3 g networks technologies, services & benefits

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Key to Success
3G Networks I Technologies, Services & Benefits
 Be on time (if you are late enter the room quietly)
 Your ringer is not that great! (cell phones off or muted)
 You can do without facebook/youtube/twitter/emails/sms for 1:15 - If you have to,
don’t disturb your peers
 Interrupt for questions – there is no dumb question
 Pay attention to the training and keep extra notes
 Read extra material on your own. Wealth of information available (library books,
online articles, research papers)

Rauf Akram | raufakram.wordpress.com | Skype: rauf.akram | @RaufAkram |
Telecom Training Program
3G Networks
Technologies, Services & Benefits

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Agenda
Previous Technologies
3G Technology Review
3G Services & Application
What is 3GPP ?
Rel. 4 – UMTS
Rel. 5 & 6 – HSPA & IMS
Rel. 7 – HSPA+
IMS
GSMA RCS Services
3G offloading via WLAN (4G Wifi – Hotspot 2.0)

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3G Networks - Technologies, Services & Benefits

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Courtesy of Rich Howard
• Beginning in 1918 the German railroad system tested wireless telephony on
military trains between Berlin and Zossen
• In 1925, the company Zugtelephonie A. G. was founded to supply train
telephony equipment
• Mobile telephones for automobiles became available from some telephone
companies in the 1940s
• In the United States, engineers from Bell Labs began work on a system to
allow mobile users to place and receive telephone calls from automobiles,
leading to the inauguration of mobile service on 17 June 1946 in St. Louis,
Missouri
• In the USSR, Leonid Kupriyanovich, engineer from Moscow, in 1957-1961
developed and presented a number of experimental models of handheld
mobile phone. The weight of one model, presented in 1961, was only 70 g
and could fit on a palm
• Motorola was the first company to produce a handheld mobile phone. On 3rd
April 1973, Martin Cooper, a Motorola engineer and executive, made the first
mobile telephone call from handheld subscriber equipment in front of
reporters, placing a call to Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs. The prototype
weighed 1.1 kg and measured 23 cm long, 13 cm deep and 4.45 cm wide,
offered a talk time of just 30 minutes and took 10 hours to re-charge. Cooper
has stated his vision for the handheld device was inspired by Captain James T.
Kirk using his Communicator on the television show Star Trek

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Global Mobile vs. Landline Statistics
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Landline Subs
Mobile Subs
(millions)
Crossover
has happened in
May 2002 !

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First Generation (1G)
• Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
– US trials 1978; deployed in Japan (’79) & US (’83)
– 800 MHz band — two 20 MHz bands
– TIA-553
– Still used in US and many parts of the world
• Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT)
– Sweden, Norway, Demark & Finland
– Launched 1981; now largely retired
– 450 MHz; later at 900 MHz (NMT900)
• Total Access Communications System (TACS)
– British design; similar to AMPS; deployed in 1985
– Some TACS-900 systems still in use in Europe

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Second Generation (2G)
• Digital systems
• Leverage technology to increase capacity
– Speech compression; digital signal processing
• Utilize/extend “Intelligent Network” concepts
• Improve fraud prevention
• Add new services
• There are a wide diversity of 2G systems
– IS-54/ IS-136 North American TDMA; PDC (Japan)
– iDEN
– DECT and PHS
– IS-95 CDMA (cdmaOne)
– GSM

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GPRS & EDGE
• 2.5G GPRS
• 2.75G EDGE
• Addition of PCU, SGSN,
GGSN, DNS, IPCG nodes
into GSM network
Technology
Theoretical
Downlink
Theoretical
Uplink
Actual
Downlink
Actual
Uplink
GPRS 171Kbps 40Kbps 64Kbps 20Kbps
EDGE 384Kbps 108Kbps 217Kbps 60Kbps

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3G Technology Overview

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A little about generations …….
Generation Technology Theoretical Speeds Practical Speeds
2G GSM
DL: 14.4Kbps
UL: 14.4Kbps
DL: 9.6Kbps
UL: 9.6Kbps
2.5G GPRS
DL: 171Kbps
UL: 40Kbps
DL: 48 - 64 Kbps
UL: 14 - 26 Kbps
2.75G EDGE
DL: 384Kbps
UL: 108Kbps
DL: up to 217Kbps
UL: up to 80Kbps
3G UMTS
DL: 2Mbps
UL: 384 Kbps
DL: 384Kbps – 1 Mbps
UL: 64 - 153 Kbps
3.5G HSDPA
DL: 3.6 – 14.4 Mbps
UL: 384Kbps – 2Mbps
DL: 1 - 3 Mbps
UL: 384Kbps – 1Mbps
3.6G HSUPA
DL: 14.4Mbps
UL: 5.76Mbps
DL: 1 - 3 Mbps
UL: 512kbps – 2Mbps
3.75G HSPA+
DL: 21Mbps
UL: 5.8Mbps
DL: 3 - 6 Mbps
UL: 512kbps – 2Mbps
3.8G HSPA+ Enhanced
DL: 28 – 84 Mbps
UL: 5.8 – 20 Mbps
DL: 3 – 10 Mbps
UL: 1 – 5 Mbps
3.9G LTE
DL: 100Mbps
UL: 50Mbps
DL: 5 – 30 Mbps
UL: 3 – 15 Mbps
4G LTE-Advanced
DL: 1Gbps
UL: 500Mbps
DL: 100 – 300 Mbps
UL: 5 – 100 Mbps

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Wireless Technology Evolution

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3G Vision
• Universal global roaming
• Multimedia (voice, data & video)
• Increased data rates
– 144 kbps at high speed
– 384 kbps while moving
– 2 Mbps when stationary at specific locations
Pedestrian & Office (<10km/h):
bit rate 2 Mbps
Outdoor (< 150 km/h):
bit rate 384 Kbps
Outdoor (<250 km/h):
bit rate 144 Kbps
• Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient)
• IP architecture
• Packet Oriented Services
• Multiple services simultaneously
• Rich Communication (Interactivity)

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3G Spectrum
• 3G requires minimum 5MHz band
• 2100MHz band dedicated for 3G
• Operators also use 900MHz & 1800MHz for 3G
• Lower frequency, greater coverage - excellent
coverage in rural areas, improves in-door coverage
and augments capacity in urban areas
• 900MHz re-farming solutions let operators use the
GSM frequency to quickly deploy a low-cost UMTS
network with wide coverage. Users get seamless
2G and 3G services with two networks integrated
on the same platform.
• UMTS900 combines superior performance of UMTS
with coverage benefits of 900MHz spectrum
• UMTS900 can co-exist with GSM900

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900MHz for 3G

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Financial Benefits for using 900MHz for 3G
• Up to 66.4% less CAPEX required for
deploying 3G using 900MHz compared to
2100MHz
• 2100MHz only has one advantage –
capacity
• Business strategy should be to deploy 3G
using 900MHz for cost effective and quick
Time to Market and then if required to
increase capacity, use Pico-Cells or Femto-
Cells using 2100MHz
2100MHz
900MHz
SAVINGS

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UMTS900 Stats

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30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHz
30 KHz
Frequency
FDMA — Frequency Division Multiple Access (1G)
Frequency
Time
200 KHz
200 KHz
200 KHz
200 KHz
One timeslot = 0.577 ms One TDMA frame = 8 timeslots
TDMA — Time Division Multiple Access (2G/GSM)

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Multiple Access Technologies
• Spread spectrum modulation
– Originally developed for the military
– Resists jamming and many kinds of interference
– Coded modulation hidden from those w/o the code
• All users share same (large) block of spectrum
– One for one frequency reuse
– Soft handoffs possible
• Every 3G Technology is based on CDMA
– CDMA2000, W-CDMA and TD-SCDMA

