Management of occupational safety and health in construction industry. Module consists of related rules and regulations, OSHMS and HIRARC in work place. Discuss on OSHA 1994 and FMA 1967.
Occupational Safety and Health Management in Construction Industry
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
OSH514OSH514OSH514OSH514 ::::
SAFETY MANAGAMENT INSAFETY MANAGAMENT INSAFETY MANAGAMENT INSAFETY MANAGAMENT IN
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYCONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYCONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYCONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
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Lesson Plan
Introduction
Module 1: Occ. Safety and Health management and the law
Module 2: Preparing for work
Module 3: Setting up the site
Module 4: Construction-phase safety and health
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INTRODUCTION
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Management of OSH at site
Overview of OSH Management System
MS 1722
Policy
Organizing
Planning and Implementation
Evaluation
Action for improvement
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OSH MS
Make compulsory as stated in Section 15, general
duties of employers to ensure so far as is
practicable the plant and system of works are
maintain safely and without risks to the employees,
other people (not its immediate workers) &
surrounding.
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OSH MS 1722:2011
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OSH MS 1722: Policy
The policy should be:-
a) specific to the organisation and appropriate to its size
and the nature of its activities;
b) concise, clearly written, dated and made effective by
the signature or endorsement of the employer or the
most senior accountable person in the organisation;
c) communicated and readily accessible to all persons
at their workplace;
d) reviewed for continuing suitability; and
e) employee participation
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OSH MS 1722: Policy
Should have the following key principles:-
a) protecting the safety and health of all members of the
organisation and others who may be affected by the work
carried out;
b) preventing work-related fatalities, disabilities, injuries, ill health,
diseases, property and environmental damage and near
misses;
c) complying with relevant OSH national laws and regulations,
and other requirements to which the organisation subscribes;
d) ensuring that employees and their representatives are
consulted and encouraged to participate actively in all elements
of the OSHMS; and
e) continually improving the performance of the OSHMS.
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OSH MS1722: Organising
In organising stages:-
• Assign responsibility, accountability and
authority;
• Ensure competence, training and
awareness are fulfilled;
• Establish OSHMS documentation
• Proper communication to the stakeholder
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OSH MS1722: Planning & Implementation
In these stages:
• Initial review to know the gap
• Set the OSH objectives
• Include OSH element in procurement &
contracting
• Do the HIRARC
• Emergency prevention, preparedness
and response
• Management of change
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OSH MS1722: Evaluation
The company should evaluate the
implementation OSH thru;
• Performance monitoring and measurement
• Incident investigation
• Audit
• Management review
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OSH MS1722: Action for Improvement
Once evaluated and required improvement;
• Recommend and perform preventive and
corrective actions
• Findings shall be addressed
• Continual improvement
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HIRARC
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Contents
Objectives
Accidents
Basic of accident prevention method
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Objectives
At the end, participants would know:
Terminologies related to hazards, risks and accidents.
Exposure to accidents and its causes and consequences
happens in construction site, and
Understood and be able to elaborate the basic method of
accidents prevention
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Definition of Hazard, Risk and
Danger
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Defined as source or condition which has
potential to cause injury and/or ill health to
humans, damage to property or damage to
workplace or environment or combination of any
of the above.
Hazard may cause harm if not in control
(uncontrolled hazards)
Note: Source OHSAS 18000 & MS1722:2003
Hazard
Hazard source
Attack of the tiger
– hazard due to potential
impact may cause harms
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Tripping
Fallen from height
Example of Hazard
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Definition of OHSAS 18002 – Combination of
likelihood or probability AND consequences/
effect for a particular hazard to happen.
Definition of MS1722 – A combination of the
likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or
exposure with specified period or in specified
circumstances and the severity of injury or damage
to the health of people, property, environment or any
combination of these caused by the event or
exposure.
Risks
High risk
Low risk
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Definition of OHSAS 18002 – Combination of
likelihood or probability AND consequences/
effect for a particular hazard to happen.
Definition of MS1722 – A combination of the
likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or
exposure with specified period or in specified
circumstances and the severity of injury or damage
to the health of people, property, environment or any
combination of these caused by the event or
exposure.
Risks
High risk
Low risk
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Scope of work Hazard Risk
Grinding Eyes hit by flying
debris
Eye injury or blind
Welding Radiation from
the welding arc
Eye inflammation/
kataraks/blind
Working at height Fall from height Injury/Death
Example of Risks
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Danger explains relative exposure to the hazard. It shows the tendency of a
hazard hit / struck an employee in a risky situation.
Examples:
Employees who regularly handle chemicals will be more vulnerable to
the dangers of the chemicals than other employees who rarely do.
More concentrated sulfuric acid is more dangerous than the sulfuric acid
was diluted, so the risk is higher for workers handling the concentrated
acid compared to workers who handle dilute acids.
Danger
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DANGER
HIGH RISK SITUATION
Sumber: Panduan ISO/IEC 51:1990 (E)
WARNING
MEDIUM RISK SITUATION
CAUTION
LOW RISK SITUATION
Do you know?
SIGNAGE MEANING THAT -
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What is ACCIDENT?
