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BALANCE ENERGÉTICO EN LA ATMÓSFERA
ONDA CORTA
Reflejada por las nubes -21
Reflejada por la superficie -3
Reflexión difusa y dispersión -7
-31 Albedo terrestre
Absorbido por el ozono +3 Radiado directamente al espacio
Absorbido por las nubes +3
Absorbido por polvo y gas +18
+21 Entrada de calor atmosférico
Absorción directa por la superficie +25
Absorción difusa por la superficie +20
+69
+45 Entrada de calor superficial
ONDA LARGA
Evaporación -19
Convección -4
Radiación -110
Contrarradiación
Efecto
invernadero +96
Radiación directa al espacio -8
-45
Pérdida de calor de la superficie
terrestre
§ De la radiación solar que llega a la Tierra, el 21% es reflejado directamente al espacio de nuevo (albedo).
§ Del 69% restante, el 24% calienta directamente la atmósfera y el 45% calienta la superficie terrestre.
§ Del 45% que ha calentado la superficie terrestre, el 8% se radia directamente al espacio y el 37% restante se
transfiere a la atmósfera de la siguiente manera: el 19% en los procesos de evapotranspiración; el 4% median-
te flujo convectivo y el 14% es el balance total de la radiación y la contrarradiación debidas al efecto invernade-
ro.
§ El 8% radiado directamente desde la superficie, el 24% radiado directamente desde la atmósfera (el 3% desde
la estratosfera y el 21% desde capas más bajas) y el 37% radiado por la superficie terrestre a través de la at-
mósfera suman el 69% que es radiado al espacio equilibrando así el balance energético.
BALANCE ENERGÉTICO EN LA ATMÓSFERA
ABSORCIÓN
OZONO NUBES
GASES Y
POLVO
SUPERFICIE
+3 +3 +18 +45
+19 EVAPORACIÓN -19
+4 CONVECCIÓN -4
+110 RADIACIÓN -110
CALOR
ATMÓSFERA
+21
-96 CONTRARRADIACIÓN +96
CALOR
SUPERFICIE
+45
BALANCE ATMÓSFERA
+58
BALANCE SUPERFICIE
+8
TOTAL ABSORCIÓN +69 (3 + 58 + 8)
TOTAL RADIADO AL ESPACIO -69
REFLEXIÓN
-21 -7 -3
TOTAL REFLEXIÓN -31 (ALBEDO)
BALANCE GLOBAL
Entradas – Salidas = 100 (Energía solar) – 31 (Albedo) – 69 (Radiación al espacio) = 0

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Balance energético atmósfera

  • 1. BALANCE ENERGÉTICO EN LA ATMÓSFERA ONDA CORTA Reflejada por las nubes -21 Reflejada por la superficie -3 Reflexión difusa y dispersión -7 -31 Albedo terrestre Absorbido por el ozono +3 Radiado directamente al espacio Absorbido por las nubes +3 Absorbido por polvo y gas +18 +21 Entrada de calor atmosférico Absorción directa por la superficie +25 Absorción difusa por la superficie +20 +69 +45 Entrada de calor superficial ONDA LARGA Evaporación -19 Convección -4 Radiación -110 Contrarradiación Efecto invernadero +96 Radiación directa al espacio -8 -45 Pérdida de calor de la superficie terrestre § De la radiación solar que llega a la Tierra, el 21% es reflejado directamente al espacio de nuevo (albedo). § Del 69% restante, el 24% calienta directamente la atmósfera y el 45% calienta la superficie terrestre. § Del 45% que ha calentado la superficie terrestre, el 8% se radia directamente al espacio y el 37% restante se transfiere a la atmósfera de la siguiente manera: el 19% en los procesos de evapotranspiración; el 4% median- te flujo convectivo y el 14% es el balance total de la radiación y la contrarradiación debidas al efecto invernade- ro. § El 8% radiado directamente desde la superficie, el 24% radiado directamente desde la atmósfera (el 3% desde la estratosfera y el 21% desde capas más bajas) y el 37% radiado por la superficie terrestre a través de la at- mósfera suman el 69% que es radiado al espacio equilibrando así el balance energético.
  • 2. BALANCE ENERGÉTICO EN LA ATMÓSFERA ABSORCIÓN OZONO NUBES GASES Y POLVO SUPERFICIE +3 +3 +18 +45 +19 EVAPORACIÓN -19 +4 CONVECCIÓN -4 +110 RADIACIÓN -110 CALOR ATMÓSFERA +21 -96 CONTRARRADIACIÓN +96 CALOR SUPERFICIE +45 BALANCE ATMÓSFERA +58 BALANCE SUPERFICIE +8 TOTAL ABSORCIÓN +69 (3 + 58 + 8) TOTAL RADIADO AL ESPACIO -69 REFLEXIÓN -21 -7 -3 TOTAL REFLEXIÓN -31 (ALBEDO) BALANCE GLOBAL Entradas – Salidas = 100 (Energía solar) – 31 (Albedo) – 69 (Radiación al espacio) = 0