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Lost Opportunity
The 2005 Industry and Dealership eBusiness
                        Performance Study
Key Contributors

                         Kevin Root
                         V. P. The Cobalt Group

                         Bill Owen
                         Sr. Operations Manager, The Cobalt Group

                         Tyler Anderson
                         Design and Development Manager, The Cobalt Group

                         Peter Kahn
                         Product Manager, The Cobalt Group

                         Dawn Wilson
                         Behavioral Researcher, The Cobalt Group

                         Laura DeBuys
                         Director, Retail Insight, The Cobalt Group

                         Dean Evans
                         V.P. Marketing, Dealix Corporation

                         Prasad Wagle
                         Engineering Operations Manager, Dealix Corporation




Corporate Headquarters

                         The Cobalt Group, Inc.
                         2200 First Avenue South
                         Suite 400
                         Seattle, WA 98134
                         USA
                         800-909-8244
                         www.cobaltgroup.com
Table of Contents


                    Key Contributors ...................................................................................................2
                    Corporate Headquarters .......................................................................................2
                    Table of Contents..................................................................................................3
                    Overview ...............................................................................................................4
                    Approach...............................................................................................................5
                    Key Findings .........................................................................................................7
                    Key Finding: Significant Lost Opportunities ..........................................................8
                    Key Finding: Quality of Lead Response Decreasing...........................................12
                    Key Finding: Brand Defection Widespread .........................................................14
                    Key Finding: Customers Likely to Consider Used Alternative .............................16
                    Key Finding: Most Customers Have a Short Purchase Time Frame...................18
                    Key Finding: High Performers Have a Unique Behavioral Profile .......................19
                    Implications of Key Findings ...............................................................................21
                    Comparative OEM Data ......................................................................................22
                      Appendix A: Geographic Distribution of Dealerships in Study .........................23
                      Appendix B: Why Me, Why Make/Model Initial Lead Response ......................24
                      Appendix D: Online Pricing Matrix...................................................................27
                      Appendix E: No Response Follow-up Template ..............................................28
                      Appendix F: Additional Information Template..................................................29
2005 Industry and Dealership
                                      eBusiness Performance Study



Overview

           The Cobalt Group initiated The 2005 Dealership eBusiness Performance Study
           to obtain a concise understanding of how well dealerships are performing in the
           handling of Internet leads. The study examines overall industry performance as
           well as specific business practices differentiating low and high performers.
           Several key questions were established to guide the project:
                    What are current industry ebusiness performance levels?
                    How much Internet “lost opportunity” occurs at typical dealerships?
                    What are high performing dealerships doing to successfully convert
                    Internet opportunities?
                    What are customer expectations and how are high performing dealers
                    meeting customer expectations?
           The study examines 1.1 million third-party leads over 15 months of sales
           performance. The 1,329 dealerships studied spanned U.S. geography and
           covered 36 major manufacturer brands.
           Cobalt employed a unique approach to conduct this study, using a variety of
           research tools to examine all aspects of dealership lead handling.
Approach

                             Research and analysis included lead matching, telephone surveys, onsite
                             evaluations and eMystery shopping. Details of the approach are as follows:
                             Dealership Selection
                             1,538 dealerships subscribing to a third party lead provider were identified as
                             potential subjects for this study. These selected dealers had been receiving leads
                             for the entire 12-month lead analysis period that ran from April 1, 2004 through
                             March 31, 2005.




                                  Closing Ratio Bell Curve for Dealership Sample
                       400




                       300
           # Dealers




                       200




                       100




                        0
                        0-2%            3-5%             6-8%            9-11%           12-14%            15-17%         18-20%           21-23%         24+%




                             Of the 1,538 total dealerships identified as the pool of subjects, R.L. Polk & Co.1
                             was able to match 1,329 of these dealerships with the R.L. Polk selling
                             dealership data. These 1,329 dealerships received a total of 1,157,642 third party
                             leads submitted by customers between April 1, 2004 and March 30, 2005. These
                             are the leads that were evaluated in the lead matching element of this project as
                             described below.
                             Additionally, the dealerships evaluated in this project covered all brands and
                             included geographical locations throughout the 48 contiguous states.2




                             1 R. L. Polk & Co. is a privately held provider of automotive information and marketing solutions based in Southfield,
                             Michigan.
                             2 See Appendix A for detail on geographic distribution of selected dealers.




                                                                                                                                                      5
Lead Matching
R. L. Polk & Co. conducted a matching analysis of these leads to determine
which leads actually resulted in a vehicle sale. Each lead evaluated was given a
window of at least 3 months to determine whether or not it resulted in a vehicle
sale. The results of this matching provided data describing close rates, time to
close, and whether or not leads were closed at the dealership receiving the lead.
Telephone Survey
A telephone survey was conducted with over 4,000 actual retail customers that
submitted leads. This survey provided valuable information, from the customer’s
perspective, about their experience with the dealership’s handling of their lead. It
also provided important information on prospect behavior as it relates to brand
switching. These telephone surveys were conducted with retail customers that
                                                                               3
submitted leads to both average performing and high performing dealerships .
Onsite Evaluations
Of the 1,329 dealerships evaluated, Cobalt visited 20 of the high performing
dealerships, as measured by closing rates, to better understand dealership
business practices and their influence on dealership performance. These
dealerships are among the top 50, or top 5%, in closing ratio of all dealerships
evaluated.
Terminology
It is important to clearly understand key terminology used in this document. To
this end, some definitions are provided below:


             Intended Dealership                         The dealership to which the lead
                                                         was sent
             Other Dealership                            Any dealership other than the
                                                         intended dealership
             Intended Make                               The vehicle make and model
                                                         described in the lead
             Other Make                                  Any make other than the intended
                                                         make
Corroborative Research
Cobalt conducts large-scale industry eMystery Shops on an ongoing basis to
better understand the state of the industry. This information provides a reliable
industry benchmark and view of industry trends to better understand dealership
performance on a large scale.
Cobalt’s eMystery studies routinely include the evaluation of dealership
responses to Internet leads. This includes an evaluation of individual dealership
response time, as well as the quality of the dealership response in addressing
mystery shopper questions. This process involves evaluation of an actual
response, not merely an “auto” response from the dealership.
                                           rd
Using the eMystery studies, data from the 3 party lead matching analysis, the
telephone survey and our onsite evaluations provides a comprehensive view of
dealership performance.




3 For the purposes of this study, high performing dealers are defined as dealers in the top 5%in terms of closing ratio of
the research pool as determined by R.L. Polk matching data.




                                                                                                                             6
Key Findings

               The key findings from this comprehensive analysis are:
                        Most dealerships are experiencing a significant amount of “lost
                        opportunities.”
                        Dealership responsiveness to leads is improving, but the quality of
                        those responses is diminishing.
                        Brand defection from the intended make of the lead is widespread.
                        Customers submitting leads are likely to consider, and purchase, a used
                        alternative to a new vehicle lead.
                        Most customers submitting a lead have a short purchase timeframe.
                        High performing dealers have a unique operational profile.
               Each of these key findings will be discussed in more detail below.




                                                                                              7
Key Finding: Significant Lost Opportunities

                         While a significant percentage of leads convert to a sale, a large percentage of
                         those leads converted are not closed at the intended dealership. Most of the
                         leads that result in a sale do so at a dealership other than the intended
                         dealership. These leads that each dealership has the opportunity to close to a
                         sale, but loses the lead to another dealership, represent “lost opportunities”. The
                         series of graphs below describes the findings and illustrates the large number of
                         lost opportunities.
                         Of all the third party leads evaluated by R.L. Polk, 56% of the leads resulted in a
                         vehicle sale, while 44% of the leads did not result in a vehicle sale.

                              100%
                                                 Leads not converted
                                                      to a sale

                                                        512,685
                               75%

                                                         44%


                               50%
    56% of the                                  Leads converted
    Leads Resulted                                  to a sale
    In a Sale – 44%
    Did Not                                           644,957
                               25%

                                                      56%


                                0%




                                          All New Vehicle Leads
                               Based on registration information supplied by R.L. Polk & Co.




                                                                                                           8
Of those leads that resulted in a sale, 92% of the sales occurred at a dealership
                        other than the “intended” dealership – the dealership to which the lead was sent.
                        This 92% represents “lost opportunity” – or – leads over which the dealership had
                        some control, but lost the sales opportunity to another dealership.



                         100%


                                        Leads not converted
                                             to a sale
Only 8% of Leads          75%
                                                512,685
that Converted to a
                                                  44%
Sale Closed at the
                          50%
Intended Dealer                        Leads converted
                                          to a sale                          100%                 52,408
92% Closed at “Other"     25%                644,957
                                                                              75%         Sold at “Other”
Dealerships =                                                                                 Dealer
Lost Opportunity                               56%                            50%               592,549
                           0%
                                                                              25%
                                                                                                 92%
                                                                               0%


                                All New Vehicle Leads                               All Leads Converted
                                                                                          to a Sale

                         Based on registration information supplied by R.L. Polk & Co.
                         Sales/leases adjusted for matching efficiency by a factor of 1.36, which represents a 73%
                         historical match rate.