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Events or conditions that are not planned or expected
Unfortunate Events as a result of negligence or ignorance
Events occurring unintentional
Events that occur due to reasons unknown
An accident is an unexpected sequence of events and unplanned
occurs through a logical sequence and by a combination of several
historical reasons cause harm either an injury or illness to people,
damage to property or the environment, accidents, near misses,
loss, or a combination of the above effects
Definition of accident
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HUMAN
MACHINERY/
EQUIPMENT
METHOD/
PROCEDURE
MATERIALS
MEDIA
Source of accident
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Injuries
Disability
Loss (monetary)
Reputation
Disablement
Death
Damage
Phobia/Fear
Effect of accident
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Direct
(magnitud 1)
Indirect
(magnitud 8-36)
Medical
Loss of income
Damage of property
Supervisory time
Affect the performance
Reputation
New workers
Video
Cost of accident
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Safety issues
Falls
Mobile plant
Falling materials and collapses
Electrical accident
Trips
Health issues
Asbestos
Manual handling
Noise and vibration
Chemical
Most frequent cases
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Year
No of reported
accidents
No of workplace
accident
No of accident
to/fro workplace
No of death
accident
2001 84,333 67,163 17,170 958
2002 81,810 63,423 18,387 858
2003 73,858 56,249 17,609 822
2004 69,132 50,803 18,329 846
2005 61,182 43,885 17,297 773
2006 58,321 40,617 17,704 733
2007 56,339 38,657 17,682 755
2008 54,133 35,092 19,041 981
2009 55,186 34,376 20,810 663
2010 57,656 34,911 22,745 409
Source: PERKESO & JKKP (as cited by Sayani Saidon in her research on HSE in JBPM)
Statistic
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Graph: No of accident vs Years
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
No of reported accidents No of workplace accident No of accident to/fro workplace No of death accident 31
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Safety and health at work is the responsibility of every employer and
employee.
Cooperation between employers and employees is very important to
avoid any incident that threatens the safety and health at work
This image cannot currently be displayed.
What is your roles?
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Fundamental of Accident
Prevention
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Accidents Prevention Method
Method
C = H = Hazard identification
A = Analyse the risks
T = Take action
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CAMKAN HAZARD (HAZARD IDENTIFICATION)
Identify and record where each hazard or potential hazard exists arising from
any type of work
Include all types of hazards i.e. physical, biological, chemical, psychosocial
For example: -
Employees who work at height might slips and fall down.
Employees who install electrical wiring, when contact to exposed cable will get
electrocuted.
Hazard Identification
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Methods of identifying hazards
Observations & reference,
Documentation i.e. complaints, reports, proposals, records of accidents,
sick leave records, information from internet etc.
Systematic method i.e. HAZAN (Hazard Analysis)
Occupation health and safety audit
Hazard Identification
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ANALISA RISIKO (RISK ANALYSIS)
Simple analysis method - qualitative analysis involves a two-dimensional risk
matrix or 3-dimensional like JSA, HAZOP
Generic analysis method - based on the risk of others having the same system
Complex analysis method - for the quantitative analysis of complex systems
through certain method such as Principal Failure Analysis (Fault Tree Analysis)
Hybrid method - combining semi-quantitative as qualitative and quantitative
analysis Failure Mode & Impressions (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis)
Analyse the Risk
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TINDAKAN (ACTION)
Right action, practical and appropriate for controlling risks arising from
hazards
Involve risk control hierarchy that consists of 2 main options:
Eliminate the risk, or
Accept hazard but reduces the level of risk
Take action
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First control method
Control the source of the hazard by
ELIMINATION
- Remove the hazard from the workplace
- Do not perform unsafe act or dangerous practices
- Eliminate harmful equipment, processes, machinery,
equipment or hazardous materials
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Second control method
Control the source of the hazard by
SUBSTITUTION
- Substitute materials, equipment, machines with less
dangerous and safer items
- Do the same job with safer procedure/method
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Third control method
Hazard control by ISOLATION
- Hazard isolated, contained or kept away from workers
- Hazard kept away through engineering controls such
as the installation of a dividing wall, barrier or security
fence
- Lock off / interlocking system
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Fourth control method
Hazard control by ENGINEERING CONTROL
- Modification & Redesign
- The work, machinery or processes can be redesigned
to make them safer.
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Fourth control method
Hazard control by ENGINEERING CONTROL
- Automation
- Dangerous process can be automated or mechanized.
For example, computer-controlled robots can handle spot
welding operations in car assembly plants. Precautions
should be taken to protect workers from the hazards of
robotics.
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Fourth control method
Hazard control by ENGINEERING CONTROL
- Barriers
- Hazard can be blocked before it reaches workers.
For example, guard/barriers protect workers from contact
with moving parts.
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Fourth control method
Hazard control by ENGINEERING CONTROL
- Absorption
- Baffles can block or absorb noise.
Typically, the most effective baffles is the one that keep the
most distance between the hazard and human
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Fourth control method
Hazard control by ENGINEERING CONTROL
- Dilution
- Some hazards can be diluted or dissipated.
For example, the ventilation system can dilute the toxic gas
before it reaches the operator.
Add water
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Fifth control method
Hazard control by ADMINISTRATION CONTROL
- Signboard
- Signboard warning or prohibition of a hazard
- Signboard rules or safe work
- OSH promotion
- OSH promotion by conducting awareness programs
such as OSH, OSH day celebrations, etc.
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Fifth control method
Hazard control by ADMINISTRATION CONTROL
- Safe work procedures
- Employees are required to use safe work procedures when
executing the works.
- Employers are expected to ensure that employees comply
with safe work procedures. Safe work procedures should be
periodically reviewed and constantly updated.
- Supervision and training
- Initial training on safe work procedures and refresher
training should be provided. Appropriate regulation to help
workers identify hazards and assess the possible procedures.
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Fifth control method
Hazard control by ADMINISTRATION CONTROL
Job rotations and other procedures can reduce the time workers are exposed
to hazards. For example, employees working in a given period is limited to work
involving ergonomic problems to prevent cumulative trauma injuries. Noise
process can be scheduled when no one is at work.
Housekeeping program and hygiene (cleanliness) in the workplace, repairs
and maintenance
Housekeeping at work including cleaning, waste disposal and clean-up after the
completion of a job. spill.
Hygiene practices can reduce the risk of toxic substances absorbed by workers
or taken home to their families. Street clothing should be stored in separate
lockers to avoid being contaminated by work clothing.
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Last control method
PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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Job Safety Analysis
- Systematically proactive measures to prevent
accidents by identify hazards for each step / activity
assignments
- Use principles SREDIM (select, record, examine,
Develop, install & maintain)
- A basis for the formulation of safety policy, safe
systems of work or safe work procedures that can be
used in the field of training (ie courses or OJT)
- Important factors to consider when forming JSA is
- Accident frequency and severity level
- New or rarely performed work.
