2. Modal Auxiliaries
 Modal Auxiliaries are Helping Verbs.
 While preparing sentence in Active Voice,
original form of verb is used with these modal
auxiliaries.
 While preparing sentence in Passive Voice, “be
+ Past Participle of verb” is used with these
modal auxiliaries.
 Ex. Will/Shall, Would / Should, Must, Have to,
Could, May, Might etc.

3. Will /Shall
 “Shall” is generally used with “I” and “we”.
 “Will” is generally used with “you”, “he”, “she”,
“it” and “they”.
 Ex. He will play cricket.
 We shall buy a new book.
 “to be going to” / “to be to” can be used in place
of “shall/will”.
 Ex. He is going to build a new house.
 He is to build a new house.
 He will build a new house.

4. Should
 “should” always denotes Moral Duty.
 “should” is also used to give Suggestion /
Advice.
 “should” is used with every subject without
making any change in verb.
 “should” can be used with any form Present
Tense and Future Tense.
 The past tense of shall is “would”.
 Ex. The pupils should work regularly.
 We should obey our elders.

5. Must
 “Must” shows unavoidable duty.
 It is a helping verb used …
 to show that “we have no choice without this
action”.
 From legal view, “must” is used to mention a
probable loss if not taken the said action.
 “must” is also used to enforce decision,
confident will, ban on some thing, forceful
advice, any possibility etc.
 Ex. The room is full of gas. You must not burn
match stick.
 You must drive to the left side.

6. Must
 “must” is used with any Subject without any
change in sentence.
 “must” is used in the same way as that of
“should” in Present Tense & Future Tense.
 In Interrogative sentences, “must is used before
Subject.
 In negative sentences, “not” is used after
“must”.

7. Have to
 “have to” is used to denote “compulsion to do
the work”.
 In present tense, “have to” is used for plurals
and “has to” is used for singulars.
 In past tense “had to” is used for both singulars
& plurals.
 In future tense, “shall have to” or “will have to”
are used.
 “have to” shows the compulsion to do the work
due to external forces.

8. Have to
 Ex. Today is not a holiday. I have to go to
school.
 In present tense, to make a negative sentence
or interrogative sentence, “do” or “does” are
used.
 In positive / negative / interrogative sentences,
“have to + Verb” is used instead of verb.
 Ex. I do not have to finish the work because my
brother will do the work.
 Do I have to finish the work?
 We have to attend the meeting.

9. Would
 “would” is the past tense of “will”.
 “would” is used to show “request”.
 When Subject is generally “you” and
sometimes “please” is used at the end of the
sentence, commonly, it is Interrogative
sentence.
 “would” is also used to show choice or will/wish.

10. Would
 In interrogative / negative sentences, “would” is
used before subject. In negative sentence, “not”
is used with “would”.
 Ex. What would you have, tea or coffee?
 I would do this work.
 I would not eat this dish.

11. Could
 “could” is the past tense of “can”. “could” shows
“ability”. Sometimes, “could” is used to show
“request”.
 In interrogative sentence, “could” is used with
“you” as well.
 “could” can be replaced by “was able to”/ “were
able to”.
 Ex. I was sick. So I could not attend the party.
 Could you help me to do this sum?

12. May
 “may” shows probability of happenings.
 “may” is used for permission, purpose,
good wishes, request, blessings and
possibilities.
 Ex. May I come in Sir?
 There are clouds in the sky. It may rain.
 May God bless you.

13. Might
 “might” is the past tense of “may”.
 “might” denotes a possibility of happening.
 Ex. He might be in the class-room.

14. Thanks to ….
 http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions
 A ready reckoner in English Grammar & Composition (Std.X)
by Dineshbhai J. Shah, Dr. Janakbhai B. Shah and Bharatiben
R. Shah (Atul Prakashan)
 Grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/auxiliaries
 http://www.englisch-
hilfen.de/en/grammar_list/hilfsverben.htm
 http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-
lesson-modals.php#.VKUS98nR3IU
 http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/modalterm.htm