                                                                                                                     9
Looking at “lost opportunity” on an even finer level of detail shows the types of
vehicles ultimately purchased by those leads that were purchased at a dealership
other than the intended dealer. These leads converted to the following types of
results:
          24% - Intended Make (New). These are leads that purchased the same
          make vehicle as available at the intended dealership, but the sale was
          made at a competing, or other, dealership.
          Example: An example of this type of lead would be a lead for a Ford
          vehicle sent to Dealership X. The lead was converted to a sale of a Ford
          vehicle, but at a Ford dealership other than Dealership X.
          34% Other Make (New). These are leads that resulted in the customer
          purchasing a new competing brand at an “other” dealership.
          Example: Continuing our example from above, the lead for the Ford
          vehicle converted to any other brand – Chevrolet, Chrysler, Toyota, etc.
          42% - Used (Any Make). These leads converted to a used vehicle of
          any make at a dealership other than the intended dealership.
          Example: The lead for the new Ford vehicle converted to a used unit of
          any make at an “other” dealership – Honda, Nissan, GM, etc.




                                      Lost Opportunity
 Based on registration information supplied by R.L. Polk & Co. Sales/leases have been adjusted for
 matching efficiency by a factor of 1.36, which represents a 73% historical match rate.




                                                                                                     10
As depicted in the graph above, the lost opportunity is more concisely defined as
66% Purchased the       the leads that resulted in a sale of the intended make at an “other” dealership
Intended or a Used      (24%) and the leads that resulted in a used vehicle at an “other” dealership
Vehicle at an “Other”   (42%) for a total of 66%.
Dealership              Those leads converting to an “other” make at an “other” dealership have been
                        intentionally excluded from this definition. Our phone survey analysis determined
                        that the primary reason customers make a purchase at another dealership is to
                        switch away from the intended brand.
                        Given the strength of this consumer behavior, we have isolated the lost
                        opportunity to those leads over which the intended dealership has more influence
                        or control – those leads where a customer (lead) bought the same make at an
                        “other” dealership, and those leads where the consumer (lead) purchased a used
                        vehicle at an “other” dealership. Note that even with this more concise definition,
                        66% of those leads converting at an “other” dealership, converted to a sale the
                        intended dealership could have fulfilled.
                        In summary, the amount of lost opportunity over which dealers have some level
                        of control is significant.




                                                                                                        11
Key Finding: Quality of Lead Response Decreasing

                       Our comprehensive approach to this research also provides clarity around the
                       role a quality response plays in the consumer’s decision to do business with a
                       dealership. As determined by our telephone surveys of customers that submitted
                       a lead, other than price, the second most cited primary reason for doing business
                       with a dealership is a “good, quick response” to the lead. It is evident from this
                       data that in order to fully engage a customer and proceed with the selling
                       process, that a good, quick response is absolutely essential - especially if the
                       dealership is in close proximity to the customer (the third most cited primary
                       reason for buying a vehicle from the intended dealership is the proximity of the
                       dealership.)



                          What is the primary reason you bought a vehicle from the
                                           (intended) dealership?

                                                                         Trade-In (fair trade-in value offered)
                                                                         Other
                                                                         Existing Relationship (with dealership)
                               0.7%
                                                                         Inventory (had what looking for)
                                                                         Proximity (dealership in close proximity)
                               1.2%                                      Dealership Response (good, quick)
    Customers Cite                                                       Price (price was competitive)
    Importance                        4.3%
    of a Quality
    Response                Inventory         9.6%

                            Proximity (dealership) 14.2%

                            Dealership Response (good, quick) 21.4%

                            Price (price was competitive)                                                39.3%



                          0%          5%     10%     15%      20%      25%      30%         35%        40%           45%




                                                                                                            12
Over the past year, dealerships have improved the timeliness of their responses
to leads. However, the quality of their responses is diminishing. This is important
because we know, from the consumers’ perspective, the important role the
quality of the response plays in the consumer’s decision to continue the sales
process with the dealer.
When comparing results from Cobalt industry eMystery Shopping studies
conducted in 2004 and 2005, it is clear that dealership responsiveness to leads is
improving.



                   Industry eMystery Responsiveness
                                                        2004         2005
  Overall Responsiveness                                60.0%        69.7%

  Response Time Average (hrs)                           9.5          6.5



However, over the same period, the quality of the response is diminishing. In this
data, the quality of the response is determined by an evaluation of whether or not
the dealership responded to the questions presented them by the consumer – in
this case, the eMystery shopper.



                            Quality of Responses


                                                        2004               2005

  Answered the Shoppers’ Questions                      38.2%        25.9%

  Used Brand or Product Highlights                      NA           23.9%




                                                                                  13
Key Finding: Brand Defection Widespread

                       Brand defection from the intended make of the lead is widespread.
                       Consumers that ultimately purchase a vehicle from a dealer other than the
                       intended dealership, frequently do so in order to purchase a brand other than the
                       intended lead. This interest in a different brand is the primary reason cited by
                       customers for purchasing a vehicle from a dealer other than the dealership to
                       which the lead was initially sent.
                       We apply the term “brand defection” to describe these leads – leads for a certain
                       make that were ultimately converted to a sale of another make.




                              100%
                                                   Intended Make (New)
                                                          144,842
                                                                         24%
                               75%
                                                    Other Make (New)

                               50%                      199,656        34%

                                                  Used (Any Make)
                               25%

                                                      248,051        42%
                                 0%
                                             All “Missed” Sales




                                                                                                      14
Additionally, the telephone survey data generated in this research project
                     provides consistent insight to the lead matching data described above. Of those
                     customers that submitted a lead to one dealership, and made a purchase from
                     another dealership, the most frequent (55.4%) primary reason cited was to
                     purchase another brand.



                     What is the primary reason you bought a vehicle from another
                                             dealership?



                           0.2%                   Trade-In (poor trade-in value offered)
                                                  Other
                            1.1%                  Existing Relationship (none with this dealership)
                                                  Proximity (dealership in distant proximity)
                              1.5%                Inventory (inadequate)
                                                  Price (price was not competitive)
Brand Defection is             3.3%               Dealership Response (poor, slow)
High                                              Other Brand (customer decided to buy a different brand new vehicle)
                                3.7%

                          Price (too high) 14.4%
                           Dealership Response      20.4%

                           Other Brand                                                                     55.4%



                       0.0%
                               Other Brand (customer decided to buy a 40.0%
                                   10.0%       20.0%      30.0%                   50.0%      60.0%
                                                                      different brand new vehicle)



                     In summary, this data provides a clear picture of a consistent customer tendency
                     – to engage in a thorough comparison of brands, with an ultimate purchase
                     decision impacted in significant proportion by the brand itself.




                                                                                                              15
Key Finding: Customers Likely to Consider Used Alternative

                        Customers submitting a new vehicle lead are very likely to consider a used
                        vehicle alternative.
                        Of those customers that purchase a vehicle from a dealership other than the
                        intended dealership, there is a high likelihood they will ultimately purchase a
                        used vehicle. For dealerships avoiding presentation of a used vehicle alternative
                        to a new car lead, a large number of opportunities may be lost.
                        Of those leads that converted to a sale at a dealership other than the intended
                        dealer (“other” dealerships), 42% purchased a used vehicle of any make.




                               100%
                                                    Intended Make (New)
                                                           144,842
                                                                          24%
                                75%
                                                     Other Make (New)

                                50%                      199,656        34%

                                                   Used (Any Make)
                                25%

                                                       248,051        42%
                                  0%
                                              All “Missed” Sales




                                                                                                          16
Clearly, those customers submitting a new car lead are very likely to entertain a
                           used vehicle alternative. Additionally, the more time that elapses from the time
                           the lead is submitted to closing, the more likely it will convert to a used vehicle
                           sale. This is illustrated in the graph below:




                                                                           D is t ribut io n o f Le a d O ut c o m e s


                                                 100%


The Longer the Lead                              90%


Takes To Close, the                              80%

Higher the Likelihood It
                             % of Closed Leads




                                                 70%

Will Be a Used Vehicle                           60%

                                                 50%

                                                 40%
                                                                                                                                    55%
         35%                                     30%                                                              53%
                                                                                   49%
                                                 20%

                                                 10%      20%

                                                  0%
                                                        30 days or less              31-60                        61- 90         91days or more

                                                                                             Days to Close                        55%
                                                               Used                     Other Make
                                                                                                         53%               Intended New
                                                                          49%

                            Based on registration information supplied by R.L. Polk & Co. Sales/leases have been adjusted
                            for matching efficiency by a factor of 1.36, which represents a 73% historical match rate
                            Elapsed time between the date of lead submission and date of lead




                                                                                                                                       17
Key Finding: Most Customers Have a Short Purchase Time Frame

                      Customers that submit leads have a short timeframe for purchase. In fact, a very
                      large portion of the sales associated with leads occurred within 30 days. Given
                      this, ineffective dealership communication and/or Internet sales processes that
                      are not executed well within this timeframe are likely to see prospective
                      customers going elsewhere for their vehicle needs.
                      As illustrated below, 42% of the leads that converted to a sale did so within 30
                      days of the initial submission of the lead. Additionally, 68% of the leads closed to
                      a sale within 90 days of the initial submission of the lead.