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Job Safety Analysis
Select the workprocess
Break into small significant
activities
Observe and analyze in detail
potential hazard in each activities
Develop control measures as per
hierarchy
Establish safe systems of work and
safe working instruction
Review the continually
Normally, 10 steps is okay
Hazard category
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Job Safety Analysis
AKTIVITI HAZARD KAWALAN
1. Periksa suis lampu dalam
keadaan OFF
1.1 kejutan elektrik 1.1.1 Matikan suis utama DB dan guna pen ujian untuk
memastikan bekalan benar-benar putus
2. Tanggalkan bulb dengan
menekan sedikit bulb lampu
kedalam soketnya
2.1 kejutan elektrik
2.2 bulb meletup
2.3.kaca tajam
2.1.1 Pastikan suis dimatikan
2.2.1 Pakai cermin mata keselamatan
2.3.1 Pakai saring tangan keselamatan
3 Tukar bulb lampu baru 3.1 kejutan elektrik
3.2 bulb meletup
3.3.kaca tajam
3.1.1 Pastikan susi dimatikan
3.2.1 Pakai cermin mata keselamatan
3.3.1 Pakai sarung tangan keselamatan
4. Nyalakan lampu (ON suis) 4.1 kejutan elektrik
4.2 bulb meletup
4.1.1 Pastikan suis ditebatkan dengan sempurna
4.2.1 Pakai cermin mata keselamatan
5. Discaj bulb lampu rosak ke
dalam bekas khas
5.1 bulb meletup
5.2.kaca tajam
5.1.1 Pastikan bulb dibuang kedalam bekas khas yang tak
mudah koyak dan di”seal”
5.1.1. Pakai cermin mata keselamatan
5.2.1 Pakai sarung tangan keselamatan
TUGASAN: Menukar bulb lampu incandescent (mentol) jenis pin
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MODULE 1
Laws & regulations
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Contents
Legislative requirement
OSHA
FMA
UBBL
CIDB
Others
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FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT &
REGULATIONS
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FMA 1967
Provision for control of OSH and welfare related issues in
the factory but focus on workers
Registration and inspection of machinery and all related
equipment. Covering most premises which operations
involving engineering and machinery operations EXCEPT:
Storing locomotives / vehicles where only cleaning activities,
cleaning and repairs.
Areas where only five or fewer employees whose work does not
involve the use of machinery 57
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FMA 1967
Generally, the act:
Contains 11 regulations on OSH & 4 supported regulations
(administration, penalty & certification)
Registration of competent personnel,
Provision of maintenance and inspection & T&C of machinery and
installation
Endorsement for hazardous machinery
Certification for machinery installation
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FMA 1967
Regulations relating to construction:
Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction Safety
(BOWECS) 1986
Safety, Health and Welfare Regulations 1970
Notification, Certificate Of Fitness & Inspection Regulations 1970
Fencing Of Machinery And Safety Regulations 1970
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FMA 1967
Others are:
Steam Boiler And Unfired Pressure Vessel Regulations 1970
Electric Passenger And Goods Lift Regulations 1970
Persons-In-Charge Regulations 1970
Administration Regulations 1970
Certificates Of Competency – Examinations Regulations 1970
Compoundable Offences Regulations 1978
Lead Regulations 1984
Asbestos Process Regulations 1986 60
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Notification, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection 1970
Provision for
Pursuant to Section 35 (1) required registration of BOWEC within seven
days from date of commencement, the regulation specify the forms that
must be used to notify the DOSH officer of a new occupancy of a
factory, the start of building work, the installation of certain machinery
and the notification of accidents and diseases
Describes the certificate of fitness that must be held for steam boilers,
unfired pressure vessel and hoisting machines
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BOWECS 1986
Provision for
Safety of the construction which explains on the hazard and risk
emerge from construction and control measures
Detailing on concrete and structural work
Provision for construction’s structures likes catch platform, chutes,
safety belts, ladders and scaffolds
Safety in construction’s works likes demolition, excavation, manual
handling, piling, blasting and explosion
Safety of hand and power tools
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Safety, Health and Welfare Regulations 1970
Provision for
Safe means of access and safe place of employment, provision of edge
protection on floor openings and stairs (Regulation 7, 8)
All stairways and floors must be of good construction and properly
maintained; ladders must be of adequate construction and maintained
in a sound condition (Regulations 9 to 11)
Persons must be protected from falls of more than 10 feet by the use of
safety belts or ropes (Regulation 12)
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Safety, Health and Welfare Regulations 1970
Provision for
Adequate protection are necessary before working inside a confined space
(Regulation 13)
Flammable and dangerous liquids must be securely stored and precautions
taken against fire and explosion (Regulations 14 to 17, 21, 22)
Materials and finished goods must be securely stacked and stored
(Regulations 19, 20)
Specifications are laid down for cleaning of surfaces inside factory
(Regulation 23)
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Safety, Health and Welfare Regulations 1970
Provision for
Lighting, ventilation and climate requirements are all detailed (Regulations
24-29)
Working clothes and protective equipment (Regulation 32)
Welfare facilities such as toilets, drinking water, washing facilities and first
aid (Regulation 33 to 38)
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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH ACT 1994 & REGULATIONS
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
INTRODUCTION
FMA 1967 is too prescriptive which overtime become
irrelevant and just covering mostly on workers involving
in manufacturing, mining & construction
OSHA 1994 more holistic with systematic and simpler
method to control the hazard and risk
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
OSHA 1994
Contains 67 section, 7 regulations & 2 orders
One stop center – main act for OSH related issues
Duty of Care
So far as is practicable
Self-regulation
Welfare of the workers
Participation of all level
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The purpose of the Act:
• To ensure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work
against safety risks arising from work activities
• Protecting other people and surrounding against health and safety
risks arising from the activities of persons at work.
