes, the risk you run in any non-business context is to create
“artifacts”, ie, in the laudable aim of protecting the destiny of the “memory” of a
document and simultaneously extend the “time” of his life and multiply the opportunities
for enjoyment, you should draw up traces of the same document that, in fact, create a
misperception of what is supposed to be the real situation. In any case, we should not
ignore the opportunity to avoid the pomp of an electronic development of the study and
dissemination of the history of Pharmacy in order to reflect more on hypothetical
contradiction in it could be set up.
Internet, in fact, can be an expression of digital socialization in a neighborhood where
physical space is irrelevant but also an expression of loneliness in which a man in a sort
of psychic nomadism lose the precious experience of being able to do physically.
It is also clear that the telecommunications, instant and invisible in his own time and in
its transmission path, deeply destabilizing the framework of the usual references in
interpersonal communication traditionally linked to the physicality, the duration of the
movement and encounter. With the image on the screen and documents with multimedia
products and virtual establishes a new definition and deployment of interactional
resources: the screen transforms and reshapes the situation of interaction through the
choice of plans, the depth of field and through the choice framing. But it is now clear
perception of the surface level how to leverage individual skills, such as start of an
adventure out of the everyday and the liabilities of the typical serial mature industrial
society in which, among other things, he discusses the speed as a fundamental value of
our times that expels the slowness as a negative value(11)
and at the same time, there is the
problem of management of “free time” from work in people’s lives. A revolution in time
management and more interactivity and choice are perhaps the implication that
communication plays in the desire for personalization and identification of the social
mass (I choose, therefore I am).
The introduction of new technologies, processes, products and services gives rise, again,
the change of the spatial interactions that also tend to evolve into new forms of
organization more complex: in addition to change, in fact, the traditional location
factors cultural goods and services, especially the close connection which exists between
land and telecommunications is set up as a working hypothesis of major importance on
which to undertake the construction of a project of “wiring” of the network or,
alternatively, an initial node synaptic web-link.
This is an idea born from the belief that, through proper use of technological innovation,
you can get the redesign and simplification of the formal organization and management
issues territorial allocation of cultural-historical and pharmaceuticals to its promotion
and diffusion.
The resource of cultural pharmaceuticals, in fact, largely as a result of its location and the
phenomenon of random spontaneity of scholars, presents a series of nuclei and exhibition
_______________
(11) In relation to such consideration is appropriate to make only a passing mention of that new
technology may allow: the space-time definable old whose space is characterized by extensive and long
life that takes precedence over short-term time-intensive machines, an image of time which is an image
of speed in which new technologies allow us to discover the small affinity, the equivalent, riding time
and in a virtual space properly and quickly, or the “trogosfera”, in which time and space are no longer
the man but and the machines themselves can be manipulated, and where you can even come to
recognize that the speed is no longer a means but a place.

centers and / or museums, often of small size, while achieving the maximumvisibility
and, indeed, often the quality, are not interrelated in a systemic body and often have an
unsatisfactory relationship infrastructure than to an “application”, even just a niche,
which is not in a position to seek and which can not to respond.
It follows then, on the basis of the foregoing, groped the need to organize a new
framework of supra-system of functional relationships between the various nuclei and
areas geographically distributed with the aim to restore and enhance these resources:
systems, structures, traditions and historical potential, exhibition, evocative and even
anthropological.
The adoption of computer technologies and information technology should allow the
passage of acceptance episodic, fatalistic and difficult to “demand” of history and cultural
heritage pharmaceuticals to a phase of adjustment, enhancement and simplification
thereof.
Evaluating the impact of space procured by the insertion of a new telecommunications
network in the draft plan. The development of telematics offers the opportunity to leave
the human activities and their relationships from the constraints of spatial proximity is a
factor and functional decentralization.
When communication is remote, through a third element that mediates and supports the
report, giving the illusion of overcoming the barrier must not be made concrete in
practice, one has the feeling of being in the imagination in a different space from that in
which it really is.
The application of this concept of a cultural space in which every man finds his identity
and collective memory in which found its historical, leads to an assumption of neutrality
of cultural pharmaceutical rental: you can live in the suburbs with the illusion of life is
where the cultural object itself. This is made possible for prospective to the same services
at the same time and participate in the same social life through the “transmission” of a
world of images.
Among the key elements that can foster this type of approach certainly have a significant
role in the installation costs of the central electronic distribution and characteristics of the
same technology when it is configured as a supra-scale implementation.
Telecommunications, again, change the social relations if nothing else just because they
eliminate the distance barrier, as suggested in the “Universal Village” Mac-Luhan,
communication has become instant at any point in the world.
Telecommunications, whatever the technique used (electronic, radio or CB), seem to
transform the spatial relations, they are structured around the social relations in an
interactive relationship closely, fitting into a social space already foreshadowed.
The audience joins in around the average structure but not a new form of socialization, it
represents a number of individuals that relates uniquely to the “middle”.
Telecommunications in this sense assume the role of social support imagery, they mimic
a communication that is not real need to embody the image to the crisis of urban
civilization, and, again, respond to the need for a functional social relations.
This type of communication fosters a collective identity but not the development of social
relationships, and the process that is created is a process of collective identification
process is similar to Freud’s identification of a group around the “third symbolic.”
Adherence to the “through” is even more felt when the device responds to the needs of
social claim.
Co-identification can be obtained electronically through the association that involves the
audience in the formation of databases or pages.