                                                                       Time to close a lead
                                                                    Time to Close a Lead
                                                300,000
                                                          273,886


                                                250,000

                                                                                            68%
                                                                                                           204,486
                       Number of Closed Leads




                                                200,000


 42% of Leads                                              42%
 That Will Convert                              150,000


 to a Sale Do So                                                       103,130
                                                                                                            32%
 Within 30 Days                                 100,000


                                                                                                 63,455

                                                 50,000                 16%
                                                                                                  10%

                                                     0
                                                                                 Days to Close
                                                          <30          31-60                     61-90    >90




                                                                                                                     18
Key Finding: High Performers Have a Unique Behavioral Profile

                        Of the 1,329 dealerships evaluated, Cobalt visited 20 of the high-performing
                        dealerships, as measured by closing rates, to better understand dealership
                        business practices and their influence on dealership performance. These
                        dealerships are among the top 50, or top 5%, in closing ratio of all dealerships
                        evaluated.
                        Each dealership provided information about their dealership to the interviewer. A
                        composite profile of the 20 high performing dealerships, based on this dealer
                        provided information, is as follows:
                                       Receive an average of 428 Internet leads per month
                                       68% of their leads come from 3rd Party providers
                                       Internet sales average 14% of the total dealership sales
                                       Stated their average closing ratio was 11%
                                       24% of their Internet Sales are used vehicle sales
                                       Internet sales have an average combined (front and back-end) gross
                                       profit of $1,571
                        Examining high performing dealership practices relative to the key findings of this
                        revealed the following:
                        Responsiveness and the Short Buying Cycle
                        High performing dealerships are aware of, and capitalize on, the relatively brief
                        window of opportunity between lead and sale by responding quickly to customers
                        submitting a lead. In addition, the high performing dealerships Cobalt
                        interviewed augment a rapid email response with a phone call.
                        Of the high performers interviewed:
                                       89% reported they either respond, or have a goal to respond in 6 hours
                                       or less from the time the lead is received
                                       73% reported they either respond, or have a goal to respond in 60
                                       minutes or less
                                       89% indicate they make a phone call to the customer at the same time,
                                       or shortly after, their lead response
                        Quality Response
                        Furthermore, actual examples of initial responses from high-performing
                                                                                            4
                        dealerships provide additional insight to how this is accomplished.
                        Used Vehicles
                        Given this, it is no surprise that a majority of the high performing dealerships are
                        also willing to suggest used alternatives:
                                  74% of the high performers interviewed are willing to offer a used
                                  alternative to a new car lead
                        A high quality response also includes answering the price question. Although
                        providing price in an initial response has long been a subject of debate, this
                        research clearly indicates that customers want their questions answered, and
                        high-performing dealerships do just that. The onsite dealership evaluations
                        provided important insight to how high performing dealerships handle this
                        important element of a quality response.5
                        Of the high-performing dealerships interviewed:
                        4
                            See Appendices B and C for sample responses.
                        5 See Appendix D for a sample pricing matrix from a high performing dealership.



                                                                                                            19
87% state they always answer the customer’s primary question
             77% provide price to customers without hesitation
Follow-up
A common characteristic of the high performing dealerships interviewed by
Cobalt was the recognition of the importance of maintaining contact and
communication with those leads that don’t make a near term purchase over an
                 6
extended period.
             63% of the high performers interviewed place leads in a CRM system
             for long term follow up and marketing efforts.
In order to ensure that effective customer follow up occurs in both the near and
long term, some high performing dealerships do a good job of establishing,
documenting, and implementing a clear Internet sales process.7




6 See Appendix E and F for sample follow-up templates from high performing dealerships.
7 An example of such a process can be found in Appendix G.




                                                                                          20
Implications of Key Findings

                        Most dealerships are experiencing a significant amount of “lost
                        opportunities”
                        Until dealership management realizes the extent of lost opportunities, and the
                        financial implications of poor lead handling approaches, they are unlikely to
                        develop a comprehensive and robust system for handling such leads. However,
                        once dealership managers place a mishandled Internet lead on the same level as
                        an unanswered phone call, or a walk-up customer receiving no sales assistance,
                        then real improvement can take place.
                        Dealership responsiveness to leads is improving, but the quality of those
                        responses is diminishing
                        Although a rapid response is important to the Internet customer, they want more
                        than just a speedy response to their lead – they want the information they
                        request. Successful dealers take a no-nonsense approach to their Internet
                        customer interactions – answering their questions in a straightforward and honest
                        fashion. This is a prerequisite to the continuation of the sales process. This is
                        the approach consistently deployed among high performers.
                        Brand defection from the intended make of the lead is widespread
                        Given this dynamic in the market, there are important implications for the sales
                        approach employed by each dealership. Because such a high percentage of
                        leads are likely to be comparison shopped among brands, it is important for
                        dealerships to not only provide Internet prospects with information about their
                        individual dealership, but also to proactively and effectively sell the make and
                        model against likely alternatives. Instead of a “why me” sales approach,
                        dealerships need to be prepared to present a “why me, why make/model”
                        message to the customer.8
                        Customers submitting leads are likely to consider, and purchase, a used
                        alternative to a new vehicle lead
                        This introduces another important consideration for the dealership sales
                        approach – the willingness to offer used vehicle alternatives to new vehicle leads.
                        The high performing dealers Cobalt interviewed indicated they operate from a
                        very open, forthcoming approach with Internet prospects. This extends to their
                        approach of offering a used vehicle alternative to new vehicle lead customers.
                        Most customers have a short purchase timeframe
                        It is clear from the data that most Internet customers are buying in the near term,
                        meaning Internet leads should not be overlooked. Establishing consistent
                        business practices to respond to customers quickly is an important initial step to
                        meet the customer’s timeframe for an intended vehicle purchase.
                        High performing dealers have a unique operational profile
                        High performing dealers exhibit common behaviors that seem to mitigate the
                        effect of the other findings of the study. However, although their track record is
                        better than the average and low performing dealers, they too suffer from a high
                        degree of lost opportunity. All dealers should mimic the practices of the high
                        performers – and then go further to address the issue of lost opportunity at the
                        dealership.




                        8 See Appendix B for an example of an initial dealership response that applies this approach.




                                                                                                                        21
Comparative OEM Data

                       In addition, this study included comparative OEM performance data of 36 OEMS
                       in the area of new vehicle lead conversion rates. This analysis illustrates a wide
                       variance among OEMs in the rates at which third party leads convert to sales.
                       Three examples of these findings are provided below:
                                When leads are segmented by the intended manufacturer (OEM)
                                identified by the consumer in the lead, the highest performing
                                manufacturer converted the lead to a sale of any new vehicle make or
                                model at a rate over 41%, and the leads assigned to the lowest
                                performing manufacturer converted at a rate of 21%. The industry
                                average rate is 32%. For example, if a lead is submitted for a Brand A
                                vehicle, this data illustrates the rate at which this Brand A lead converts
                                to a sale of any make or model vehicle – indicating the general
                                propensity for consumers of this brand to make a purchase.
                                Using this same approach of segmenting leads by the intended
                                manufacturer identified by the consumer in the lead, there is a
                                significant variance among brands in the rate at which consumers
                                follow-through and ultimately make a purchase of the vehicle make
                                identified in the lead. The highest conversion rate to the intended
                                manufacturer was over 59%, and the lowest is 21%. The industry
                                average is 39%. For example, if a lead is submitted for a Brand A
                                vehicle, and converts to a sale, this data illustrates the percentage of
                                those sales that are converted to a Brand A vehicle. The findings
                                clearly illustrate the varying levels of consumer follow through to a
                                purchase as a function of the brand identified in the lead.
                                There is also a wide range in the rate at which consumers redirect their
                                purchases away from the intended manufacturer identified in the original
                                lead and purchase a vehicle of a different manufacturer. The
                                manufacturer making the most impact in this area made sales to over
                                15% of all those customers that redirected their purchases, and the
                                least impact by a manufacturer was less than 1%. On average each
                                manufacturer sold a vehicle to 2.8% of those consumers that redirected
                                their actual purchase away from the intent of their lead. For example,
                                this data illustrates the impact Brand A may have in making sales on
                                leads that were initially intended for another brand.
                       Additional data for performance of 36 OEMs in this study is in the Cobalt report,
                       Lost Opportunity and the OEMS – A Companion Piece to The 2005 eBusiness
                       Industry and Dealership Performance Study. OEMs interested in this data should
                       contact their Cobalt representative at 800-909-8244 for more details.