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Traffic channels: different users
are assigned unique code and
transmitted over the same
frequency band, for example,
WCDMA and CDMA2000
Traffic channels: different frequency bands are
allocated to different users, for example, AMPS
and TACS
Traffic channels: different time slots are
allocated to different users, for example,
DAMPS and GSM
Power
Power
Power
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA

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Defect
1. Simple Implementation 1. Frequency Reuse
2. privacy
1. Need synchronization
of frame
1. Reduction of interference
2. Diversity Hand-over
3. Privacy
4. 4.2 Times the capacity of
TDMA
1. Sophisticated power
control for mobile
1. Privacy
2. 4 times the capacity of
FDMA
Advantage
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
AMPS, TACS
GSM, PDC
IS95,
W-CDMA
Disadvantage

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FDMA/TDMA CDMA
Frequency is different in each sector. Frequency is same.
Need for frequency plan (Frequency Reuse) No need for frequency plan
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Duplex Technology
• Duplex technology distinguishes User’s Uplink & Downlink Signal
• FDD (Frequency Division Duplex):
– Identify uplink & downlink signal by using different frequencies
– Adopted by GSM & 3G
– Advantage - It can be easily implemented
– Disadvantage – Spectrum utilization is low when uplink & downlink services are asymmetrical
• TDD (Time Division Duplex):
– Identifies uplink & downlink signal by using different timeslots
– Adopted by TD-SCDMA (China)
– Hard to implement as it need very precise synchronization, require GPS in CDMA
– Difficult to control interference between uplink and downlink

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Duplex Technology
Base stationMobile Terminal
Base stationMobile Terminal
Up Down
TS1 TS2
TS: Time slot

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Signal Transmission using Codes
User-A
A
Code 1
User-B
B
Code 2
User-C
C
Code 3
User-A
A
Code 1
User-B
B
Code 2
User-C
C
Code 3
De-spreading
Code
Narrow Band
Signal
Wide Band
Signal
(Multiple Signal)Spreading Despreading
Narrow Band
Signal
C
B
A
(Receiver A)
(Receiver B)
(Receiver C)

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How User Is Identified with Codes
 Downlink (NodeB to UE )
 Scrambling Code: Identifies cell (sector).
 Channelization Code: Identifies user channels in cell (Sector).
 Up Link (UE to NodeB )
 Scrambling Code: Identifies user terminal.
 Channelization Code: Identifies channels in user terminal.

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3G Modulation Schemes
• QPSK - Quadrature Phase Shift
Keying sends information by
altering the phase of the carrier
wave. It uses four different
possible phases, making it possible
to send two bits for every symbol.
• Quadrature amplitude modulation
(QAM) is both an analog and a
digital modulation scheme. It
conveys two analog message
signals, or two digital bit streams,
by changing (modulating) the
amplitudes of two carrier waves,
using the amplitude-shift keying
(ASK) digital modulation scheme
or amplitude modulation (AM)
analog modulation scheme.

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Multipath Environment
Time
Strength of the
received signal
Transmitted
signal

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RAKE Receiver
• A RAKE receiver is a form of radio receiver.
• It is often used to overcome the effects of
multipath propagation.
• It uses several sub-receivers known as
"fingers" which are given a particular
multipath component.
• Each finger then processes its component
and decodes it.
• The resultant outputs from the fingers are
then combined to provide the maximum
contribution from each path.
• In this way rake receivers and multipath
propagation can be used to improve the
signal to noise performance.

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3G Handover Types
“The term handover or handoff refers to the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one base station
or cell or channel to another without loss or interruption of service. Handover occurs when coverage conditions change.”
Four types of handover supported in 3G
o Hard Handover: This form of handover is essentially the same as that used for 2G networks where one link is
broken and another established.
o Soft Handover: This form of handover is a more gradual and the mobile communicates simultaneously with more
than one NodeB or base station during the handover process.
o Softer Handover: Not a full form of UMTS handover, but the UE communicates with more than one sector
managed by the same NodeB.
o Inter-RAT Handover: This form of handover occurs when UEs have to change between Radio Access Technologies
like from UMTS to GSM or GSM to UMTS

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Hard Handover
• The network decides a handover is required dependent upon the signal strengths of the existing link, and the strengths
of broadcast channels of adjacent cells.
• The link between the existing NodeB and the UE is broken.
• A new link is established between the new NodeB and the UE.
Hard handovers is used in below circumstances:
• When moving from one cell to an adjacent cell that is on a different frequency.
• When moving from one cell to another where there is no capacity on the existing channel, and a change to a new
frequency is required.

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Soft Handover
• UE is connected simultaneously to more than one base station (up to 3 sectors) using the same frequency
• The UE receives the downlink transmissions of two or more base stations and combines them using the RAKE Receiver
capability available in signal processing component of UE.
• In the uplink direction, uplink transmission from UE is received at both NodeBs, but the received data is then routed to
the RNC for combining
• The RNC selects the better frame between the two possible candidates based on frame reliability indicator
• Once the soft handover has been completed, the links to the old NodeB are dropped and the UE continues to
communicate with the new NodeB.

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Softer Handover
• UE is connected simultaneously to two sectors of one NodeB using the same frequency
• In the uplink, the signals received by the NodeB, the signals from the two sectors can be routed to the same RAKE
receiver and then combined to provide an enhanced signal.
• In the downlink, it is a little more complicated because the different sectors of the NodeB use different scrambling
codes. To overcome this, different fingers of the RAKE receiver apply the appropriate de-spreading or de-scrambling
codes to the received signals. Once this has been done, they can be combined.

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Inter-RAT Handover
• In many instances it is necessary for the UMTS radio access network to handover to the 2G GSM network.
• These handovers are given a variety of names including Inter-RAT handover as they are handing over between different
forms of Radio Access Technology, Intersystem Handover, and UMTS / GSM Handover.
• These handovers may be required for one of a variety of reasons including:
o Limited UMTS coverage
o UMTS network busy whereas spare capacity is available on GSM network
• The most common form of intersystem or inter-RAT handover is between UMTS and GSM.
• There are two different types of inter-RAT handover:
o UMTS to GSM handover
o Handover from GSM to UMTS

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3G Services & Applications

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3G Service
 Conversational Services
– Speech service:
• Real time conversational service require the low time delay
from end to end , and the uplink and the downlink service
bandwidth is symmetrical .
• Adopt AMR ( adaptive multi rate ) technique (WCDMA).
– 12.2, 10.2, 7.95, 7.40, 6.70, 5.90, 5.15 and 4.75kbps.
– The bit rate of AMR voice can be controlled by the RAN
according to the payload of air interface and the quality
of voice service .
– Video phone (WCDMA)
• The requirement of time delay is similar to the voice service
• The CS connection :adopt ITU-T Rec.H.324M (AMR-H.263)
• The PS connection :adopt IETF SIP or H.323
 Streaming Services
– e.g. Telemetry (monitoring) , Audio and Video streaming
 Interactive Services
– e.g. Web browsing , and online games
 Background Services
– e.g. Email, Fax, SMS, MMS, IM, Presence etc.

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3G Services QoS Classes

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3G Services

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3G Services
• For the consumer
– Video streaming, TV broadcast, Video Clips (news,
music, sports), Video calls, Video sharing
– Enhanced gaming, location services…
– Enhanced Communication – Email, chat, web surfing
– Value Added Services – Information services, games,
e-commerce, friend finder
– Location-based applications - Navigation, traffic
conditions, Airline /rail schedule, location finder,
direction finder
• For business
– High speed teleworking / VPN access
– Video conferencing, Remote Presentation
– Real-time financial information
– Enhanced Communications - E-mail, chat, fax,
intranet/ internet access.
• RCSe Services to compete OTT players
– Presence
– Location
– Instant Messaging (voice + video)
– Conferencing
– File Sharing
– Media Streaming / Annoucements
– Multi-player gaming with voice chat
• General Services
– Mobile TV
– Mobile Broadband
– Mobile Cloud Services
– SMS, EMS, MMS
– VoIP w/o QoS, PoC
– IP Centrex Services for Businesses

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3G Services - IMS Based
IMS

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What is 3GPP?