• Promote a safe work environment for people at work that are
tailored to their physiological and psychological needs.
OSHA 1994
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Main provision:-
Section 15 – Responsibility of employer
Ensure the safety and health of the workers are maintained
Ensure the working environment free from hazard or risk
Section 16 – OSH polisy
Prepared, communicate and maintain the OSH policy according to act
Section 17 – Responsibility of employers to the public or people other than
his employee
OSHA 1994
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Main provision:-
Section 24 - Responsibility of Employee
To ensure the safety and health of yourself and others
Cooperation with employers for compliance with the Act
Section 29 - Appointment of OSH Officer
OSH officer appointed by resolution of OSH regulations
Section 30 - Establishment of Safety Committee
Establish and permit the Safety Committee to perform their roles effectively
Section 32 - NADOOPOD
A report on the accident and dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning / disease
to the authorities
OSHA 1994
71
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OTHER RELATED ACTS
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FIRE SERVICES ACT 1988
The provisions necessary for the Fire and Rescue Department
to function effectively and efficiently, to protect people and
property from the risk of fire and for purposes connected
therewith.
Contains 63 sections and 4 rules
Key provisions: -
Elimination of fire hazard
Requirements of fire fighting equipment
Certificate Requirements (Fire Certificate) - needs to CFO
73
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
UBBL 1984
Enforced by local government for each state
Details specifications for premises such as lighting, ventilation,
fire protection systems etc.
Issuance of certificate of fitness for occupation (CFO) when
provisioning requirements are met
74
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ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974
The provisions necessary to prevent, eliminate, control hazards
and risks that threaten the quality of the environment.
Intended to advise the Director-General to carry out his duties
with respect to the environment.
Contains 51 provisions and regulations 30 which includes
pollution, waste management, emissions banned substances etc.
75
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT 1990
Provisions for the electrical installations and electrical equipment to
ensure the safety of the installation / equipment and also the people
involved.
Details for safety factors involving electrical works, and also
competent person who is authorized to perform electrical engineering
work
Electricity Regulations 1994 require the installation must be tested
and approved before use and should be maintained by a competent
person 76
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CIDB 1994
Promotions and boost quality in the construction industry
Promote the use of standards and the development of
construction techniques and building materials
Accreditation of skilled workforce and site supervisor
Accredit and register the construction contractors as well as
suspend, terminate and re-registration the blacklisted company
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MODULE 2
Preparing for Works
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Contents
Introduction
Planning the work
Organizing the work
Notifying the site to HSE
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Objective
To expose to the participant on the
preparation required before stating the
construction works
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To ensure that health and safety issues are planned, organized,
controlled, monitored and reviewed.
Everyone controlling site work has health and safety
responsibilities.
Ensuring that the proposed work is not going to put others at risk
requires planning and organization.
Planning for the entire duration of the project
Introduction
81
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Gathering as much health and safety information about the
project and the proposed site before work begins is important.
Sources of information include:
the client, the design team & contract documents;
contractors and consultants;
equipment and material suppliers; and
HSE guidance and standards.
Planning the work
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Investigate the history of the site and its surroundings.
Inspect the site for any unusual features which might affect the work, or
how the work will affect others. Pay particular attention to:
asbestos or other contaminants;
overhead power lines and underground services;
unusual ground conditions;
public rights of way across the site;
nearby schools, footpaths, roads or railways; and
other activities going on at the site.
Pre-inspection
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When estimating costs and preparing the programme, consider any
particular health and safety hazards associated with the work.
Make sure suitable allowances have been made in the price.
The job will run more smoothly, efficiently and profitably if hazards
have been predicted, planned for and controlled from the outset.
Having to stop or reschedule work to deal with emergencies wastes
time and money.
Work programme
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Inspect the machinery, plants, equipment to ensure suitability
Plan for the delivery of material, plant, equipment etc. and its storage area
Obtain health and safety information (MSDS, CSDS or manual). It may be
necessary to:
Get a specialist who is familiar with the necessary precautions;
Carry out an assessment of the health risks arising from substances
or equipment; and
act on your findings, e.g. by eliminating harmful substances where possible,
or by using a less hazardous method of work or providing training on the safe
use of the material or equipment.
Material/machinery safety
85
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Discuss and ask the contractor on safe working practice
Identify potential hazards and risks that may arise from their works
Assess the exposure of hazard to others (public and other
contractors)
Establish safety measures
Emergency and rescue procedures
Training need analysis
PPE requirements
Safe working methods
86
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Manpower requirement
Experienced, background & trained worker
Subcontractor management
Monitoring and supervision
Safe working instruction – to be communicated and understood
Coordination among the contractors
Work programme – scheduling and organizing the jobs and
resources
Organising the work
87
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Subjected to Section 35 under Factories And Machinery Act
1967, every person who undertakes any building operations or
works of engineering construction shall notify to Department of
Occupational Safety and Health not later than seven days from
the commencement of construction activities.
The notification is exempted to the construction activities that
can be completed in a period less than six (6) weeks and does
not involve the use of machinery.
Notify the authority
88
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Construction Industry Development Board
Contractor registration
Worker’s Safety Induction Course – green card
Site registration and levy for contract sum above RM 0.5 M
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
Certificate of Fitness for machinery
Registration of on site batching plant
Appointment or termination of Safety Officer
Authority concerned
89
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Department of Environment
Effluent discharge
Disturbance to nature
Local authorities - UBBL
Others – BOMBA, Police or Health
Authority concerned
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MODULE 3
Setting up the Site
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Contents
Site requirement
Facilities
Safety Plan
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Objectives
At the end, participants would know:
Fundamental health and safety issues that required to be
addressed when setting up the site
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Site Requirement
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Site access
Activities in and out of the site must go through a
designated gateway.
Must be no barriers and is suitable for vehicles
and equipment in and out. Foreign routes for
pedestrians.