                                                                                                           22
Appendix A: Geographic Distribution of Dealerships in Study




                                                              23
Appendix B: Why Me, Why Make/Model Initial Lead Response9

Dealership Street Address
Dealership City, State, Zip
Salesperson eMail Link
Phone: (777) 777-7777

Hello [INSERT CUSTOMER NAME],
RE: Honda Accord DX Price Quote
Really appreciate the request for a Honda Accord. My name is <Salesperson Name>. I’m on the Internet
Team at <Dealership Name>. Below are links to Online Brochures, In Stock Inventory, Gas Mileage
Estimations, Safety Ratings, Third Party Write Ups and we have some Great Lease Programs running.


The 2005 Honda Accord DX-Value Package, sedan automatic has the “NO Fuss” Clearance Price:
$17995.00 (see Lease offer below).


DX Value Package: is an Accord with: factory Air Conditioning; Power Windows; AM/FM/CD-Player; ABS
Brakes; Front/Side/Curtain Air Bags; 160-hp V-TEC engine.


(Link to electronic brochure)

What does <Salesperson Name> in the Internet Department do for you? He gets you a straightforward NO
HASSLE-NO HAGGLE, car buying experience.

                                                                    (Link to Specials)

If you're tired of the way you used to buy cars, then give <Salesperson Name> a call @ <Phone Number>
extension 413 or <Phone Number> If you don't ask for <Salesperson Name>., he can't help you.


                                              Everyday 110% Low-Price protection Guarantee
                                                         (Hyperlink to dealership website)


Our commitment to you: We are committed to exceeding your expectations.
To better serve you, <Salesperson Name> is available to you BY APPOINTMENT. My standard working
week is Monday through Sunday, by appointment. If you happen to pop in have <Salesperson Name>
paged.




<Dealership Name> has been awarded the Highest Honor of the Honda President's Award. We were
awarded this for 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, for Outstanding Customer Support, before and
after the Sale! This is unmatched.




9
    (Note: formatting and contact information has been changed to preserve privacy.)




                                                                                                        24
If I'm not here bring this letter directly to my partners <Alternate Salesperson Name> or <Alternate
Salesperson Name>.


Thank you in advance,
<Salesperson Name>. I'll be sending you information, shortly.

This is an automated response! The only way I know how to assist you is through your feedback and
responses.

Sincerely,
Director of Internet Operations
Cell Phone: <Phone Number>
Office: <Phone Number>
Toll Free: <Phone Number> Ext: 413
Fax Number: <Phone Number>
<Dealership Name>
<Dealership Address>
Honda President’s Award Icon


This Internet Offer is not valid with any other offer, ad or advertisement. Offers valid on factory equipped in
stock merchandise. Leases and Interest Rate Programs are with approved credit.

CLICK HERE (hyperlink) and reply REMOVE to be removed from this e-mail list.




                                                                                                              25
Appendix C: High Performing Dealership Initial Response 10



Dear (Customer Name),


Thank you for your online inquiry and for providing us this opportunity to earn your valued business.


The all-new 2006 Lexus RX400 Hybrid AWD is a combination of performance and luxury fueled by
innovative technology. The new RX Hybrid has an Electronically-controlled Continuously Variable
Transmission (ECVT) with a 3.3-liter, 24-valve with continuously Variable Valve Timing with intelligence
(VVT-i) engine with On-Demand All-Wheel Drive. Offering an amazing 268 total system horsepower this new
Hybrid model is sure to blow you away with an estimated fuel consumption of 31/27 mpg city/highway. All of
this and more!


2006 Lexus RX400 H pricing:
With heated seats MSRP $49,725, Selling Price $48,725 plus applicable taxes and fees
With heated seats & Mark Levinson Sound System MSRP $50,705, Selling Price $49,705 plus applicable
taxes and fees
With heated seats, Mark Levinson Sound System & Rear DVD Entertainment System MSRP $52,545,
Selling Price $51,545 plus applicable taxes and fees


The RX440H Safety Features include:
*Dual advanced front airbags, driver and passenger knee airbags, front and rear side curtain shield airbags,
front seat mounted side-impact airbags, front seatbelt pretensioners with force limiters and manual height
adjustment anchors, 3-point safety belts for all seating positions.




10
     (Note: formatting and contact information has been changed to preserve privacy.)




                                                                                                          26
Appendix D: Online Pricing Matrix

<Dealership Name> Online Pricing Matrix   Sept 2005
                                                                          Incentive   Incentive   Mark-up
Year        Make     Model          Model #   Trim Level                  End Date    $ Amount    Type      $ Mark Up   % Mark Up
2005        Toyota   2005 4Runner   8642      2WD SR5 V6                  10/1/2005   $1,000      Invoice               1.50%
2005        Toyota   2006 4Runner   8646      2WD Sport V6                9/7/2005    $1,000      Invoice               1.50%
2005        Toyota   2007 4Runner   8648      2WD Limited V6              10/1/2005   $1,000      Invoice               2%
2005        Toyota   2008 4Runner   8664      4WD SR5 V6                  10/1/2005   $1,000      Invoice   $300
2005        Toyota   2009 4Runner   8666      4WD Sport V6                10/1/2005   $1,000      Invoice   $300
2005        Toyota   2010 4Runner   8668      4WD Limited V6              10/1/2005   $1,000      Invoice               2%
2005        Toyota   2011 4Runner   8672      4 Door SR5 V8               10/1/2005   $2,500      Invoice   $300
2005        Toyota   2012 4Runner   8676      4 Door Sport V8             10/1/2005   $2,500      Invoice   $300
2005        Toyota   2013 4Runner   8678      4 Door Limited V8           10/1/2005   $2,500      Invoice               2%
2005        Toyota   2014 4Runner   8682      4WD 4 Door SR5 V8           10/1/2005   $2,500      Invoice   $300
2005        Toyota   2015 4Runner   8686      4WD 4 Door Sport V8         10/1/2005   $2,500      Invoice   $300
2005        Toyota   2016 4Runner   8688      4WD 4 Door Limited V8       10/1/2005   $2,500      Invoice               2%
2005        Toyota   2005 Avalon    3534      4 Door XL Sedan Auto                    $0          MSRP      $0          0%
2005        Toyota   2006 Avalon    3538      4 Door Touring Sedan Auto               $0          MSRP      $0          0%
2005        Toyota   2007 Avalon    3544      4 Door XLS Sedan Auto                   $0          MSRP      $0          0%
2005        Toyota   2008 Avalon    3554      4 Door Limited Sedan Auto               $0          MSRP      $0          0%
2005        Toyota   2005 Camry     2415      STD                                     $750        Invoice   -$500
2005        Toyota   2006 Camry     2513      STD Manual                  10/1/2005   $1,500      Invoice   -$500
2005        Toyota   2007 Camry     2514      STD Auto                    10/1/2005   $1,500      Invoice   -$500
2005        Toyota   2008 Camry     2531      LE Manual                   10/1/2005   $1,500      Invoice   -$500
2005        Toyota   2009 Camry     2532      LE Auto                     10/1/2005   $1,500      Invoice   -$500
2005        Toyota   2010 Camry     2540      XLE                         10/1/2005   $1,500      Invoice   -$500
2005        Toyota   2011 Camry     2545      4 Door SE Manual                        $1,000      Invoice   -$500
2005        Toyota   2012 Camry     2546      SE                          10/1/2005   $1,500      Invoice   -$500
2005        Toyota   2013 Camry     2550      SE V6                       10/1/2005   $1,500      Invoice   -$500
2005        Toyota   2014 Camry     2552      LE V6                       10/1/2005   $1,500      Invoice   -$500




                                                                                                                                    27
Appendix E: No Response Follow-up Template

Hello Again,

Perhaps you have not had time to answer my e-mail regarding your vehicle inquiry. When you have a
moment, please give me a call, so we can start working on all the details. If you have changed your mind or
have bought elsewhere, please let me know so I can update my list.

My goal is to provide expedite, up-front, aggressive pricing on the vehicle you have selected and make your
experience completely satisfying. In order to do this, we need to speak with you. If you have changed your
mind, or are considering another vehicle, please keep in mind we have over 70 late model, low mileage pre-
owned vehicles (I could save you a lot of money on), most of which still have remaining factory warranty.
Please call us at your earliest convenience. I hope to hear from you soon!

Respectfully,

<Salesperson Name>
<Dealership Name>Internet Manager
<Phone Number>Direct
<Phone Number>Cellular
<email address hyperlink>

P.S. I do have a 02 Accord coup, automatic trans., black w/leather in stock we just took in on a trade.!!




                                                                                                            28
Appendix F: Additional Information Template



Hi [Customer Name],


Hyundai Sonata Dethrones Camry and Accord


Thank you for your request for additional information on the exciting new 2006 Hyundai Sonata. My name is
<Salesperson Name>. I am the Internet Director and it is my job to ensure that you get all of the information
you need to make a good buying decision. We are extremely pleased with the new 2006 Sonata as well as
all of our customers that already have a new Sonata in their driveway. When you look at the long list of
standard features and read what the “experts” have written about this car, you will understand why Toyota
and Honda Dealers are worried. I or one of my staff will be contacting you to gather some additional
information, answer any questions, schedule a test drive or arrange a home delivery.


