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Cell Metabolism Part 1
- 3. Energy (E) Transfer Overview Figure 4-1
- 4. Potential Energy Kinetic Energy WORK heat (~ 70% of energy used in physical exercise)
- 8. Activation Energy Fig 4-3
- 9. Endo- and Exergonic Reactions Which is which?? ATP + H 2 O ADP + P i + H + + Energy
- 12. Enzymes lower activation energy: All chemical reactions in body must be conducted at body temp.!! How do enzymes lower activation energy ?
- 16. Enzyme-substrate interaction: The old and the new model Lock and Key: Induced fit:
- 22. 2) Cofactors & Coenzymes structure: Inorganic molecules (?) function: conformational change of active site structure: Organic molecules (vitamin derivatives, FADH 2 ....) function: act as receptors & carriers for atoms or functional groups that are removed from substrate
- 23. Cofactors bind to active site
- 24. 3) Breakage of intramolecular bonds lead to ?
- 26. 3)
- 30. Reaction Rate Depends on Enzyme & Substrate Concentration
- 31. Reversible Reactions follow the Law of Mass Action
- 34. ?
- 35. Metabolism Catabolism Anabolism next time
Notas del editor
- Troponin I and T are structural components of cardiac muscle. They are released into the bloodstream with myocardial injury. They are highly specific for myocardial injury--more so than CK-MB--and help to exclude elevations of CK with skeletal muscle trauma. Troponins will begin to increase following MI within 3 to 12 hours, about the same time frame as CK-MB. However, the rate of rise for early infarction may not be as dramatic as for CK-MB. Troponins will remain elevated longer than CK--up to 5 to 9 days for troponin I and up to 2 weeks for troponin T. This makes troponins a superior marker for diagnosing myocardial infarction in the recent past--better than lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). However, this continued elevation has the disadvantage of making it more difficult to diagnose reinfarction or
- (LDH) Lactate dehydrogenase - Total LDH will begin to rise 2 to 5 days after an MI; the elevation can last 10 days. 140-280 U/L Normal Adult Range: 0 - 250 U/L Optimal Adult Reading: 125
- This can be tested by looking at Siamese cats that have been left outdoors over winter (all black), or raised in very hot climates (all white). Of course you can also put boots on the cats and get cats with white stockings, or tape down their ears and get white ears.