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What is 3GPP?
• 3GPP Stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project*
• The Partners are Standards Developing Organizations
• Contribution driven …companies participate in 3GPP
through their membership of one of these “Organizational
Partners”
• Currently over 350 Individual Members (Operators,
Vendors, Regulators)
• 13 Market Representation Partners (giving perspectives on
market needs and drivers)
*3GPP is not constrained to 3rd Generation.
It includes work on both 2nd and 4th generation
technologies.
(Japan)
(Japan)
(China) (Korea)
(USA) (Europe)

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What is 3GPP?
What does 3GPP Specify ?
GSM 1G
Analog technology.
Deployed in the 1980s.
GSM 2G
Digital Technology.
First digital systems.
Deployed in the 1990s.
New services such as SMS
and low-rate data.
Primary technologies
include IS-95 CDMA and
GSM.
3G ITU’s IMT-2000 required 144
kbps mobile, 384 kbps
pedestrian, 2 Mbps indoors
Primary technologies
include CDMA2000 1X/EVDO, WiMAX,
and UMTS-HSPA.
4G ITU’s IMT-Advanced
requirements include ability to
operate in up to 40 MHz radio
channels and with very high
spectral efficiency.
No technology meets
requirements today.
IEEE 802.16m and LTE
Advanced being designed
to meet requirements.
3GPP Specified Radio Interfaces
• 2G radio: GSM, GPRS, EDGE
• 3G radio: WCDMA, HSPA, LTE
• 4G radio: LTE Advanced
3GPP Core Network
• 2G/3G: GSM core network
• 3G/4G: Evolved Packet Core (EPC)
3GPP Service Layer
• GSM services
• IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
• Multimedia Telephony (MMTEL)
• Support of Messaging and other OMA
functionality
• Emergency services and public warning
• Etc.Text adapted from 3G Americas White Paper, September 2010

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3GPP Standard Releases
Release 10 LTE-Advanced
meeting the requirementsset
by ITU’s IMT-Advanced project.
Also includes quad-carrier
operation for HSPA+.
Release 99: Enhancements to
GSM data (EDGE). Majority of
deployments today are based on
Release 99. Provides support for
GSM/EDGE/GPRS/WCDMA
radio-access networks.
Release 4: Multimedia
messaging support. First steps
toward using IP transport in the
core network.
Release 5: HSDPA. First phase of
Internet Protocol Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS). Full ability to
use IP-based transport instead of
just Asynchronous Transfer
Mode (ATM) in the core
network.
Release 6: HSUPA. Enhanced
multimedia support through
MultimediaBroadcast/Multicast
Services (MBMS). Performance
specificationsfor advanced
receivers. Wireless Local Area
Network (WLAN) integration
option. IMS enhancements.
Initial VoIP capability.
Release 7: Evolved EDGE. Specifies HSPA+, higher order modulation and MIMO. Performanceenhancements, improved
spectral efficiency, increased capacity, and better resistance to interference. Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC) enables
efficient“always-on” service and enhanced uplink UL VoIP capacity, as well as reductions in call set-up delay for Push-to-Talk
Over Cellular (PoC). Radio enhancements to HSPA include 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) in the downlink DL
and 16 QAM in the uplink. Also includes optimization of MBMS capabilities through the multicast/broadcast, single-frequency
network (MBSFN) function.
Release 8: HSPA Evolution,
simultaneous use of MIMO and
64 QAM. Includes dual-carrier
HSPA (DC-HSPA) wherein two
WCDMA radio channels can be
combined for a doubling of
throughput performance.
Specifies OFDMA-based 3GPP
LTE.
Defines EPC.
Release 9: HSPA and LTE
enhancements including HSPA
dual-carrier operation in
combinationwith MIMO, EPC
enhancements, femtocell
support, support for regulatory
features such as emergency
user-equipmentpositioning and
Commercial Mobile Alert
System (CMAS), and evolution
of IMS architecture.

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3GPP Evolution Direction & Statistics
Text adapted from 3G Americas White Paper, September 2010
• Radio Interfaces
– Higher Data Throughput
– Lower Latency
– More Spectrum Flexibility
– Improved CAPEX and OPEX
• IP Core Network
– Support of non-3GPP Accesses
– Packet Only Support
– Improved Security
– Greater Device Diversity
• Service Layer
– More IMS Applications
(MBMS, PSS, mobile TV, IPTV)
– Greater session continuity

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Rel. 4 - UMTS

48
Rel. 4 UMTS
• UMTS is Universal Mobile Telecommunication System.
• It is one of the THIRD GENERATION (3G) mobile phone technology
• It is standardized by 3GPP in Rel. ‘99 and Rel. 4
• First step towards all-IP vision
• It is an evolution of GSM technology
• UMTS, the 3G successor to GSM, utilizes the W-CDMA air interface and GSM infrastructures, so it is also
called 3GSM
• UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS or EDGE.
• Data rates of UMTS are:
– 144 kbps for rural
– 384 kbps for urban outdoor
– 2048 kbps for indoor and low range outdoor
Different environments of UMTS

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Rel. 4 UMTS Network Architecture

50
Rel. 4 UMTS
UMTS network can be divided into three parts:
1) User Equipment (UE)
2) Radio Network System (RNS)
3) Core Network
4) Billing & VAS
5) Operation & Support System (OSS)

51
UMTS User Equipment
User Equipment consist of two components:
1) UMTS Device
2) USIM (Universal Subscriber Identity Module)
UMTS Device(UE)
o New Name for Mobile
o More functionality and applications
o UMTS mobile station can operate in one of
three modes of operation:
 PS/CS mode of operation: The MS is attached to
both the PS domain and CS domain, and the MS is
capable of simultaneously operating PS services
and CS services.
 PS mode of operation: The MS is attached to the
PS domain only and may only operate services of
the PS domain. However, this does not prevent
CS-like services to be offered over the PS domain
(like VoIP).
 CS mode of operation: The MS is attached to the
CS domain only and may only operate services of
the CS domain.

52
UMTS User Equipment
USIM
UMTS USIM has same physical characteristics as GSM SIM
card. It has several functions:
• Support of one User Service Identity Module (USIM)
application (optionally more that one)
• Support of one or more user profile on the USIM
• Update USIM specific information over the air
• Security functions
• User authentication
• Optional inclusion of payment methods
• Optional secure downloading of new applications
• The USIM also contains a short message
storage area that allows messages to stay
with the user even when the phone is
changed. Similarly "phone book" numbers
and call information of the numbers of
incoming and outgoing calls are stored.