I have included in this email links to various sources for reviews, comparisons, and pricing guidelines. I have
included a link to Edmunds.com, they have a very accurate pricing guide to follow. They publish a TMV price
to give the customer a figure that they should expect to pay for a vehicle. Edmunds.com is constantly
surveying dealers as well as customers to arrive at these prices. Please keep in mind that every car deal is
as unique as every customer and you may qualify for additional rebates and incentives.


We have moved into our new location on <Dealership Street> at the corner of Metro Parkway. We have
customer friendly hours Monday through Friday from 8:00am until 8:00pm, Saturday 9:00am until 6:00pm
and Sunday from 11:00am until 4:00pm. At the bottom of this email you will find a map that will guide you to
the all new <Dealership Name>.


                                           Reviews for the Sonata:


                               Hyundai Sonata Dethrones Camry and Accord
                             http://www.autoblog.com/entry/1234000897051169/

                            http://cars.about.com/od/hyundai/fr/bk_06sonata.htm

                    http://money.cnn.com/2005/08/03/Autos/carreviews/hyundai_sonata/

                   http://www.caranddriver.com/article.asp?section_id=3&article_id=9741




                                                                                                            29
Appendix G: Internet Sales Process Documentation11




<Dealership Name>
Internet Sales Process and Procedures

The following includes a general description of the Sales Process and Procedures that the <Dealership
Name> and all Internet Sales Representatives are asked to abide by. The process has been developed with
the idea in mind that all Internet leads and phone calls are followed through in a consistent and sufficient
manor. Please note that deviation from the process will foster inconsistency and ultimately lead to loss of
sales.


Requirements
Comprehensive knowledge and active usage of the <CRM Tool> System
Access to and knowledge of use of email account
Strong follow up and communication skills


Goal
Respond to each inquiry/purchase request within 1 HOUR or less upon receipt.


Process
Day One
Step 1: Initial Response – Upon receipt of email, phone call or lead assignment in <CRM Tool> respond to
the customer within 1 hour or less with a phone call.
Step 2: Follow up Response – Email the customer within 4 hours of receipt of inquiry making reference to
the specific vehicle requested and introducing yourself as their sales consultant and confirming that they
have received our price quote* (new vehicles only).


Day Two
Step 3: Second Follow up – Call and email again within 24 hours of receipt of inquiry simply follow up.




11
     (Note: formatting and contact information has been changed to preserve privacy.)




                                                                                                          30

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Automotive Dealer Internet Sales Performance Study