Safe access onto and around the site for people and vehicles.
Ensure vehicles can be kept clear of pedestrians at vehicle loading/unloading areas,
parking and maneuvering places and areas where drivers’ vision may be obstructed.
95
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Worker’s safe passage
Worker walkway must be free from obstructions, have adequate light (50 lux) and signboards
Employees are not allowed to use the shortcut that expose them to danger.
* Rule 10 BOWEC - Access to Workplace
* Rule 20 BOWEC - Illumination of Passageways etc. 96
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Site boundaries
Preventing unauthorized access / trespassers
Protecting the public from hazard from the site
Minimum height of 2 meters and not have any gaps or holes.
HOARDING
97
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Facilities
98
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Welfare facilities
The construction industry involves a lot of manual work and physical.
Welfare facilities should be provided so that the workers can reduce fatigue and
improve health in turn stimulate the job. Welfare facilities should be available are:
Clean water to drink
Preparation of food / dining
Place locker / break room
Sanitary / clean room
99
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Waste area
Proper waste management at site
Designated area for temporary waste collection before shipping
out from the construction site
100
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Storage
Tidy, floor clean and dry, free of tripping hazard or slippery condition.
When storing materials, ensure a safe load for the floor or racks
Maintain the work passage or emergency routes are not blocked
Ensure that building materials are not stored within 2 m of open space during
construction
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Hazardous material’s storage
The storage area of flammable materials must have adequate warning signs and no
smoking in the vicinity of 6 meters from it.
Flammable waste materials must be stored in special storage before being taken
out for disposal.
Hazardous materials i.e. flammable liquid
should be stored separately from other
non-combustible materials and the storage
required special design.
Should have good air circulation.
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Illumination
Installation of emergency lights for emergency purposes
Avoid working in dark place or insufficient brightness
Natural light is available for
people to see to do their work
and move about the site safely.
Provide sufficient illumination to
prevent accident
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Safety Planning
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Safety Planning
Emergency procedures
Planning for an emergency
Fire safety
First aid
NADOOPOD
On site regulations
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Emergency procedures
Emergency response plan should be established and maintained.
Be able to identify the potential for accidents and emergency
situations
Address the prevention of occupational safety and health risk
associated with them.
The plan should be made according to the size and nature of activity
based on relevant international standard.
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Emergency procedures
The emergency procedures should:
(a) ensure that the necessary information, internal communication and
coordination are provided to protect all people in the event of an emergency at
the worksite;
(b) provide information and communication with the relevant authorities and the
neighbourhood and the emergency response services;
(c) address first aid, fire fighting and evacuation at construction sites; and
(d) provide relevant information and training to all members of the
organization, at all levels, including regular exercise in emergency response.
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Planning for an emergency
1. Perform HIRARC to identify immediate
dangers
3. Objective/scope of the plan
5. Delegate roles and
responsibility
2. Review existing emergency plan
4. The best plan that suit
the current work
6. Make the plan works
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Fire safety
Flammable gases, liquids, solids
Source of ignition:
- Static electricity
- Smoking
materials
- Naked flame
- Electrical
equipment
- Hot surface
From the air or
oxidizing
substances
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Fire safety
Classification of fires as per MS 1182:1990
Class D: Fires involving metals.
Class C: Fires involving gases
Class A: Fires involving solid materials, usually of an organic nature, in which
combustion normally takes place with the formation of glowing embers.
Class B: Fires involving liquids or liquefiable solids.
Class E: Fires involving electrical.
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Fire safety: means of giving warning
Set up an alert system
Periodically test the system to familiarize
Improvement to ensure the alert system is audible
and recognizable by the workers
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Fire safety: means of escape
Is a structural means whereby a safe route(s) is provided for
persons to travel from any point in a building to a place of safety.
Escape route should not be obstructed , safest way to safer place,
and communicated to workers
In planning means of escape, three major elements to consider:
travel distances (or, alternatively, direct distances);
escape route and exit capacities;
the number of occupants for whom means of escape must be provided
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Fire safety: means of fighting fire
Type of Fire Extinguishers
• 4 main fire extinguishers:
• Water – Class A
• Foam – Class A and B
• Carbon dioxide – Class B and E
• Dry Chemical Powder – Class A, B, C and E
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Fire safety: means of fighting fire
How to Use the Fire Extinguishers
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Fire safety
IN THE EVENT OF FIRE
• Activate the emergency bell
• Evacuate the area and foes to safer place
• Call the fire brigade
• Inform the person in charge (BOMBA) whoever trap in
the building
If emergency siren activated, RESPONSE IMMEDIATELY
even though it is a drill
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First aid
• Provide adequate and appropriate equipment, facilities and
personnel to enable first aid to be given to workers when needed.
• Provision for first aid
– First aid box should be located at potential hazardous place
– First aid box equipped with enough equipment to cope with numbers of
workers
– An appointed person for first aid for every 50 workers
– Information communicated to workers on details of appointed person or first
and where to find them and easily recognizable.
• Workplace more than 200 workers should provide properly
equipped first aid or treatment room. 116
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First aid
• In the event of accident at work place:
– Alert the qualified first aider/doctor/ambulance
– Pay attention to the surrounding and ensure the area is
safe
– Isolate the source of accident and evaluate the situation
or condition of the victim. If possible, do not attempt to
move the victim
– Check the breathing and heart beat. If bleeding, make
effort to stop the bleeding by pressing the injured area.
– Ensure victim not shivering and motivate the victim.
– Do not remove any evidence.
117
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Reporting the accidents
• Under the OSHA 1994 and NADOOPOD 2004
regulations
• Whoever in control at site has obligation to
report any incidents or accidents based on
details as prescribed in regulations
• Generally, immediately report on accidents,
dangerous occurrences, occupational
poisoning & occupational diseases to
authorities.
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On site regulations
• Every workplace has specific regulations for safe work.