53
UMTS Radio Network System (RNS)
RNS interfaces to both the UE and the core network.
The overall radio access network is known as the
UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network).
• Wide band CDMA technology was selected for
UTRAN air interface.
• UMTS WCDMA is a Direct Sequence CDMA system
where user data is multiplied with quasi-random bits
derived from WCDMA Spreading codes.
• WCDMA has two basic modes of operation:
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division
Duplex (TDD).
RNS comprises of two main components:
1) Radio Network Controller (RNC)
2) NodeB
Radio Network Controller (RNC)
• Controls NodeBs that are connected to it
• Radio Resource Management
• Mobility Management Functions
• Data encryption/decryption
• Handover management
• Communicates with Core Network & other RNCs
• Channel Allocation
• Power Control Settings
• Macro Diversity
• Segmentation / Reassembly
• Broadcast Signaling

54
UMTS Radio Network System (RNS)
NodeB
• NodeB is the name of 3G base station
• Communicates with UE within the cell
• Air interface Transmission / Reception
• Modulation / Demodulation
• CDMA Physical Channel coding
• Micro Diversity
• Error Handing
• Closed loop power control

55
UMTS Core Network (CN)
UMTS Core Network is same as Rel. 4 GSM/GPRS & EDGE
Core Network. Core Network has two parts:
1) Circuit Switched Core Network (CS Core)
o Includes MSC, MGW, HLR, VLR
2) Packet Switched Core Network (PS Core)
o Includes SGSN, GGSN, DNS, CG, BG
Mobile Switching Center (MSCe)
• Provides Signaling & Control functions for Mobile
Network
• Performs all the switching functions
• Manages the necessary radio resources, controls
location updating, manages RNCs
• Carry out all Inter-BSC & Inter-Network communication
Media Gateway (MGW)
• In Rel. ‘99 MSCe & MGW were a single unit –
MSC
• In Rel. 4 Control & Switching functionality of
MSC was incorporated in MSCe and bearer
functionality & physical interfacing was
incorporated in MGW
• Media Gateway provides physical connectivity
with external nodes like RNC, BSC, IN, SMSC,
PSTN, other PLMN and International Gateways
• MGWs are controlled by MSC
• Converts between different transmission &
coding techniques and perform Media streaming
functions such as echo cancellation, DTMF, and
tone sending.

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Visitor Location Register (VLR)
• Dynamically stores subscriber information needed to handle incoming/outgoing calls
• Assigns mobile subscriber roaming number (MSRN) to roaming number
• Stores the location area in which the mobile has been registered
• Stores data related to supplementary service parameters
Home Location Register (HLR)
• Manages the mobile subscriber database
• Defines all services, features allowed to all subscribers
• Every service definition is done and managed by HLR, whether it is a prepaid or postpaid, what services are
allowed, how those services will be implemented etc.
• In one sentence Mobile Voice Communication is defined as “HLR defines all the services allowed for
subscribers in its database while MSC implements those services using MGW, BSC & BTS after balance
checking from SCP and then keep informing SCP of the service status so it can charge subscriber accordingly”

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Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
As the name implies, this entity was first developed when GPRS was introduced, and its use has been carried
over into the UMTS network architecture. The SGSN provides a number of functions within the UMTS network
architecture.
• Mobility management: When a UE attaches to the Packet Switched domain of the UMTS Core Network, the
SGSN generates MM information based on the mobile's current location.
• Session management: The SGSN manages the data sessions providing the required quality of service and
also managing what are termed the PDP (Packet data Protocol) contexts, i.e. the pipes over which the data is
sent.
• Interaction with other areas of the network: The SGSN is able to manage its elements within the network
only by communicating with other areas of the network, e.g. MSC and other circuit switched areas.
• Billing: The SGSN is also responsible for billing. It achieves this by monitoring the flow of user data across
the GPRS network. CDRs (Call Detail Records) are generated by the SGSN before being transferred to the
charging entity (Charging Gateway, CG).

58
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
• Like the SGSN, this entity was also first introduced into the GPRS network.
• GGSN is the central element within the UMTS packet switched network.
• GGSN handles inter-working between the UMTS packet switched network and external packet switched
networks, and can be considered as a very sophisticated router.
• In operation, when the GGSN receives data addressed to a specific user, it checks if the user is active and
then forwards the data to the SGSN serving the particular UE.
Domain Name Server (DNS)
A DNS server runs special-purpose networking software, features a public IP address, and contains a database
of network names and addresses for other Internet hosts.

59
Border Gateway (BG)
• A sophisticated router with support of Firewall, Border Gateway Protocol and IPSec.
• Uses GTP (GPRS Tunnel Protocol) to connect one PLMN with other.
• Performs security functions to protect Intra-PLMN backbone from unauthorized users & attacks
Charging Gateway (CG)
• Provides charging, rating, tariffs for GPRS users
• Charging can be done based on QoS or Volume
• Separate charging rules for prepaid & postpaid
• SGSN & GGSN generate Charging Data Records (CDR) which contains user information and Data used. These
CDR are pulled by Charging Gateway to apply rating functions and then passes it on to the Billing System

60
UMTS Billing, VAS & OSS
Billing
• Includes IN (Intelligent Network) & Mediation systems
• IN provides prepaid & postpaid billing, rating rules, invoice generation functionalities
VAS
• Stands for Value Added Services
• Includes Voicemail Server, SMSC, RBT Server, Loyalty Server and other product servers
OSS
• Stands for Operation & Support System
• Provides centralized network operations, monitoring, maintenance, configuration, troubleshooting platform
• Supports external interfacing to send SMS/Email alerts in case of issues.
• Provides Performance Statistics to help optimize the network and do proper capacity planning

61
UMTS Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages
• Fast Internet
• Smooth Multimedia Messaging (MMS)
• Enhanced Location based services
• Enhanced Communication (Email, IM, File sharing)
• Increased Capacity compared to 2G
• MExE (Mobile Execution Environment) – like USIM Application Toolkit, VPN, Conference
Disadvantage
• Poor Video Experience
• Drains battery
• Expensive that GSM
• Still not Broadband

62
Rel. 5 & 6 – HSPA & IMS

63
3GPP Release 5 & 6 - HSPA
Release 5 - HSDPA
• IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
• IPv6, IP transport in UTRAN
• HSDPA
Release 6 - HSUPA
• WLAN integration (Wifi Offloading)
• Multimedia broadcast and multicast
• Improvements in IMS
• HSUPA
HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) is a combination of two
technologies:
• HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access:
HSDPA provides improved downlink packet data support,
reduced delays, and a peak raw data rate (i.e. over the
air) of 14.4 Mbps.
• HSUPA - High Speed Uplink Packet Access:
HSUPA provides improved uplink packet data support,
reduced delays and a peak raw data rate of 5.74 Mbps.

64
HSPA Facts

65
HSPA Facts

66
HSPA Network Architecture
SS7
IP
BTS
BSC
MSC Server
VLR
HLR/HSS
GMSC server
BSS
SGSN GGSN
PSTN
CN
IM — IP Multimedia sub-system
MRF — Media Resource Function
CSCF — Call State Control Function
MGCF — Media Gateway Control Function (Mc=H248,Mg=SIP)
IM-MGW — IP Multimedia-MGW
2G MS (voice only)
2G+ MS (voice & data)
Node B
RNC
RNS
3G UE (voice & data)
MGW
MGW
IMS
IP
MGCF
IM-MGW
MRF
CSCF
IP Network

67
HSPA Key Features
While 3G UMTS HSPA offers higher data transfer rates, this is not the only benefit, as the system offers many
other improvements as well:
• Use of higher order modulation: 16QAM is used in the downlink for maximum data rates of 14.4 Mbps.
QPSK is still used in the uplink where data rates of up to 5.8 Mbps are achieved.
• Shorter Transmission Time Interval (TTI): The use of a shorter TTI (2 ms) reduces the round trip time
and enables improvements in adapting to fast channel variations and provides for reductions in latency.
• Use of shared channel transmission: Sharing the resources enables greater levels of efficiency to be
achieved and integrates with IP and packet data concepts.
• Use of link adaptation: It maximizes channel usage and enables the base station to operate at close to
maximum cell power.
• Fast Node B scheduling: The use of fast scheduling with adaptive coding and modulation (only downlink)
enables the system to respond to the varying radio channel and interference conditions and provides
users with most suitable channel conditions.
• Node B based Hybrid ARQ: This enables 3G HSPA to provide reduced retransmission round trip times
and it adds robustness to the system by allowing soft combining of retransmissions.