  • 1. Lost Opportunity The 2005 Industry and Dealership eBusiness Performance Study
  • 2. Key Contributors Kevin Root V. P. The Cobalt Group Bill Owen Sr. Operations Manager, The Cobalt Group Tyler Anderson Design and Development Manager, The Cobalt Group Peter Kahn Product Manager, The Cobalt Group Dawn Wilson Behavioral Researcher, The Cobalt Group Laura DeBuys Director, Retail Insight, The Cobalt Group Dean Evans V.P. Marketing, Dealix Corporation Prasad Wagle Engineering Operations Manager, Dealix Corporation Corporate Headquarters The Cobalt Group, Inc. 2200 First Avenue South Suite 400 Seattle, WA 98134 USA 800-909-8244 www.cobaltgroup.com
  • 3. Table of Contents Key Contributors ...................................................................................................2 Corporate Headquarters .......................................................................................2 Table of Contents..................................................................................................3 Overview ...............................................................................................................4 Approach...............................................................................................................5 Key Findings .........................................................................................................7 Key Finding: Significant Lost Opportunities ..........................................................8 Key Finding: Quality of Lead Response Decreasing...........................................12 Key Finding: Brand Defection Widespread .........................................................14 Key Finding: Customers Likely to Consider Used Alternative .............................16 Key Finding: Most Customers Have a Short Purchase Time Frame...................18 Key Finding: High Performers Have a Unique Behavioral Profile .......................19 Implications of Key Findings ...............................................................................21 Comparative OEM Data ......................................................................................22 Appendix A: Geographic Distribution of Dealerships in Study .........................23 Appendix B: Why Me, Why Make/Model Initial Lead Response ......................24 Appendix D: Online Pricing Matrix...................................................................27 Appendix E: No Response Follow-up Template ..............................................28 Appendix F: Additional Information Template..................................................29
  • 4. 2005 Industry and Dealership eBusiness Performance Study Overview The Cobalt Group initiated The 2005 Dealership eBusiness Performance Study to obtain a concise understanding of how well dealerships are performing in the handling of Internet leads. The study examines overall industry performance as well as specific business practices differentiating low and high performers. Several key questions were established to guide the project: What are current industry ebusiness performance levels? How much Internet “lost opportunity” occurs at typical dealerships? What are high performing dealerships doing to successfully convert Internet opportunities? What are customer expectations and how are high performing dealers meeting customer expectations? The study examines 1.1 million third-party leads over 15 months of sales performance. The 1,329 dealerships studied spanned U.S. geography and covered 36 major manufacturer brands. Cobalt employed a unique approach to conduct this study, using a variety of research tools to examine all aspects of dealership lead handling.
  • 5. Approach Research and analysis included lead matching, telephone surveys, onsite evaluations and eMystery shopping. Details of the approach are as follows: Dealership Selection 1,538 dealerships subscribing to a third party lead provider were identified as potential subjects for this study. These selected dealers had been receiving leads for the entire 12-month lead analysis period that ran from April 1, 2004 through March 31, 2005. Closing Ratio Bell Curve for Dealership Sample 400 300 # Dealers 200 100 0 0-2% 3-5% 6-8% 9-11% 12-14% 15-17% 18-20% 21-23% 24+% Of the 1,538 total dealerships identified as the pool of subjects, R.L. Polk & Co.1 was able to match 1,329 of these dealerships with the R.L. Polk selling dealership data. These 1,329 dealerships received a total of 1,157,642 third party leads submitted by customers between April 1, 2004 and March 30, 2005. These are the leads that were evaluated in the lead matching element of this project as described below. Additionally, the dealerships evaluated in this project covered all brands and included geographical locations throughout the 48 contiguous states.2 1 R. L. Polk & Co. is a privately held provider of automotive information and marketing solutions based in Southfield, Michigan. 2 See Appendix A for detail on geographic distribution of selected dealers. 5
  • 6. Lead Matching R. L. Polk & Co. conducted a matching analysis of these leads to determine which leads actually resulted in a vehicle sale. Each lead evaluated was given a window of at least 3 months to determine whether or not it resulted in a vehicle sale. The results of this matching provided data describing close rates, time to close, and whether or not leads were closed at the dealership receiving the lead. Telephone Survey A telephone survey was conducted with over 4,000 actual retail customers that submitted leads. This survey provided valuable information, from the customer’s perspective, about their experience with the dealership’s handling of their lead. It also provided important information on prospect behavior as it relates to brand switching. These telephone surveys were conducted with retail customers that 3 submitted leads to both average performing and high performing dealerships . Onsite Evaluations Of the 1,329 dealerships evaluated, Cobalt visited 20 of the high performing dealerships, as measured by closing rates, to better understand dealership business practices and their influence on dealership performance. These dealerships are among the top 50, or top 5%, in closing ratio of all dealerships evaluated. Terminology It is important to clearly understand key terminology used in this document. To this end, some definitions are provided below: Intended Dealership The dealership to which the lead was sent Other Dealership Any dealership other than the intended dealership Intended Make The vehicle make and model described in the lead Other Make Any make other than the intended make Corroborative Research Cobalt conducts large-scale industry eMystery Shops on an ongoing basis to better understand the state of the industry. This information provides a reliable industry benchmark and view of industry trends to better understand dealership performance on a large scale. Cobalt’s eMystery studies routinely include the evaluation of dealership responses to Internet leads. This includes an evaluation of individual dealership response time, as well as the quality of the dealership response in addressing mystery shopper questions. This process involves evaluation of an actual response, not merely an “auto” response from the dealership. rd Using the eMystery studies, data from the 3 party lead matching analysis, the telephone survey and our onsite evaluations provides a comprehensive view of dealership performance. 3 For the purposes of this study, high performing dealers are defined as dealers in the top 5%in terms of closing ratio of the research pool as determined by R.L. Polk matching data. 6
  • 7. Key Findings The key findings from this comprehensive analysis are: Most dealerships are experiencing a significant amount of “lost opportunities.” Dealership responsiveness to leads is improving, but the quality of those responses is diminishing. Brand defection from the intended make of the lead is widespread. Customers submitting leads are likely to consider, and purchase, a used alternative to a new vehicle lead. Most customers submitting a lead have a short purchase timeframe. High performing dealers have a unique operational profile. Each of these key findings will be discussed in more detail below. 7
  • 8. Key Finding: Significant Lost Opportunities While a significant percentage of leads convert to a sale, a large percentage of those leads converted are not closed at the intended dealership. Most of the leads that result in a sale do so at a dealership other than the intended dealership. These leads that each dealership has the opportunity to close to a sale, but loses the lead to another dealership, represent “lost opportunities”. The series of graphs below describes the findings and illustrates the large number of lost opportunities. Of all the third party leads evaluated by R.L. Polk, 56% of the leads resulted in a vehicle sale, while 44% of the leads did not result in a vehicle sale. 100% Leads not converted to a sale 512,685 75% 44% 50% 56% of the Leads converted Leads Resulted to a sale In a Sale – 44% Did Not 644,957 25% 56% 0% All New Vehicle Leads Based on registration information supplied by R.L. Polk & Co. 8
  • 9. Of those leads that resulted in a sale, 92% of the sales occurred at a dealership other than the “intended” dealership – the dealership to which the lead was sent. This 92% represents “lost opportunity” – or – leads over which the dealership had some control, but lost the sales opportunity to another dealership. 100% Leads not converted to a sale Only 8% of Leads 75% 512,685 that Converted to a 44% Sale Closed at the 50% Intended Dealer Leads converted to a sale 100% 52,408 92% Closed at “Other" 25% 644,957 75% Sold at “Other” Dealerships = Dealer Lost Opportunity 56% 50% 592,549 0% 25% 92% 0% All New Vehicle Leads All Leads Converted to a Sale Based on registration information supplied by R.L. Polk & Co. Sales/leases adjusted for matching efficiency by a factor of 1.36, which represents a 73% historical match rate. 9
  • 10. Looking at “lost opportunity” on an even finer level of detail shows the types of vehicles ultimately purchased by those leads that were purchased at a dealership other than the intended dealer. These leads converted to the following types of results: 24% - Intended Make (New). These are leads that purchased the same make vehicle as available at the intended dealership, but the sale was made at a competing, or other, dealership. Example: An example of this type of lead would be a lead for a Ford vehicle sent to Dealership X. The lead was converted to a sale of a Ford vehicle, but at a Ford dealership other than Dealership X. 34% Other Make (New). These are leads that resulted in the customer purchasing a new competing brand at an “other” dealership. Example: Continuing our example from above, the lead for the Ford vehicle converted to any other brand – Chevrolet, Chrysler, Toyota, etc. 42% - Used (Any Make). These leads converted to a used vehicle of any make at a dealership other than the intended dealership. Example: The lead for the new Ford vehicle converted to a used unit of any make at an “other” dealership – Honda, Nissan, GM, etc. Lost Opportunity Based on registration information supplied by R.L. Polk & Co. Sales/leases have been adjusted for matching efficiency by a factor of 1.36, which represents a 73% historical match rate. 10
  • 11. As depicted in the graph above, the lost opportunity is more concisely defined as 66% Purchased the the leads that resulted in a sale of the intended make at an “other” dealership Intended or a Used (24%) and the leads that resulted in a used vehicle at an “other” dealership Vehicle at an “Other” (42%) for a total of 66%. Dealership Those leads converting to an “other” make at an “other” dealership have been intentionally excluded from this definition. Our phone survey analysis determined that the primary reason customers make a purchase at another dealership is to switch away from the intended brand. Given the strength of this consumer behavior, we have isolated the lost opportunity to those leads over which the intended dealership has more influence or control – those leads where a customer (lead) bought the same make at an “other” dealership, and those leads where the consumer (lead) purchased a used vehicle at an “other” dealership. Note that even with this more concise definition, 66% of those leads converting at an “other” dealership, converted to a sale the intended dealership could have fulfilled. In summary, the amount of lost opportunity over which dealers have some level of control is significant. 11