• In form of written - includes all operations especially those involve in high
risks as working at heights, excavation, confine space and so on.
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Signage
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Signage
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Signage
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Signage
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MODULE 4
Construction Phase
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CONTENTS
Overview of Construction Safety
Stage 1: Infrastructure Work
Stage 2: Substructure
Stage 3: Super structure
Stage 4: Finishing works
General requirements
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Overview of Construction Safety
Stage 1: Infrastructure Work
Stage 2: Substructure
Stage 3: Super structure
Stage 4: Finishing works
General requirements
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10 common accidents
Physical Health
1. Falls incl. from height 1. Asbestos
2. Mobile plant 2. Manual handling
3. Falling objects & collapse 3. Noise &vibration
4. Electrical accidents 4. Chemicals
5. Trips
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Stage 1: Infrastructure Work
Survey work
Site clearing
Logistic – mobilisation of materials, machine, man etc.
Earthwork
Service relocation work
Confined space
Demolition
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Stage 1: Survey work
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Stage 1: Survey work
JOB SCOPE: SURVEY WORK
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. BITTEN/STUNG 1. SWOLLEN
2. REPITITIVE MOVEMENT 2. BACK PAIN
3. FALLS 3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. WILD ANIMAL OR INSECTS 1. INSECT REPELENT CREAM
2. LIFTING HEAVY EQUIPMENTS 2.PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING ETC
4. SUN RADIANCE
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Stage 1: Site clearing
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Stage 1: Site clearing
JOB SCOPE: SITE CLEARING
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. PHYSICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. BITTEN/STUNG 1. SWOLLEN
2. MACHINERY OVERTURN 2. INJURY
3. FALLS 3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. WILD ANIMAL OR INSECTS 1. INSECT REPELENT CREAM
2. UNEVEN @ UNSTABLE GROUND 2. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. JOB ROTATION ETC
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Stage 1: Earth work
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Stage 1: Earth work
JOB SCOPE: EARTH WORK
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. PHYSICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. EXTREME WEATHER 1. ILL HEALTH
2. MACHINERY OVERTURN 2. INJURY
3. SLIP, TRIP OR FALLS 3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. WILD ANIMAL OR INSECTS 1. INSECT REPELENT CREAM
2. UNEVEN/UNSTABLE/SOFT GROUND 2. STABILISED THE GROUND, LEVELING
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT ETC
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Stage 1: Service relocation work
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Stage 1: Service relocation work
JOB SCOPE: SERVICE RELOCATION WORK
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. MACHINERY OVERTURN 1. INJURY
2. ENBANKMENT COLLAPSE 2. INJURY, DEATH
3. SLIP, TRIP & FALLS 3. INJURY
4. UTILITIES DAMAGE 4. UTILITIES BREAKDOWN
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. UNEVEN GROUND 1. STABILSED THE GROUND
2. SOFT/UNSTABLE SOIL 2. STABILISED SOIL, SUPERVISION
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING, COMPETENCY
4. EXCAVATION 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT ETC
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 1: Confined space
• OKSIGEN > 23% (oxygen richness) cause flammable
materials or liquids easily caught fire
• When Oxygen < 19.5% oxygen deficiency causing
dizziness and faint/unconcoius
137
138. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Why confined space is dangerous place
Closed manhole/sewage tunnel for a long period accumulate
toxic gaseous or flammable gaseous likes hydrogen sulfide,
ammonia, methane or else.
H2S
CH4
Sometimes, toxic
materials/substances/
wastes were illegally
dump into the sewage
lines or manholes.
Also contaminated
due to leaks of
tanks or pipelines
containing toxic
materials which
seep through the
sol to the sewage
lines or manhole.
138
139. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 1: Confined space
Prior to confined space works, obtain permit from relevant
authorities and ensure the site has been inspected by
competent person and approved to enter.
139
140. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 1: Confined space
JOB SCOPE: CONFINED SPACE
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
4. ERGONOMICS
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. SUFFOCATION 1. FAINT/DEATH
2. ELECTROCUTION 2. INJURY, DEATH
3. SLIP, TRIP, FALLS 3. INJURY
4. INHALATION OF TOXIC GASEOUS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS/DEATH
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. RESPIRATORY FAILURE 1. ADEQUATE VENTILATION, GAS DETECTOR
2. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION/CABLE 2. CABLE DETECTION, PTW APPROVAL
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
4. TOXIC GASOUES 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT, SCBA
140
141. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
PPE confined space
If the concentration still hazardous, the workers shall wear proper
PPE likes respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
??
??
??
Fresh air
O2
O2
O2
O2
141
142. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Equipment used for confined space entry
142
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 1: Demolition
• Done by competence person or company registered with
authorities
• Method of demolition is depending on design and construction
of the building
• Prior to work, approval from relevant authorities 143
144. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 1: Demolition
JOB SCOPE: DEMOLITION
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. BIOLOGICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. HIT BY FLYING OBJECT 1. INJURY
2. ERGONOMICS 2. BACK PAIN
3. SLIP, TRIP, FALLS 3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
5. FALL FROM HEIGHT 5. INJURY DEATH
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. FLYING OBJECT/DEBRIS 1. ISOLATION, NETTING
2. REPITITIVE MOVEMENT 2. JOB ROTATION, PROPER EQUIPMENT
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT ETC
144
145. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
• Remove fragile object such as glasses and
disconnect gas pipelines, electricity, water
• Sufficient warning sign and ensure proper
communication to stakeholder especially public
• Get consent from relevant authorities
• Thorough inspection of the structures of the building
to be demolished.