68
HSPA Link Adaptation
• UE informs the Node B regularly of its channel quality by CQI messages (Channel Quality Indicator)
• Adaptive modulation and higher order modulation (16/64QAM) with HSDPA
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Time [number of TTIs]
QPSK1/4
QPSK2/4
QPSK3/4
16QAM2/4
16QAM3/4
InstantaneousEsNo[dB]
Channel Quality Information (CQI)
transmitted on HS-DPCCH
HS-DSCH link adaptation
Node B
Terminal

69
NodeB
HSPA Fast Retransmission
Packet
RLC
ACK/NACK
Retransmisson Packet
Layer 1
ACK/NACK
Retransmisson
UMTS HSPA
RNC
UE
RNC
UE

70
HSDPA Channels
• DCH (Dedicated Transport Channel) – Carries
Signaling for data traffic & carrier voice service traffic
• HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control
Channel) – It carries Channel Quality Information and
Radio Link ACK/NACK
• HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel) – It
carries UE identity, HARQ and Transmission Format
information
• HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel) – It
carries downlink traffic
Hybrid automatic repeat request is a combination of high-rate forward error-correcting coding and ARQ error-control. In standard ARQ,
redundant bits are added to data to be transmitted using an error-detecting code such as a cyclic redundancy check
Node B Terminal

71
HSUPA Channels
• E-DCH (Enhanced Dedicated Channel) – Carries user
data in uplink direction. Further divided into two
channels.
• EDPDCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel)
– Carries User data
• EDPCCH (Enhanced Dedicated Physical Control
Channel) – Carries user control data
• E-AGCH (Enhanced Absolute Grant Channel) – Provide
absolute grant of power resources for large data
session.
• E-RGCH (Enhanced Relative Grant Channel) – Provide
grant for relatively small resources for small changes
in ongoing data session
• E-HICH (Enhanced HARQ Indicator Channel) –
Provides acknowledgement that UE data is received at
NodeB
NodeB
UE
E-RGCH
E-AGCH
E-HICH
DPCCH
E-DPCCH
E-DPDCH

72
HSPA Speeds
5 codes QPSK
# of codes Modulation
5 codes 16-QAM
10 codes 16-QAM
15 codes 16-QAM
1.8 Mbps
Max
data rate
3.6 Mbps
7.2 Mbps
14.4 Mbps
2 x SF4
2 ms
10 ms
# of codes TTI
2 x SF2 10 ms
2 x SF2 2 ms
2 x SF2 +
2 x SF4
2 ms
1.46 Mbps
Max
data rate
2.0 Mbps
2.9 Mbps
5.76 Mbps
Downlink
 Theoretical up to 14.4 Mbps
 Practical 1.8 – 3.6 Mbps
Uplink
 Theoretical up to 5.76 Mbps
 Practical up to 1.46 Mbps

73
Rel. 7 – HSPA+

74
3GPP Release 7 – HSPA+
 Both HSPA and HSPA+ are defined in 3GPP
 HSPA+ is backward compatible with HSPA
 Just need Software upgrade from HSPA, one new card in RNC, one card and new MIMO antenna in NodeB

75
HSPA+ Key Features
• Achieve performance close to LTE in 5MHz
of spectrum.
• Provide smooth internetworking between
HSPA and LTE, thereby facilitating the
operation of both technologies.
• Allow operation in a packet-only mode for
both voice and data.
• Facilitate migration from current HSPA
infrastructure to HSPA+ infrastructure.
• Higher-order modulation can be
supported in both uplink (16QAM) and
downlink (64QAM).
• 16QAM modulation enables peak data
rates of 12 Mbit/s in the uplink, while
64QAM modulation enables peak data
rates of 21 Mbit/s in the downlink.
• It introduces antenna array technologies
such as beam-forming and Multiple-
input multiple-output communications
(MIMO).

76
3G Device Categories
Category Modulation
Maximum
Data rate
1 16QAM 1.2
2 16QAM 1.2
3 16QAM 1.8
4 16QAM 1.8
5 16QAM 3.6
6 16QAM 3.6
Category Modulation
Maximum
Data rate
7 16QAM 7.2
8 16QAM 7.2
9 16QAM 10.2
10 16QAM 14.4
14 64QAM 21.1
16
16QAM +
MIMO 2x2
28
Category Modulation
Maximum
Data rate
20
64QAM + MIMO
2x2
42.2
21
16QAM + Dual
Cell
23.4
22
16QAM + Dual
Cell
28
24
64QAM + Dual
Cell
42.2
26
16QAM + Dual
Cell + MIMO 2x2
55.9
28
16QAM + Dual
Cell + MIMO 2x2
84.4

77
Dual Cell HSDPA (DC-HSDPA)
Primary Carrier
Frequency 1
Second Carrier
Frequency 2
Dual cells covers
the same
geographical area
Downlink peak rate
up to 42Mbps
Use 2 adjacent carriers to transmit
simultaneously data to the same user

78
+
Downlink Peak Data Rate
14.4
21
28
42
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
RAN10.0 RAN11.0 RAN11.0 RAN12.0
DownlinkPeakDataRateMbps
64QAM 16QAM + DC 64QAM + DC
+
DIGICEL OPTIONS

79
• Dual-cell HSDPA (DC-HSDPA) enables users to receive HSDPA data from two inter-frequency DL cells under
the same coverage at the same time.
• DC-HSDPA has best coverage and better throughput in cell edges compared to all other features of HSPA+
due to double frequency resource utilization.
• Primary frequency (Anchor) F1 is used for Uplink and R’99 services (Voice over CS)
• Secondary frequency F2 is used for Downlink (High Speed Data Services)
• Compared with the traditional HSPA technology, DC-HSDPA brings the following gains:
o Reduce the HTTP service delay. As the user peak rate is increased, the HTTP service response delay can
be greatly reduced, and user service experience can be improved.
o Improving the user experience of cell edge users and enhancing the DL coverage.
o Fully utilizing spectrum resources of telecom operators to improve the capacity.

80
MIMO Introduction to HSPA+
• Multiple Input Multiple Out – Use of multiple antenna
• Very few handsets support MIMO (mainly for Dongles or
Modem/Routers)
64 QAM
• Only users at the center of a cell can enjoy the increase of
peak data rate
MIMO
• All users in a cell can enjoy the increase in the peak data rate
DC-HSDPA
• DC-HSDPA has best coverage and better throughput in cell
edges compared to all other features of HSPA+ due to double
frequency resource utilization.
Downlink MIMO Introduction

81
Downlink DC-HSDPA + 64QAM + MIMO

82
HSPA/HSPA+ One Tunnel Architecture

83
IP Multimedia System (IMS)

84
What is IMS?
• IMS stands for IP Multimedia System
• 3GPP standard – started in Release 5 along with
HSDPA
• IMS is an evolved Core Network Architecture to
enable operators to provide IP Services
• IMS provides natural convergence of various
access networks
2G/3G/4G/Wifi/WiMAX/Cable/Fixed Line –
Access Independence
• Terminal & User Mobility
• IMS (IP Multimedia System) is the new Core
Network that provides a mobile service provider
leverage over others by enabling it to deliver rich
suit of services including both fixed line & mobile
services, VoIP, IPTV etc.
• IMS also enables to use Voice over LTE for LTE
networks

85
Why IMS?

86
IMS – the way forward …..
• IMS, IP Multimedia Subsystem, is a main future architecture
for operators offering end-user services in the packet domain
• IMS is a generic architecture for offering
multimedia services (not just VoIP)
• IMS is defined in 3GPP/3GPP2 standards.
Embraced in ETSI TISPAN
• IMS is delivering services over multiple
access networks
• IMS is a service Enabler !!!!