  • 12. Key Finding: Quality of Lead Response Decreasing Our comprehensive approach to this research also provides clarity around the role a quality response plays in the consumer’s decision to do business with a dealership. As determined by our telephone surveys of customers that submitted a lead, other than price, the second most cited primary reason for doing business with a dealership is a “good, quick response” to the lead. It is evident from this data that in order to fully engage a customer and proceed with the selling process, that a good, quick response is absolutely essential - especially if the dealership is in close proximity to the customer (the third most cited primary reason for buying a vehicle from the intended dealership is the proximity of the dealership.) What is the primary reason you bought a vehicle from the (intended) dealership? Trade-In (fair trade-in value offered) Other Existing Relationship (with dealership) 0.7% Inventory (had what looking for) Proximity (dealership in close proximity) 1.2% Dealership Response (good, quick) Customers Cite Price (price was competitive) Importance 4.3% of a Quality Response Inventory 9.6% Proximity (dealership) 14.2% Dealership Response (good, quick) 21.4% Price (price was competitive) 39.3% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 12
  • 13. Over the past year, dealerships have improved the timeliness of their responses to leads. However, the quality of their responses is diminishing. This is important because we know, from the consumers’ perspective, the important role the quality of the response plays in the consumer’s decision to continue the sales process with the dealer. When comparing results from Cobalt industry eMystery Shopping studies conducted in 2004 and 2005, it is clear that dealership responsiveness to leads is improving. Industry eMystery Responsiveness 2004 2005 Overall Responsiveness 60.0% 69.7% Response Time Average (hrs) 9.5 6.5 However, over the same period, the quality of the response is diminishing. In this data, the quality of the response is determined by an evaluation of whether or not the dealership responded to the questions presented them by the consumer – in this case, the eMystery shopper. Quality of Responses 2004 2005 Answered the Shoppers’ Questions 38.2% 25.9% Used Brand or Product Highlights NA 23.9% 13
  • 14. Key Finding: Brand Defection Widespread Brand defection from the intended make of the lead is widespread. Consumers that ultimately purchase a vehicle from a dealer other than the intended dealership, frequently do so in order to purchase a brand other than the intended lead. This interest in a different brand is the primary reason cited by customers for purchasing a vehicle from a dealer other than the dealership to which the lead was initially sent. We apply the term “brand defection” to describe these leads – leads for a certain make that were ultimately converted to a sale of another make. 100% Intended Make (New) 144,842 24% 75% Other Make (New) 50% 199,656 34% Used (Any Make) 25% 248,051 42% 0% All “Missed” Sales 14
  • 15. Additionally, the telephone survey data generated in this research project provides consistent insight to the lead matching data described above. Of those customers that submitted a lead to one dealership, and made a purchase from another dealership, the most frequent (55.4%) primary reason cited was to purchase another brand. What is the primary reason you bought a vehicle from another dealership? 0.2% Trade-In (poor trade-in value offered) Other 1.1% Existing Relationship (none with this dealership) Proximity (dealership in distant proximity) 1.5% Inventory (inadequate) Price (price was not competitive) Brand Defection is 3.3% Dealership Response (poor, slow) High Other Brand (customer decided to buy a different brand new vehicle) 3.7% Price (too high) 14.4% Dealership Response 20.4% Other Brand 55.4% 0.0% Other Brand (customer decided to buy a 40.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 50.0% 60.0% different brand new vehicle) In summary, this data provides a clear picture of a consistent customer tendency – to engage in a thorough comparison of brands, with an ultimate purchase decision impacted in significant proportion by the brand itself. 15
  • 16. Key Finding: Customers Likely to Consider Used Alternative Customers submitting a new vehicle lead are very likely to consider a used vehicle alternative. Of those customers that purchase a vehicle from a dealership other than the intended dealership, there is a high likelihood they will ultimately purchase a used vehicle. For dealerships avoiding presentation of a used vehicle alternative to a new car lead, a large number of opportunities may be lost. Of those leads that converted to a sale at a dealership other than the intended dealer (“other” dealerships), 42% purchased a used vehicle of any make. 100% Intended Make (New) 144,842 24% 75% Other Make (New) 50% 199,656 34% Used (Any Make) 25% 248,051 42% 0% All “Missed” Sales 16
  • 17. Clearly, those customers submitting a new car lead are very likely to entertain a used vehicle alternative. Additionally, the more time that elapses from the time the lead is submitted to closing, the more likely it will convert to a used vehicle sale. This is illustrated in the graph below: D is t ribut io n o f Le a d O ut c o m e s 100% The Longer the Lead 90% Takes To Close, the 80% Higher the Likelihood It % of Closed Leads 70% Will Be a Used Vehicle 60% 50% 40% 55% 35% 30% 53% 49% 20% 10% 20% 0% 30 days or less 31-60 61- 90 91days or more Days to Close 55% Used Other Make 53% Intended New 49% Based on registration information supplied by R.L. Polk & Co. Sales/leases have been adjusted for matching efficiency by a factor of 1.36, which represents a 73% historical match rate Elapsed time between the date of lead submission and date of lead 17
  • 18. Key Finding: Most Customers Have a Short Purchase Time Frame Customers that submit leads have a short timeframe for purchase. In fact, a very large portion of the sales associated with leads occurred within 30 days. Given this, ineffective dealership communication and/or Internet sales processes that are not executed well within this timeframe are likely to see prospective customers going elsewhere for their vehicle needs. As illustrated below, 42% of the leads that converted to a sale did so within 30 days of the initial submission of the lead. Additionally, 68% of the leads closed to a sale within 90 days of the initial submission of the lead. Time to close a lead Time to Close a Lead 300,000 273,886 250,000 68% 204,486 Number of Closed Leads 200,000 42% of Leads 42% That Will Convert 150,000 to a Sale Do So 103,130 32% Within 30 Days 100,000 63,455 50,000 16% 10% 0 Days to Close <30 31-60 61-90 >90 18
  • 19. Key Finding: High Performers Have a Unique Behavioral Profile Of the 1,329 dealerships evaluated, Cobalt visited 20 of the high-performing dealerships, as measured by closing rates, to better understand dealership business practices and their influence on dealership performance. These dealerships are among the top 50, or top 5%, in closing ratio of all dealerships evaluated. Each dealership provided information about their dealership to the interviewer. A composite profile of the 20 high performing dealerships, based on this dealer provided information, is as follows: Receive an average of 428 Internet leads per month 68% of their leads come from 3rd Party providers Internet sales average 14% of the total dealership sales Stated their average closing ratio was 11% 24% of their Internet Sales are used vehicle sales Internet sales have an average combined (front and back-end) gross profit of $1,571 Examining high performing dealership practices relative to the key findings of this revealed the following: Responsiveness and the Short Buying Cycle High performing dealerships are aware of, and capitalize on, the relatively brief window of opportunity between lead and sale by responding quickly to customers submitting a lead. In addition, the high performing dealerships Cobalt interviewed augment a rapid email response with a phone call. Of the high performers interviewed: 89% reported they either respond, or have a goal to respond in 6 hours or less from the time the lead is received 73% reported they either respond, or have a goal to respond in 60 minutes or less 89% indicate they make a phone call to the customer at the same time, or shortly after, their lead response Quality Response Furthermore, actual examples of initial responses from high-performing 4 dealerships provide additional insight to how this is accomplished. Used Vehicles Given this, it is no surprise that a majority of the high performing dealerships are also willing to suggest used alternatives: 74% of the high performers interviewed are willing to offer a used alternative to a new car lead A high quality response also includes answering the price question. Although providing price in an initial response has long been a subject of debate, this research clearly indicates that customers want their questions answered, and high-performing dealerships do just that. The onsite dealership evaluations provided important insight to how high performing dealerships handle this important element of a quality response.5 Of the high-performing dealerships interviewed: 4 See Appendices B and C for sample responses. 5 See Appendix D for a sample pricing matrix from a high performing dealership. 19
  • 20. 87% state they always answer the customer’s primary question 77% provide price to customers without hesitation Follow-up A common characteristic of the high performing dealerships interviewed by Cobalt was the recognition of the importance of maintaining contact and communication with those leads that don’t make a near term purchase over an 6 extended period. 63% of the high performers interviewed place leads in a CRM system for long term follow up and marketing efforts. In order to ensure that effective customer follow up occurs in both the near and long term, some high performing dealerships do a good job of establishing, documenting, and implementing a clear Internet sales process.7 6 See Appendix E and F for sample follow-up templates from high performing dealerships. 7 An example of such a process can be found in Appendix G. 20
  • 21. Implications of Key Findings Most dealerships are experiencing a significant amount of “lost opportunities” Until dealership management realizes the extent of lost opportunities, and the financial implications of poor lead handling approaches, they are unlikely to develop a comprehensive and robust system for handling such leads. However, once dealership managers place a mishandled Internet lead on the same level as an unanswered phone call, or a walk-up customer receiving no sales assistance, then real improvement can take place. Dealership responsiveness to leads is improving, but the quality of those responses is diminishing Although a rapid response is important to the Internet customer, they want more than just a speedy response to their lead – they want the information they request. Successful dealers take a no-nonsense approach to their Internet customer interactions – answering their questions in a straightforward and honest fashion. This is a prerequisite to the continuation of the sales process. This is the approach consistently deployed among high performers. Brand defection from the intended make of the lead is widespread Given this dynamic in the market, there are important implications for the sales approach employed by each dealership. Because such a high percentage of leads are likely to be comparison shopped among brands, it is important for dealerships to not only provide Internet prospects with information about their individual dealership, but also to proactively and effectively sell the make and model against likely alternatives. Instead of a “why me” sales approach, dealerships need to be prepared to present a “why me, why make/model” message to the customer.8 Customers submitting leads are likely to consider, and purchase, a used alternative to a new vehicle lead This introduces another important consideration for the dealership sales approach – the willingness to offer used vehicle alternatives to new vehicle leads. The high performing dealers Cobalt interviewed indicated they operate from a very open, forthcoming approach with Internet prospects. This extends to their approach of offering a used vehicle alternative to new vehicle lead customers. Most customers have a short purchase timeframe It is clear from the data that most Internet customers are buying in the near term, meaning Internet leads should not be overlooked. Establishing consistent business practices to respond to customers quickly is an important initial step to meet the customer’s timeframe for an intended vehicle purchase. High performing dealers have a unique operational profile High performing dealers exhibit common behaviors that seem to mitigate the effect of the other findings of the study. However, although their track record is better than the average and low performing dealers, they too suffer from a high degree of lost opportunity. All dealers should mimic the practices of the high performers – and then go further to address the issue of lost opportunity at the dealership. 8 See Appendix B for an example of an initial dealership response that applies this approach. 21