Another form of co-identification can be achieved by creating a channel that is subject to
different communities and cultural and morphological characters in which users identify
themselves as belonging to a single reality.
The media produce a cohesive representation of social space, strengthening the role of
local traditional broadcasting media, and thus are unable to manage a separate
community (suburban and downtown) in a strategy of reconstruction of social groups by
creating the illusion at all to live in the same place and town center.
There is indeed no need to be physically present in a given territory to control it directly,
since it can powerfully influence the culture and way of life, habits, economic and
intellectual attitudes, simply radiating programs and news.
It is also clear that the current task can also be a virtual museum to replace, but hopefully
in the not remote integrated, the more limited study of history in schools which together
with the substrate is the foundation of our Christian culture without which they can
develop a feeling of identity, including vocational education, or at least no one can come
to form in the individual sense of pre-understanding.
This is the heritage of the components of which are handed down from past tradition that
is constitutive of our being and that allows us to see ourselves and the world around us,
that is “not a set of techniques, since it makes us realize that human nature is essentially
historical, as the historical understanding of ourselves, of others, ours and others’
traditions, the natural world(12)
”.
Also, does this attempt to promote what the philosopher Habermas calls “public use of
history” not political but behind the idea of utility and entertainment over which hovers
suspicion of superficiality(13)
.
On the other hand, public involvement and spread of small but significant local realities
in the world of the new museum as a place of culture and interactive laboratory
increasingly relevant and open to diverse applications of knowledge may also have the
potential benefits of eliminating or reducing situations where the protection hendiadys-
enhancement is understood and practiced as an oxymoron, or that it enhances so badly
and with little respect for the cultural property that the first pharmaceutical to lose is its
protection.
The fact remains that such museology may also be a political tool to influence the area
where the heritage is not the end but it may be the means of its development, a strong
point for the implementation of local policies in a perspective of social utility: ause of
capital, therefore, not only an aim of conservation and aesthetic enjoyment(14)
.
The entrance to the electronics and media in the world, therefore, with their characteristic
ability to abolish the “friction of space”, process and transmit real-time data and
programs on a global scale, one that strikes at the heart Badie calls “pesanteur du
territoire” (the weight area).
But one of the keystones of this transformation is the availability of friendly information,
including: ultra-software but very easy to use (thanks to the power of the new chips and
their low cost) and services of wide public interest and immediate outlet.
_______________
(12) Hans George Gadamer, Truth and Method, publisher Bompiani, Milano 1983; Dario Antiseri,
Gadamer’s Century, Future, March 15, 2002.
(13) Marc Bloch in the Apology of the story opens, in fact, with a father to his child that asks what the
story says that is something that can be useful but also fun.
(14) D. Jala, The roots of the future. Cultural heritage at the service of local development, Clueb,
Bologna 2005, p.. 314.

One option is looming major attention of specialists is the action in the near future across
the whole range of opportunities to consider ways to expand the study and dissemination
of the History of Pharmacy multifactorial triggering a virtuous cycle in which
creativity could have a central role.
In a magmatic evolution of current events, for that matter, any structural component of
society will be increasingly able to pay the domain of this with the appropriation of the
future, very carefully designed and implemented a dual strategy of allowing the
distinction between planning ‘action, or operational planning, short-term and strategic
planning for change, or long-term without too much emphasis on this or let it distract too
much from the future.
“We have a responsibility
to keep the past alive
from which we come from:
is both our father and our son”
Carlos Fuentes
_______________
Abstract from:
Raimondo Villano, Treaty of the History of Pharmacy - Appendix 4, Considerations (in preparation).

“If have thousands of ideas
and even one turns out to be good,
I can be satisfied”

Author

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