87
IMS – End User Perspective
Voice
Chat
Instant
Messaging
Video
Telephony
Pre-IMS Communication
1 > Decide on communication mode/media
2 > Create content
3 > Send/call the chosen person
4 > Disconnect and reconnect if changing media
IMS Communication
1 > See who is available beforehand (presence)
2 > See which mode/media to use
3 > Contact and create content
4 > Change media in real time
Voice
Chat
Instant
Messaging
Video
Telephony

88
IMS – Operator Perspective

89
Rich IMS Services – Increase ARPU

90
IMS Drivers
Societal and Business trends
• Internet is becoming a major enabler
of communications
• Consumers are embracing computing,
mobile and digital technology in their
everyday life
• Evolution of Business models require
increased levels of personal mobility
Convergence
• Converged devices (Mobile, WLAN,
Internet etc.)  Connectivity
• Converged services  Ease of use
• Converged networks  Reliability,
Security, Reduced OPEX/CAPEX
• Converged business models  Increased
margins, Avoidance of twin pitfalls risk
Access Technology Enhancements
• HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) – evolved
WCDMA
• OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple
Access) – 3GPP LTE, WiMAX, MBWA, ADSL/VDSL,
DVB-T/H, IPTV etc.
• MIMO – Wifi, WiMAX, LTE

91
IMS Evolution for Applications
Image
SMS
MMS
Presence & IM
Active
phonebook
Push-To-Talk
Text
Voice
Voice
Sharing
Video
Person-to-Person
dominates traffic growth
Movies
Photos
Internet
Text/Pictures
SMS/MMS
HTTP
Streaming
Download
Video
Music
Ring tone
Person-to-Content
known usability patterns
Gaming

92
Service Convergence in Quadruple Play
Fixed Mobile
Convergence
=
Converged Service
Architecture
Industry
consolidation and
alliances
=
Convergence at Service
Provider level.
End User
experience
=
Access to subscribed
services from any
device in the bundle
Common service
and subscriber
management
Common provisioning,
mgmt and billing
Setup of the
appropriate QoS
and resources
Service continuity

93
IMS Architecture

94
Why all this excitement ?
• Imagine starting a voice call on you home phone and transferring it
seamlessly to your mobile as you drive to work.
• Imagine sending a multimedia message from your car that later appears
on your TV screen.
• Imagine watching a movie on that same TV, pausing it in mid-show and
then watching it on a wireless PDA as you relax in the garden.
• Imagine having a cell phone conversation with two or three friends and
simultaneously sharing a video of the football match you are attending.
• Imagine that all of the above can be done with a single account, on a
single log-in with multiple devices over any number of access networks
• This is just one example (out of many) of seamless multimedia service
that IMS will allow users to access “anywhere” at “anytime”

95
IMS – An everyday Scenario
Daniel
Jacqueline
In a taxi from the airport... Walking to the office...
Mobile phone call Mobile phone call
Mobile phone Mobile phoneVincente
Gerry

96
Daniel
Jacqueline
In a taxi from the airport...
Walking to the office...
Activates Video mode Views Images on his mobile
Mobile phone Mobile phoneVincente
Gerry

97
Vincente Daniel
Gerry Jacqueline
In a taxi from the airport... Walking to the office...
Mobile phone Mobile phone
Buddy list > select project work group
Initiate PTT session
In the office... In the office...Office PC
Join PTT session Join PTT session
Join PTT session
Fixed line phone

98
Daniel
Jacqueline
At the hotel... Walking to the office...
Laptop Computer Mobile phone
Buddy list > personal list
Invite others to Videoconference
In the office... In the office...Office PC Fixed line phone
Join Videoconference
Join VideoconferenceJoin Videoconference
Vincente
Gerry

99
Daniel
Jacqueline
At the hotel... Walking to the office...
Laptop Computer Mobile phone
Participates in Videoconference
Participates in VideoconferenceOpens presentation and shares it
with his colleagues
Vincente
Gerry

100
Vincente Daniel
Gerry Jacqueline
At the hotel... Arrived in the office...
Laptop Computer Office PC
Switches from Mobile to PC
Participates in VideoconferenceParticipates in Videoconference

101
RCS (Rich Communication Serices)

102
Rapid Popularity of Smartphones
Smartphone vs. Feature Phone

103
OTT Fragmented Market

104
OTT Services Are Changing Consumer Habits
Apple iMessage
•
Sends short messages (SMs),
videos, images, and other
files.
•
iMessage/FaceTime
embedded in mobile phones
•
iOS devices only
Whatsapp
•
IM, video share, audio share,
file share, image share,
location share, group chat
•
Android, iPhone, Blackberry,
Symbian, Windows Phone
•
400 million users
Viber
•
IM, audio chat, video chat
•
Stickers, location share, file
share
•
Android, iOS, Windows
Phone, Nokia, Bada, PC
•
250 million users
Skype
•
IM, video share, audio share,
file share, image share,
group chat/calls
•
PC, Linux, iOS, Android,
Blackberry, Nokia, WinPhone
•
360 million users
Line
•
IM, Audio/Video message,
Audio/Video call, group chat,
games, timelines
•
iPhone, Android, PC, MAC
•
300 million users
WeChat
•
IM, audio/video calls, group
chat, look around, facebook
connect
•
600 million users
BBM
•
IM, video conversation
•
Android, iPhone, Blackberry
•
40 million users
Facebook Messenger
•
IM, facebook, audio call
•
Android, iPhone, PC, Linux,
MAC
•
240 million users
Gtalk/Hangouts
•
IM, file share, audio call,
video call, conferencing,
location share
•
Android, iPhone, PC, Linux,
MAC, Blackberry, Nokia
•
325 million users
Others
•
ChatON – 100 million users
•
Kik – 90 million users
•
Kakao Talk – 130 million
•
ooVoo – 75 million users
•
Tango – 150 million users

105
Traditional Service Revenue are affected
Traditional
value chain
Content Device
New value
chain
Network provider
Value
Network provider
Content Cloud / Apps Device
In the current intense competition, operators are losing control over
the value chain.

106
OTT Threat Assessment

107
Relationship between Operators & OTT Providers
Cooperation Attack
+
+
+
RCS
 Blocking OTT services provided by other
vendors and improving the PS tariff are
double-edged swords, which will lead to
loss of subscribers (KPN example)
 Technologiesemerging in an endless stream
will continueto break all kinds of
blockades.
 Led by G5, European operatorsunite to promote
rapid deployment of RCS services.
 Operators competeagainst OTT for subscribers by
deploying services the same as OTT services in a
customized terminal.
 The subscriberloyalty may be maintained
in a short term.
 In a long term, operatorswill gradually
lose basic communication services and be
completely reduced to pipeline operators.
KPN summarizesthe cause of revenue
decline as that more and more
consumers use instant messaging and
VoIP applications, leading to a
reduction in making calls and sending
SMs. In response to this trend, KPN
decides to improve the PS tariff.
Restriction
Many Operators like Sprint, Verizon,
H3G, VimpleCom cooperate with
OTT in installing VoIP software such
as Skype, Gtalk and Whatsapp in a
customized terminal.
VDF view on RCS: The RCS is not a service
or framework. It is an overall
communicationstrategy for the VDF and
an important strategic measure for
ensuring that the VDF can obtain more
than 80% revenues in the field of basic
communications.
+

108
RCS Initiative
The RCS Initiative is the joint effort of leading industry
players to speed up and facilitate the adoption of
applications and services that provide an
interoperable, convergent, rich communication
experience. The RCS Initiative includes network
operators, network and device vendors.
— RCS1.0 Func Desc
 The RCS initiative was established in May 2007 and belongs to the GSM association (GSMA). It includes operators, network device
vendors, and mobile phone vendors, and independent RCS AS and RCS client vendors.
 The RCS initiative aims to promote RCS interworking, instead of formulating RCS specifications. The RCS service specification
architecture part reuses the OMA and GSMA specifications, and the technical details are defined by using a large number of IETF
specifications.