  • 22. Comparative OEM Data In addition, this study included comparative OEM performance data of 36 OEMS in the area of new vehicle lead conversion rates. This analysis illustrates a wide variance among OEMs in the rates at which third party leads convert to sales. Three examples of these findings are provided below: When leads are segmented by the intended manufacturer (OEM) identified by the consumer in the lead, the highest performing manufacturer converted the lead to a sale of any new vehicle make or model at a rate over 41%, and the leads assigned to the lowest performing manufacturer converted at a rate of 21%. The industry average rate is 32%. For example, if a lead is submitted for a Brand A vehicle, this data illustrates the rate at which this Brand A lead converts to a sale of any make or model vehicle – indicating the general propensity for consumers of this brand to make a purchase. Using this same approach of segmenting leads by the intended manufacturer identified by the consumer in the lead, there is a significant variance among brands in the rate at which consumers follow-through and ultimately make a purchase of the vehicle make identified in the lead. The highest conversion rate to the intended manufacturer was over 59%, and the lowest is 21%. The industry average is 39%. For example, if a lead is submitted for a Brand A vehicle, and converts to a sale, this data illustrates the percentage of those sales that are converted to a Brand A vehicle. The findings clearly illustrate the varying levels of consumer follow through to a purchase as a function of the brand identified in the lead. There is also a wide range in the rate at which consumers redirect their purchases away from the intended manufacturer identified in the original lead and purchase a vehicle of a different manufacturer. The manufacturer making the most impact in this area made sales to over 15% of all those customers that redirected their purchases, and the least impact by a manufacturer was less than 1%. On average each manufacturer sold a vehicle to 2.8% of those consumers that redirected their actual purchase away from the intent of their lead. For example, this data illustrates the impact Brand A may have in making sales on leads that were initially intended for another brand. Additional data for performance of 36 OEMs in this study is in the Cobalt report, Lost Opportunity and the OEMS – A Companion Piece to The 2005 eBusiness Industry and Dealership Performance Study. OEMs interested in this data should contact their Cobalt representative at 800-909-8244 for more details. 22
  • 23. Appendix A: Geographic Distribution of Dealerships in Study 23
  • 24. Appendix B: Why Me, Why Make/Model Initial Lead Response9 Dealership Street Address Dealership City, State, Zip Salesperson eMail Link Phone: (777) 777-7777 Hello [INSERT CUSTOMER NAME], RE: Honda Accord DX Price Quote Really appreciate the request for a Honda Accord. My name is <Salesperson Name>. I’m on the Internet Team at <Dealership Name>. Below are links to Online Brochures, In Stock Inventory, Gas Mileage Estimations, Safety Ratings, Third Party Write Ups and we have some Great Lease Programs running. The 2005 Honda Accord DX-Value Package, sedan automatic has the “NO Fuss” Clearance Price: $17995.00 (see Lease offer below). DX Value Package: is an Accord with: factory Air Conditioning; Power Windows; AM/FM/CD-Player; ABS Brakes; Front/Side/Curtain Air Bags; 160-hp V-TEC engine. (Link to electronic brochure) What does <Salesperson Name> in the Internet Department do for you? He gets you a straightforward NO HASSLE-NO HAGGLE, car buying experience. (Link to Specials) If you're tired of the way you used to buy cars, then give <Salesperson Name> a call @ <Phone Number> extension 413 or <Phone Number> If you don't ask for <Salesperson Name>., he can't help you. Everyday 110% Low-Price protection Guarantee (Hyperlink to dealership website) Our commitment to you: We are committed to exceeding your expectations. To better serve you, <Salesperson Name> is available to you BY APPOINTMENT. My standard working week is Monday through Sunday, by appointment. If you happen to pop in have <Salesperson Name> paged. <Dealership Name> has been awarded the Highest Honor of the Honda President's Award. We were awarded this for 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, for Outstanding Customer Support, before and after the Sale! This is unmatched. 9 (Note: formatting and contact information has been changed to preserve privacy.) 24
  • 25. If I'm not here bring this letter directly to my partners <Alternate Salesperson Name> or <Alternate Salesperson Name>. Thank you in advance, <Salesperson Name>. I'll be sending you information, shortly. This is an automated response! The only way I know how to assist you is through your feedback and responses. Sincerely, Director of Internet Operations Cell Phone: <Phone Number> Office: <Phone Number> Toll Free: <Phone Number> Ext: 413 Fax Number: <Phone Number> <Dealership Name> <Dealership Address> Honda President’s Award Icon This Internet Offer is not valid with any other offer, ad or advertisement. Offers valid on factory equipped in stock merchandise. Leases and Interest Rate Programs are with approved credit. CLICK HERE (hyperlink) and reply REMOVE to be removed from this e-mail list. 25
  • 26. Appendix C: High Performing Dealership Initial Response 10 Dear (Customer Name), Thank you for your online inquiry and for providing us this opportunity to earn your valued business. The all-new 2006 Lexus RX400 Hybrid AWD is a combination of performance and luxury fueled by innovative technology. The new RX Hybrid has an Electronically-controlled Continuously Variable Transmission (ECVT) with a 3.3-liter, 24-valve with continuously Variable Valve Timing with intelligence (VVT-i) engine with On-Demand All-Wheel Drive. Offering an amazing 268 total system horsepower this new Hybrid model is sure to blow you away with an estimated fuel consumption of 31/27 mpg city/highway. All of this and more! 2006 Lexus RX400 H pricing: With heated seats MSRP $49,725, Selling Price $48,725 plus applicable taxes and fees With heated seats & Mark Levinson Sound System MSRP $50,705, Selling Price $49,705 plus applicable taxes and fees With heated seats, Mark Levinson Sound System & Rear DVD Entertainment System MSRP $52,545, Selling Price $51,545 plus applicable taxes and fees The RX440H Safety Features include: *Dual advanced front airbags, driver and passenger knee airbags, front and rear side curtain shield airbags, front seat mounted side-impact airbags, front seatbelt pretensioners with force limiters and manual height adjustment anchors, 3-point safety belts for all seating positions. 10 (Note: formatting and contact information has been changed to preserve privacy.) 26
  • 27. Appendix D: Online Pricing Matrix <Dealership Name> Online Pricing Matrix Sept 2005 Incentive Incentive Mark-up Year Make Model Model # Trim Level End Date $ Amount Type $ Mark Up % Mark Up 2005 Toyota 2005 4Runner 8642 2WD SR5 V6 10/1/2005 $1,000 Invoice 1.50% 2005 Toyota 2006 4Runner 8646 2WD Sport V6 9/7/2005 $1,000 Invoice 1.50% 2005 Toyota 2007 4Runner 8648 2WD Limited V6 10/1/2005 $1,000 Invoice 2% 2005 Toyota 2008 4Runner 8664 4WD SR5 V6 10/1/2005 $1,000 Invoice $300 2005 Toyota 2009 4Runner 8666 4WD Sport V6 10/1/2005 $1,000 Invoice $300 2005 Toyota 2010 4Runner 8668 4WD Limited V6 10/1/2005 $1,000 Invoice 2% 2005 Toyota 2011 4Runner 8672 4 Door SR5 V8 10/1/2005 $2,500 Invoice $300 2005 Toyota 2012 4Runner 8676 4 Door Sport V8 10/1/2005 $2,500 Invoice $300 2005 Toyota 2013 4Runner 8678 4 Door Limited V8 10/1/2005 $2,500 Invoice 2% 2005 Toyota 2014 4Runner 8682 4WD 4 Door SR5 V8 10/1/2005 $2,500 Invoice $300 2005 Toyota 2015 4Runner 8686 4WD 4 Door Sport V8 10/1/2005 $2,500 Invoice $300 2005 Toyota 2016 4Runner 8688 4WD 4 Door Limited V8 10/1/2005 $2,500 Invoice 2% 2005 Toyota 2005 Avalon 3534 4 Door XL Sedan Auto $0 MSRP $0 0% 2005 Toyota 2006 Avalon 3538 4 Door Touring Sedan Auto $0 MSRP $0 0% 2005 Toyota 2007 Avalon 3544 4 Door XLS Sedan Auto $0 MSRP $0 0% 2005 Toyota 2008 Avalon 3554 4 Door Limited Sedan Auto $0 MSRP $0 0% 2005 Toyota 2005 Camry 2415 STD $750 Invoice -$500 2005 Toyota 2006 Camry 2513 STD Manual 10/1/2005 $1,500 Invoice -$500 2005 Toyota 2007 Camry 2514 STD Auto 10/1/2005 $1,500 Invoice -$500 2005 Toyota 2008 Camry 2531 LE Manual 10/1/2005 $1,500 Invoice -$500 2005 Toyota 2009 Camry 2532 LE Auto 10/1/2005 $1,500 Invoice -$500 2005 Toyota 2010 Camry 2540 XLE 10/1/2005 $1,500 Invoice -$500 2005 Toyota 2011 Camry 2545 4 Door SE Manual $1,000 Invoice -$500 2005 Toyota 2012 Camry 2546 SE 10/1/2005 $1,500 Invoice -$500 2005 Toyota 2013 Camry 2550 SE V6 10/1/2005 $1,500 Invoice -$500 2005 Toyota 2014 Camry 2552 LE V6 10/1/2005 $1,500 Invoice -$500 27
  • 28. Appendix E: No Response Follow-up Template Hello Again, Perhaps you have not had time to answer my e-mail regarding your vehicle inquiry. When you have a moment, please give me a call, so we can start working on all the details. If you have changed your mind or have bought elsewhere, please let me know so I can update my list. My goal is to provide expedite, up-front, aggressive pricing on the vehicle you have selected and make your experience completely satisfying. In order to do this, we need to speak with you. If you have changed your mind, or are considering another vehicle, please keep in mind we have over 70 late model, low mileage pre- owned vehicles (I could save you a lot of money on), most of which still have remaining factory warranty. Please call us at your earliest convenience. I hope to hear from you soon! Respectfully, <Salesperson Name> <Dealership Name>Internet Manager <Phone Number>Direct <Phone Number>Cellular <email address hyperlink> P.S. I do have a 02 Accord coup, automatic trans., black w/leather in stock we just took in on a trade.!! 28
  • 29. Appendix F: Additional Information Template Hi [Customer Name], Hyundai Sonata Dethrones Camry and Accord Thank you for your request for additional information on the exciting new 2006 Hyundai Sonata. My name is <Salesperson Name>. I am the Internet Director and it is my job to ensure that you get all of the information you need to make a good buying decision. We are extremely pleased with the new 2006 Sonata as well as all of our customers that already have a new Sonata in their driveway. When you look at the long list of standard features and read what the “experts” have written about this car, you will understand why Toyota and Honda Dealers are worried. I or one of my staff will be contacting you to gather some additional information, answer any questions, schedule a test drive or arrange a home delivery. I have included in this email links to various sources for reviews, comparisons, and pricing guidelines. I have included a link to Edmunds.com, they have a very accurate pricing guide to follow. They publish a TMV price to give the customer a figure that they should expect to pay for a vehicle. Edmunds.com is constantly surveying dealers as well as customers to arrive at these prices. Please keep in mind that every car deal is as unique as every customer and you may qualify for additional rebates and incentives. We have moved into our new location on <Dealership Street> at the corner of Metro Parkway. We have customer friendly hours Monday through Friday from 8:00am until 8:00pm, Saturday 9:00am until 6:00pm and Sunday from 11:00am until 4:00pm. At the bottom of this email you will find a map that will guide you to the all new <Dealership Name>. Reviews for the Sonata: Hyundai Sonata Dethrones Camry and Accord http://www.autoblog.com/entry/1234000897051169/ http://cars.about.com/od/hyundai/fr/bk_06sonata.htm http://money.cnn.com/2005/08/03/Autos/carreviews/hyundai_sonata/ http://www.caranddriver.com/article.asp?section_id=3&article_id=9741 29
  • 30. Appendix G: Internet Sales Process Documentation11 <Dealership Name> Internet Sales Process and Procedures The following includes a general description of the Sales Process and Procedures that the <Dealership Name> and all Internet Sales Representatives are asked to abide by. The process has been developed with the idea in mind that all Internet leads and phone calls are followed through in a consistent and sufficient manor. Please note that deviation from the process will foster inconsistency and ultimately lead to loss of sales. Requirements Comprehensive knowledge and active usage of the <CRM Tool> System Access to and knowledge of use of email account Strong follow up and communication skills Goal Respond to each inquiry/purchase request within 1 HOUR or less upon receipt. Process Day One Step 1: Initial Response – Upon receipt of email, phone call or lead assignment in <CRM Tool> respond to the customer within 1 hour or less with a phone call. Step 2: Follow up Response – Email the customer within 4 hours of receipt of inquiry making reference to the specific vehicle requested and introducing yourself as their sales consultant and confirming that they have received our price quote* (new vehicles only). Day Two Step 3: Second Follow up – Call and email again within 24 hours of receipt of inquiry simply follow up. 11 (Note: formatting and contact information has been changed to preserve privacy.) 30