• Supervised and monitor by competent person during
the works
• Where practicable, works only on approved platform
design for the work
• Obey safe procedure working at height
145
146. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 2: Substructure
Foundation works
Piling work safety
Concreting work safety
Welding and cutting work safety
146
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 2: Piling work
147
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 2: Piling work
JOB SCOPE: PILING WORK
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. NOISE AND VIBRATION 1. HEARING PROBLEM, DEAFNESS
2. GROUND FAILURE 2. INJURY, DEATH
3. FALLS 3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. NOISE 1. ISOLATION
2. SOFT GROUND, UNSTABLE 2. SOP, SUPERVISION
3. OPENING, EXCAVATION 3. SIGNAGE, PTW,
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT ETC
148
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 2: Concreting work
149
150. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 2: Concreting work
JOB SCOPE: CONCRETING WORK
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
3. PSYCOSOCIAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. FALLING FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY, DEATH
2. REPITITIVE MOVEMENT 2. BACK PAIN
3. SLIP, TRIP, FALLS 3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. UNSAFE ACT, NEGLIGENT 1. SIGNAGE, RAILINGS, NETTING
2. LIFTING HEAVY EQUIPMENTS 2. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. HOUSEKEEPING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT ETC
150
151. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 2: Welding and cutting
Gas cutting and welding
Oxy-acetylene
Electrical arc welding
151
152. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 2: Welding and cutting
JOB SCOPE: WELDING AND CUTTING
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. BIOLOGICAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. FALLING OBJECT 1. INJURY
2. SMOKE, HARMFUL GASEOUS 2. RESPIRATORY PROBLEM
3. FIRE & EXPLOSION 3. INJURY , DEATH
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. NEGLIGENT 1. HOUSEKEEPING, TOE BOARD
2. TOXIC GASOUES OF WELDING 2. VENTILATION, RESPIRATOR
3. WELDING EQUIPMENT 3. SOP, SUPERVISION
4. SUN RADIANCE
4. PPE – WELDER MASK, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
ETC 152
153. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 2: Welding and cutting
• Ensure work place well ventilated
• Ensure work place or surrounding free from flammable or
combustible materials
• If arc welding, emergency cut off located at reachable distance
• All the equipment are inspected and free from defect.
• Stand by extinguishment equipment in case of fire
153
154. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 2: Welding and cutting
• Gas cylinder stored upright and in special secured cage with
good ventilation
• Keep distance gas cylinder storage from occupied place and
flammable materials
• Isolate and label empty cylinder
• Do not store cylinder in confined space or under ground store
or enclosed place. 154
155. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Super structure
Scaffolds
Temporary structure
Chutes
Catch platform
Ladder safety
Lifting Operations
Passenger Hoist
Lifting crane
155
156. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Scaffolding
Sebuah platfom sementara yang tinggi bagi
membantu melaksanakan sesuatu kerja
156
157. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Scaffolding
157
158. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Scaffolding safety
• The scaffolding should be designed, erected, modified, maintained
and dismantled by ONLY competent and skilled worker which
supervised by competent personnel.
• Mandatory requirement to inspect and approve the scaffolding once in
a week or after bad weather (rains, heavy storm etc) and such
inspection should be recorded.
• Safety of scaffold depending on:
– Erection comply with manufacturer’s OEM, specification, code of
practice and done by skilled and competence workers
– The in and out pathway is safe 158
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Scaffolding tag
159
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Scaffolding safety
• Static scaffold should not be more than 15 m & mobile not
more than 9.6 m or 12 m if secured to fixed structure.
• Minimum size for wheel of mobile scaffold is 5 inches and
properly secured on level ground and locked before
working.
• Do not move/push the mobile while people or materials still
on top
• Mechanically push or pull the scaffold is not recommended 160
161. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Scaffolding safety
• No gap more than 1” between platform.
• Platform more than 2 meter should install guard rail high about 1
meter from platform and toe board min 6 inches high.
• Calculation and endorsement for scaffold more than 40 m high for
tubular and 15 m for other types
• Structure strengthening required for loading bay or storage bay
and safely blockaded with guard rail and toe board 161
162. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Scaffolds & Formwork
JOB SCOPE: SCAFFOLDS AND FORMWORK
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMICS
3. BIOLOGICAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. FALLING OBJECT 1. INJURY
2. ELECTROCUTION 2. INJURY DEATH
3. COLLAPSE 3. INJURY , DEATH
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. NEGLIGENT 1. HOUSEKEEPING, TOE BOARD
2. ELECTRICAL 2. EARTHING, CHECK THE POWERED EQPT ETC
3. UNSTABLE STRUCTURE 3. SOP, COMPETENCY, INSPECTION
4. SUN RADIANCE
4. PPE – WELDER MASK, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
ETC 162
163. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Fall prevention method
Personal Fall
Arrest System
(PFAS)
Guardrails Safety netting
163
164. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Fall prevention method
164
165. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Temporary structure
Use of approved chute
for waste removal for
height more than 6 m
Barricade, isolate or
fence off the collection
area
165
166. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Temporary structure
Construction waste that falls can be arrested by the use of catch
platforms.
Catch platforms should be cleaned daily to avoid the overloading
which will cause it to collapse.