109
RCS Release Evolution
Version Feature
RCS
Release 1.0
The RCS Release 1 effort focuses on a core service set comprising of enhanced address book, enhanced messaging and enriched
call.
• Enhanced Address Book, (EAB)
• Content Sharing
• File Transfer
• Enhanced Messaging
Release 2.0
The main purpose of the RCS Release 2 was to provide the user with access to RCS service features from a wider range of devices,
making it possible to use RCS from a PC, for instance via broadband wire-line access.
• Broadband Access to RCS features
• Multi-device environment
• Network Address Book
• Provisioning and configuration of RCS devices/clients
Release 3.0
The RCS Release 3 effort focuses on consolidating the Release 2 features and adds some enhancements such as the IP Multimedia
Subsystem (IMS) Primary Device feature, which allows customers to use the Broadband Access (BA) as the primary device in the
case where there are not mobile devices.
• Broadband Access Enhancement
• Social Presence Information Enhancements
• Content Sharing Enhancement
• Messaging Enhancement
• NVAS Network Value Added Service (NVAS)

110
RCS Release Evolution
Version Feature
RCS
Release 4.0
The RCS Release 4 (RCS R4) main focus is to support Long Term Evolution (LTE) and enhance the messaging services.
• Video share with our without a call
• Larger text message size, Multiple recipients of text messages, Backwards compatibility with SMS
• Enhanced MMS capabilities
• Multi device handling and network message storage
• Shared image manipulation, Video share with pause and resume
• VIP contacts
• PIM synchronization
Release 5.0
RCS 5.0 is completely backward compatible with RCS-e V1.2 specifications and also includes features from RCS 4 and exciting new
features such as IP video call, IP voice call and Geo-location exchange. Global interoperability is a key aspect of these
specifications, and RCS5.0 supports both OMA CPM and OMA SIMPLE IM. RCS 5.0 includes following features listed below.
• Standalone Messaging
• 1-2-1 Chat
• Group Chat
• File Transfer
• Content Sharing
• Social Presence Information
• IP Voice call (IR.92 and IR.58)
• IP Video call (IR.94)
• Geolocation Exchange
• Capability Exchange based on Presence or SIP OPTIONS

111
RCS Market Opportunity

112
RCS - joyn

113
RCS joyn – OEM Commitement

114
Benefits of joyn

115
Interworking – RCS Future
Market opportunities for interworking with services similar
to RCS services
Within one year, the IM traffic increases by 30 times.
Within one year, the number of active subscribers increases
by 6 times.

The RCS, as a basic communication service, has
the same interworking capability with the voice
and SMS services.

The RCS introduces new interworking
requirements, including signaling interworking
over SIP, IM interworking over MSRP, video
sharing interworking over RTP, and Presence
information interworking over XCAP.
RCS user RCS user
3GPP SIP 3GPP SIP
Country A / Operator A Country B / Operator B
IM, Presence, Video Sharing, File Transfer IM, Presence, Video Sharing, File Transfer
IPXIMS Core IMS CorePS Core PS Core
CS Core CS Core
RCS AS RCS AS

116
RCS Services
More
RCS
Capability discovery
RCS-e IM (1-1 & 1-N)
File transfer
Image / Video share
Offline store and forward
Presence
NAB
VoLTE integration *
QoS Voice / Video over PS
Voice / Video over WiFi
Firewall Traversal Location share
Voice chat
IM interworking with OTT *
Integrate SNS *
IM interworking with SMS
Automatic friend findingPush

117
RCS Services

118
RCS Services
Video call IM File transfer
Enhanced
Address Book

119
RCS Services
Location shareVoice chatSharing SMS

120
Operator’s Call to Action

121
RCS Network Architecture

122
Hosted RCS Solutions
• Many vendors offer HOSTED RCS
SOLUTION
• Hosted RCS Solution means that RCS
platform will be hosted in Vendor
datacenter
• Hosted Solution offers flexible investment
option for operators.
• Pay as you grow model
• In future, if operator decide to host the
platform in their own datacenter then
service can be migrated seamlessly

123
MBMS & IPTV

124
MBMS
• Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
• Technology for Video delivery over Cellular
Networks.
• MBMS along with IMS allow IPTV, Mobile TV
services on HSPA networks.
• Natural enabler for Triple Play services
opportunities for Mobile Operators.

125
MBMS

126
IPTV
Internet Protocol Televison: The TV programs transferred
through IP network and in IP data packages
Alternative and Open Audio and Video
News and Games
TVIP
• Generation 1 - “Cable Look Alike”
- 50 to 1000 Channels
- 20 - 50 Video on Demand
- Three to 5 Tier Service Plans
• Generation 2 - “More Content”
- 10k+ Channels (International Content+)
- Thousands of Video on Demand
- Personal TV Guides and Channels
• Generation 3 - “Interactive TV”
- Interactive Advertising
- Television Commerce - T-Commerce

127
Why IPTV ?
• Different Operators has the different motives to develop IPTV. Some of them
include:
– Promoting the broadband network developing, and increase broadband
subscriber’s number
– Improving the existent broadband network value, increase ARPU
– Transforming existing legacy TV systems into modernize Revenue
Generating paltform
– Following the newest trend of technique & service, attract consumers and
increase revenue
– Transforming the role from the Basic Network Carrier to that of a
Comprehensive Service Provider

128
IPTV provide Opportunities to Operators
All Services Model - Convergent Network & Convergent Service
Revenue & Transform
To increase the revenue and
improve competition ability
Contents & Application
To build the value chain and
attract the consumer
Legacy IPTV Solution / IMS Based IPTV
Based on the networks (Fixed & Mobile)
Build Value chain
Fixed phone sets
PCs/Hand PCs
Household
application
TV / Consoles
Smartphones
&
Tablets

129
Why IPTV ?
Extended TV
VoD, TSTV, nPVR,
TVOD, NVOD, ...
Enrich Video Service
Convergent TV
TV Sharing, Video Call,
Caller ID, IM, …
Interactive Ability
Applications
Standardization TV
Games on Demand
TV Shopping
Media & AD Services
Service Convergence &
Experience Convergence
Walled Garden

130
Entertainment Lifestyles are Realized
ICE lifestyle is cool!
ICE : Information + Communication + Entertainment
Video
IP Data
Entertainment
Mobile
HomeLifestyle
Online Guessing
Video Comm
TV Photo
TV Shopping
Life Magazine
Multi-Screen Experience
Online Education
Interactive Games
Interactive Ad
Service
Shape
Based on
Convergence

131
Why it is Revolutionary?
o True interactive television, using EPG.
• Program schedule, Information
• Customized favorites
• Customized home screen
• Video Trailers
• EBIF, Tru2way (formerly OCAP)
o See anything you want to see, any time, also possible on a mobile
device. (content delivered through 3gp/MP4 conversion)
o Reduced infrastructure costs, works with existing connection.
o Infinite number of channels.
o Even works with wireless connections.
o 100% digital transmission

132
Why it is Revolutionary?
o Up to 1080p format, High definition DVD quality.
o Embedded 7.1 channel DTS AC3 audio, multiple audio languages,
multiple language subtitles.
o Live TV Pause, resume and record is possible.
o Video on Demand, Radio on Demand, Movies on Demand.
(Content stored on servers)
o On demand advertising
o Interactive applications –
• Satellite maps
• Online shopping, ticket booking etc.

