The presentations describes how smart engineering systems are to play a major role in energy systems of today and tomrrow.

1. Smart Systems
for
Energy Management
Dr. R S Shekhawat
rajveer1957@hotmail.com

2. What is ‘Smart’?
• Oxford dictionary:
(Of a device/System) programmed so as to be capable
of some independent action.
• Example: Smart Transmitters have capability of:
– Configuration
– Re-ranging/auto-calibration
– Standalone/independent [communication]
– Signal conditioning
– Self-diagnosis
Note: The above arguments can be extended to systems.

3. Example 1
Smart Transmitters have capability of:
– Configuration
– Re-ranging/auto-calibration
– Standalone/independent [communication]
– Signal conditioning
– Self-diagnosis

4. Additional benefits derived out of its’
smartness
• Ease of installation and communication,
• Self-diagnosis,
• improved readability and reliability.
• Less subject to effects of temperature and humidity
than analog devices.
• although vibration can still affect them, the effects are
far less than with analog devices.
• Smart [transmitters] also provide increased accuracy.
• And because can replace several different types of
devices, using them allows for inventory reduction.

5. Requisite Capabilities for smartness for
a system
Inherently transparent: all the functionality of the system
be exposed to the external world by incorporating an
information gathering and storage system (computing
engine: CE). This can be done by
• Sensors to acquire operating parameters and feed
these to the internal CE
• Processing of primary data to extract useful
information for sharing with its overarching system
• Communication subsystems for timely and efficiently
with sufficient security mechanism

6. Smart Energy Eco-System

7. Smart Grid
The "smart grid" has come to describe a next-generation
electrical power system that is typified by the
increased use of communications and information
technology in the generation, delivery and
consumption of electrical energy.
Its main components which also need smartness are:
1. Sources of power: power plants (thermal, solar, wind,
Hydro etc.
2. Transmission and Distribution Network
3. Consumption points (homes, commercial, industry
etc.)
4. IT infrastructure

9. Smart Grid Goals
Sustainable, Secure, Environmentally Safe Energy
• Reduce utility operating costs
• Improve grid reliability
• Increase energy efficiency
– Overall demand reduction
– Reduce end-to-end system losses
– Peak demand shifting (C&I, residential)
– Soft” consumer-driven “demand response”
– Verifiable, centrally controlled demand response
• “Integrate renewable generation
– Intermittent, bulk generation
– Distributed Renewable Generation (DRG)
• Support electric transportation transition
– Commercial and personal vehicles (PHEV)

10. Smart Grid Infrastructure
• Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
– Smart meters and associated hardware installations
• Electric Vehicle (EV) Management Systems
– Both in-home and distributed charging infrastructure
• Distribution Automation (DA) systems
– Communications, sensors, equipment for distribution
– optimization and management
• Substation Automation (SA)
– Intelligent substation components and communications
• Transmission System Upgrades
– High-voltage lines, FACTS equipment, and related
– communications gear

11. Power Sources
• Use SCADA systems to monitor and control
the operations
• The SCADA computers are connected over IP
network
• All the operational and supervisory
parameters of plants can be easily monitored
remotely

12. The Transmission and Distribution Grid
• Grid meters are installed at interconnecting
points of various sub-grids so as to monitor
power borrowed or lent
• Grid meters are also installed at end points of the
grids such as inflow of power from plants.
• These grid meters are embedded systems which
can monitor the energy flow at various time
along with its quality.
• This information is accessed by the utility or
distribution agency to monitor the energy flows
and health of the power system.

13. End Users
• Smart Homes
• Smart Buildings
• Smart Industries

14. Advanced Metering Infrastructure
• Smart meters
• Communication sub-system (Home Area
Network)
• In-home Display device
• Smart appliances

15. Design attributes for smart meters
• Convert consumption in digital values, store & display
(The conversion must be high resolution (few ml))
• Have good local amount of memory for local storage
(upto a month)
• Flag/log different type of events (e.g. excess usage)
• Event-driven communications with minimum delay
• Inbuilt self diagnosis
• Auto-calibration
• Stop/resume flow switch

16. The desired behaviour of a Smart
Meter
• Record the consumption with best possible accuracy
• Report energy consumption at any interval & on
excessive consumption
• Elicit behavior of consumption patterns
• Correlate consumption rates with appliances in house
• Govern consumption by set limits (prepay mode)
• Raise alerts/alarms for tampers
• Remotely readable and controllable (tariff and supply)
• Improved revenue collection with lower overheads

17. Communication systems (Home Area
Network)
• Wired or wireless
• DLMS
• Metering Bus (Mbus)
• ZWave
• Bluetooth
• ZigBee
• Wi-Fi
• GSM/GPRS
• Mesh Radio

18. Smart Meters and IHD

19. Smart Appliances
• Smart Appliances offer energy management
links to HAN or internet
• In the United States, ARRA stimulus initiatives
driving some key pilots
• Some major vendors (LG, Whirlpool, GE)
providing early units
• Standards for HAN connectivity moving toward
ZigBee and HomePlug
• Market likely to be slowed by slow HAN
adoption by utilities

20. Smart Home

22. © Secure Meters Ltd

23. Thanks