1. Introducing Cloud Computing
Ramkumar Lakshminarayanan

2. Computing power to business processes to personal
collaboration — is delivered to you as a service
wherever and whenever you need it.
You can think of cloud as a way to access new kinds
of technology-enabled services.
This means that not all technology-enabled business
processes will be moved to the cloud — far from it.

3. Cloud services
Services that a user actually consumes. For example, a
home consumer can use Snapfish for online photo
sharing, a business person can use NetSuite for ERP
services, a software developer can use Force.com to
create niche marketing services, an application
manager can use Amazon’s EC2 for compute.

4. Cloud computing
Refers to the underlying infrastructure that makes it
possible to scale services exponentially and flex
resources rapidly in response to variable supply and
demand.

5. Multi-tenancy
Most cloud services are multi-tenant, either at the
software layer, the infrastructure layer, or both. This
means that a single instance of software, and the
compute platform it runs on, serves multiple clients
from different companies.
Although the resources in the cloud are shared, cloud
providers are expected to have access controls and
other security in place to provide a protected
environment for each user.

6. Enterprise-class services (both
software and infrastructure)
Designed to serve the specific internal enterprise
requirements, including data security, integration,
access, configurability, reliability, and availability.

7. Global class services (both
software and infrastructure)
Designed for an external, arbitrary, and non-secured
user. Global class software is natively multi-tenant,
designed with Web 2.0 principles, massively scalable,
and relies on software based resiliency.

8. Private cloud
The terms “internal cloud” or “private cloud” are
sometimes used to express the notion of an
enterprise class virtualized and automated
infrastructure. While this is quite different than cloud-
based infrastructures, they share some similar
attributes, and can benefit from some of the same
technologies that help cloud services providers
rapidly scale.

9. Elasticity
Elasticity refers to the ability to flex to meet the
needs and preferences of users on a near real-time
basis, in response to supply and demand triggers.
In the cloud context, elasticity refers to the ability of a
service or an infrastructure to adjust to meet
fluctuating service demands by automatically
provisioning or de-provisioning resources or by
moving the service to be executed on another part of
the system.

10. Understanding the Cloud

11. One of the key indicators of a cloud service is that the
technology is abstracted away from the user.
For example, the responsibility for IT assets and the
maintenance of those assets is shifted to the cloud
service provider.
Users of cloud services are able to focus on value
received from the cloud rather than how it works.

12. The architecture of cloud services is based on a
dynamic approach that is scalable, request-driven.
In the case of infrastructure, can support a lot of
different types of workloads at the same time.
Service management, therefore, is at the forefront of
how cloud computing becomes a reality.

13. Cloud services must be architected or engineered to
enable multi-tenancy — different companies sharing
the same underlying resources.
It must be able to manage data in a way that keeps it
both accurate and secure.

14. Scale and elasticity

15. From a service provider’s perspective, one thing is
universal:
They can’t anticipate the usage volumes or demands
for services or how the services will be used by
customers.

16. Think about the rubber band and its properties. If
you’re trying to keep 100 pens together, that rubber
band needs to stretch.
However, when you remove those pens, the rubber
band resumes its original size and can now be used to
hold together a dozen pens.
How can a single rubber band accomplish both tasks?
Simply put, it is elastic and so is the cloud.

17. Self-service provisioning

18. One of the benefits of cloud services is that
customers can procure them without going through a
lengthy process.
This happens in an automated fashion as needed by
the customer.
The customer simply requests access to a service or
to an amount of compute, storage, software, or other
resources from the service provider and it is
automatically provisioned.

19. Application programming
interface

20. Cloud services have standardized Web services
interfaces that enable the customer to more easily
link cloud-based capabilities to internal applications.
What would rail transportation be like if each rail
provider had designed a different type of rail
infrastructure with different size tracks?

21. Billing and metering of services

22. Yes, there is no free lunch.
A cloud environment has to have a built-in service
that sends a bill to the customer. And, to send that
bill, usage has to be metered to measure usage.
Even free cloud services (such as Google’s Gmail or
Zoho Internet-based office) are metered.

23. Monitoring and measuring
performance

24. A cloud service provider must have a full
management environment.
This is necessary because the provider has to be able
to manage its services consistently.
Many cloud services providers will provide customers
with a dashboard so that they can monitor the level
of service they’re getting from their provider.

25. Providing security to customers

26. Many companies have compliance requirements, set
by their own organization or by an industry or
government body, for securing both internal and
external information.
You will need to gauge the security risks and
requirements and these may vary by service.
Without the right level of security, you probably will
not be able to use a provider’s offerings.

28. Questions ?