133
IPTV Transmission
• Live Broadcasts:
Live TV content is delivered to the user.
Pause and resume will be available for a
fixed window time decided by the
provider. The content is sent to multiple
users at a time.
• On-demand videos:
Arranged like a playlist. Episodes or clips
are arranged by title or channel or in
categories like news, sports or music
videos. You choose exactly what you want
to watch, when you want.
• Media delivery
– IP, UDP, RTP, TCP, etc.
• Control/Signaling
– RTSP, RTCP, IGMP(v2,v3), SDP
• Codecs for video delivery
– MPEG2, MPEG4/H.264, MPEG2-TS, FLV,
AVI, RM, WMV, ASF, MOV
• Network Speed –
– Can be a minimum of 1 Mbps to maximum
of 40 Mbps

134
IPTV Economics
Revenue Sources
• Subscription
• Pay Per View
• Advertising
- (up to 20x higher revenue due to ad targeting)
• T-Commerce
- (direct order transaction via TV - over $100 per
month transaction revenue)
Costs
 Content
 35% to 50% for traditional
 TV programs
 Operations
 System Equipment and software licensing
 Data Transmission (Delivery Network)

135
Converged IPTV – Infinite Choices

136
Converged IPTV Infrastructure

137
3G Offloading via WLAN
4G Wifi & Hotspot 2.0

138
What is WLAN/WiFi?
• WLAN stands for Wireless Local Area Network
• WiFi stands for Wireless Fidelity
• WiFi is the term used for Service which is based on
WLAN standards.
• WLAN standards include 802.11
a/b/g/n/h/i/j/k/l/m/ac/ad/ah/au etc.
• The most relevant of these additions are: 802.11a,
802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n and 802.11ac

139
WLAN Evolution

140
The Landscape is Changing
Consumer demand Smart Phones Consumer Demand more applications Consumer demand Convenient application
Customer demand more data MBB traffic is growing quickly
FY 10/11eFY 08/09 FY 09/10
252423
140
82
41
+70%
+100%
Data Voice
Europe operator (PB)
Source: Huawei MI report
2010 2014
MBB user 0.4 Billion 4 Billion
Average
traffic/user/month
100 MB 5GB
Speed to access 1 Mbps 100 Mbps
Customer demands in various aspects is changing voice centric traffic to data centric traffic

141
MBB Challenge & Opportunity
Curve A: ARPU
Curve C: Cost
Curve B: Bandwidth
Source: Huawei Analysis
Worse
Margin
Overall light network traffic volume with limited congestion
High cost of building & operating pipeline
Continuous Increase in traffic volume with stagnant profitability prospectA
Good
Margin
Sustainable
Margin
MBB GrowthMBB Initiation
C
B
Ubiquitous MBB Era
2009 2010 2011 2012
(yan)
(1)Voice ARPU
(2)Packet ARPU
Aggregate ARPU((1)+(2))
Halt decline of
aggregate ARPU
Aggregate ARPU
rebound
Packet ARPU
overtake voice
APPU
￥2,540
￥2,530
Source: Docomo fiscal
MBB needs new business models.

142
Where is Real Data Traffic
Hotspot
Traffic
20% Hot sites carry 80% Traffic
Continuous Macro cell capacity Real
Demand
SuburbanUrban Rural
o Most MBB traffic come from indoor
o Indoor coverage by outdoor site is bad because of high
penetration loss
o Site acquisition for indoor coverage is difficult
o Femto is about 5 times more expensive than AP, too costly
Indoor coverage by cellular network is not a cost-effective way

143
WiFi meets High Bandwidth Requirement
802.11ac
802.11ad
Future
802.11
1997
802.11a/b
1999
802.11g
2003
802.11n
2*2 MIMO
2009
2Mbps 54/11Mbps 54Mbps 300Mbps 1Gbps
Bandwidth comparison Cost/MB comparison
802.11n
3*3,4*4 MIMO
2012
450/600Mbps
WiFi has an advantage over current cellular technology in bandwidth & cost
WiFi is complement ray for cellular network to offload the data traffic

144
… and Mobile Operators are Looking at WiFi as the Solution!
“WiFi is a very important technology for
us and it will be considered as a factor in
our network plans in the future.“
Mark Siegel, AT&T
Feb 12, 2010
"We use a lot of WiFi, especially in
Germany, to offload data traffic as early as
we can...”
Olivier Baujar, CTO Deutsche Telekom
Feb 24, 2010
"The price points of femtocell technology
still make it a bit beyond consumer
pricing. The ability to use Wi-Fi is much
more industrial grade."
Vivek Badrinath, CTO Orange
Feb 24, 2010
"WiFi offloading is a huge topic. It could
significantly reduce the load on the
mobile network, [reduction of around
30%]"
Dr Hans Ametsreiter, CEO Mobilkom
Austria
Feb 17, 2010
WLAN

145
WLAN Improve User Experience
Access WiFi with (U)SIM,
no need for
username/password
Encrypt in the air and using
802.1x authentication
CellularWLAN
Access PS services through WiFi
network, and seamless handover
for cellular/WiFi.
Much higher speed than 3G,
802.11 achieves 600Mbps
Convenience Security ConsistencyHigh speed
OFF
ON

146
Hotspot 1.0 vs. Hotspot 2.0
Hotspot 2.0
Turn it on and Get Access
Hotspot 1.0
Turn it on and Look for SSID
• Future of Wireless Connectivity
• WiFi integrated with Cellular for data offloading
• User turn on device WiFi and seamlessly get
access
• No manual end-user interaction
• Digicel Tonga current setup
• Hotspot system is not integrated to Cellular
• User have to look for appropriate SSID
• User can get credential by using SMS or buying
vouchers
?
Operator
XYZ

147
Hotspot 2.0
Subscriber with Wi-Fi Data Plan Seamlessly Connects to
Hotspot when Mobile Network Coverage is not good or
Mobile Network is congested
Subscriber Without Data Plan Gets Prompt to buy
data plan or Hotspot access

148
WLAN & Cellular Interworking Architectures
Open Coupling WLAN & Cellular
Loose Coupling WLAN & Cellular
SIM Based Authentication EAP-SIM for seamless connectivity

149
WLAN & Cellular Interworking Architectures
Tight Coupling WLAN & Cellular
• Seamless Connectivity
• Vertical Handover between 2G/3G & WLAN
• Same PS Services over Cellular & WLAN
Very Tight Coupling WLAN & Cellular
• All features of Tight Coupling
• Mobility
• Both CS & PS Services over WLAN

150
Seamless Connectivity
3G/WiFi Converged Network Architecture
• Smartphones/Tablets can seamless handover from 3G to WiFi automatically, and return to 3G network when WiFi signal is disappear.
• Use of EAP-SIM authentication and WPA2-AES encryption.

151
Unified Service Solution
HLR/HSS
AP
WiFi
AC
3GPP AAA Server
UE
 Solution feature
 Subscribers can use operator’s PS services through WiFi
network, like MMS, WAP, etc.
 Advantage
 Reuse GGSN, save cost, unified core network
 Resue UE which support EAP-SIM/AKA, do not need IPSec
feature.
 New equipment
 TGW, 3GPPP AAA
 Upgrade
 AC should support setup GRE by domain, send UE MAC in
radius message.
 GGSN support Gn’ which differentiate WiFi and cellular
billing (optional)
PS service
or Internet
TGW GGSN
GRE GTP(Gn’)
Radius
Wm

152
Hotspot 2.0 (WLAN & Cellular Integration)
SGSN GGSNBSC/RNC
HLR3GPP AAAAC
PS Service/
Internet
PCRF
S2a
(GTP/PMIP)
NMS
WiFi AP
WiFi AP
WiFi AP
WiFi AP
WiFi Flow
2G/3G Flow
Physical Link
WiFi /2G/3G Flow
Switch
Base
Station
Internet
Pico + WiFi
AG
 Solution feature
 Balance two network traffic, AC/BSC/RNC trigger UE
whether handover base on policy (BS and AP load,
etc )
 Advantage
 Full use WiFi & cellular resource, higher user
experience
 Upgrade
AC support EAP-SIM/AKA, support data flow local
retransmit or route to gateway
TGW support S2a (GTP/PMIP)
GGSN support WiFi access
PCRF support traffic offload policy
BSC/RNC support WiFi hotspot discovery and
traffic offload controll
 UE
APP software and EAP-SIM/AKA authentication
TGW
UE

153
Thank you!

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