CATCH PLATFORM
166
167. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Ladder safety
Straight ladder or access ladder – for accessing to
and from a space or place
Step ladder – for performance of work
167
168. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Ladder safety
• Set the ladder on a flat and firm
ground
• Do not work on the stairs in front
of a closed door
• Tie the ladder at the top and
bottom in the absence of helper
• Stairs must have a height of 1m
above the landing (roof & height)
• Use the principle of 1:4
168
169. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Ladder safety
JOB SCOPE: LADDER SAFETY
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. FALL FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY
2. REPITITIVE MOVEMENT 2. BODY PAIN
3. FALLING OBJECT 3. INJURY
4. AWKWARD POSTURE 4. BODY PAIN
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. UNSAFE ACT, NEGLIGENT 1. PROPER TRAINING, LADDER INSPECTION
2. LIFTING HEAVY EQUIPMENTS 2. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
3. UNSAFE ACT 3. SUPERVISION, SAFE WORK PROCEDURE
4. AWKWARD POSTURE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT ETC
169
170. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Passenger Hoist
• Hoist must be installed or dismantled by trained and
competence person
• Only operate approved hoist
• The hoist should be operated by trained hoist operator
• Hoist must be equipped with 'fall arrester' and 'over-run', in
place of 2m high fence out and the safe working load as shown
in the hoist. 170
171. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Passenger Hoist
JOB SCOPE: PASSENGER HOIST
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. FALL FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY
2. PINCHED/STUCK IN BETWEEN 2. INJURY
3. FALLING OBJECT 3. INJURY
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. UNSAFE LIFTING DEVICES 1. CERTIFIED LIFTING DEVICES
2. NEGLIGENT 2. PROPER TRAINING, SOP
3. NEGLIGENT 3. SAFE WALKWAY, OVERHEAD PROTECTION
4. SIGNAGE
171
172. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 3: Lifting crane
• A crane is equipment that be able to lift up or down
or transfer loads using its long boom
• Type found at site:
– Crawler crane
– Mobile crane
– Tower crane 172
173. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Risks associated with crane
173
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Loads
• Load calculation basing on material’s delivery note
• Ensure calculation is right and should be done by competent
person
• Ensure the loading capacity within acceptable range of the
crane
• Load capacity depending on
• Ground condition & surface condition
• Wind direction
• Other loads
• Cable, sling and other lifting equipment
• Ensure the crane operator know:
• Load capacity
• Scope
• Lifting procedure 174
175. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Accident involving crane
IMBALANCE LOADS
175
177. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Finishing works
Roofing work
Insulation & cladding work
Electrical safety
Testing and Commissioning
177
178. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Roofing work
• Risk associated with working on the roof
– Falling from roof
– Falling when stepping onto rotten roof
– Fall from stair or scaffolding
– Lightning strike when bad weather
178
179. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Roofing work
179
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Roofing work
JOB SCOPE: ROOFING WORK
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. FALLING FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY, DEATH
2. FALLING OBJECT 2. INJURY, DEATH
3. STRIKE BY LIGTHNING 3. INJURY, DEATH
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. HUMAN/MECHANICAL ERROR 1. FALL PROTECTION, WARNING SIGN
2. INSECURED, HUMAN ERROR 2. TRAINING
3. LIGTHNING 3. SOP, SAFE WORKING INSTRUCTION
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT ETC
180
181. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Painting
181
182. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Painting
JOB SCOPE: PAINTING
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. ERGONOMICS
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. FALLING FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY
2. FALLING OBJECT 2. INJURY
3. AWKWARD POSTURE 3. BODY PAIN
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 1. FALL PROTECTION, SIGNAGE
2. UNSAFE ACT 2. TRAINING, SUPERVISON
3. REPEATITIVE MOVEMENT 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
182
183. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Plastering
183
184. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Plastering
JOB SCOPE: PLASTERING
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. ERGONOMICS
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. FALLING FROM HEIGHT 1. INJURY
2. FALLING OBJECT 2. INJURY
3. AWKWARD POSTURE 3. BODY PAIN
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR 1. FALL PROTECTION, SIGNAGE
2. UNSAFE ACT 2. TRAINING, SUPERVISON
3. REPEATITIVE MOVEMENT 3. PROPER MANUAL HANDLING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
184
185. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Electrical safety
• Object non conductive (insulation) – wood, plastic, glass,
rubber etc
• Electrical energy is hazard that is -
• Unseen
• No smell
• Quiet
• Electrical energy flow thru
conductor -
• Metal
• Water
• Human body
185
186. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Electrical safety
• Basic safety precaution in electrical is important when
performing electrical work. Hazard from electrical
• Electrocuted
• Fire
• Electric static
• Explosion
• Two main protection from electricity: -
• Protection from direct contact – insulation
• Protection from indirect contact – earthing
186
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Electrical safety
The degree of electrocution
depending on:
• Flow of current in body
• Amount of current enter the
body
• Period of exposure
187
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Electrical safety
AMOUNT OF
CURRENT
SEVERITY / CONSEQUENCES
< 1 mA NO HARM
1-8 mA SLIGHTLY SHOCK, BUT NOT SO HURT AND MIGHT TEMPORARY LOOSE MUSCLE
CONTROL
8-15 mA PANTFUL SHOCK EFFECT, HAZARD RELEASE BY ITSELF
15-20 mA PAINFUL SHOCK EFFECT, THE HAZARD CAN NOT BE RELEASED ON ITS OWN AND
LOSS OF MUSCLE CONTROL
20-50 mA PAINFUL; SEVERE CONTRACTION IN THE MUSCLES AND DIFFICULTY IN
BREATHING
100-200 mA VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION WHICH IS A HEART CONDITION THAT CAN RESULT
IN DEATH
> 200 mA SEVERE BURNS AND SEVERE CONTRACTION IN THE MUSCLES, CAUSING THE
MUSCLES IN THE CHEST COMPRESS THE HEART AND CAUSE CARDIAC ARREST
(DEATH)
188
189. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Electrical safety
JOB SCOPE: ELECTRICAL WORK
HAZARD
CATEGORY:
1. PHYSICAL
2. ERGONOMIC
WORKPLACE HAZARD RISKS
1. ELECTROCUTION 1. INJURY, DEATH
2. SHARP EDGE 2. BACK PAIN
3. TRIP, SLIP OR FALLS 3. INJURY
4. HEAT STRESS 4. FAINT/UNCONCIOUS
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR CONTROL MEASURE
1. ELECTRICITY 1. LOCKOUT TAG OUT PROCEDURE
2. LIFTING HEAVY EQUIPMENTS 2. PPE - COVERALL, SAFETY BOOT, HAT
3. TRIPPING & SLIPPING 3. GOOD MANUAL HANDLING & HOUSEKEEPING
4. SUN RADIANCE 4. SOP, TRAINING AND COMPETENCY ETC 189
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Stage 4: Electrical safety
MCB
MCCB
ELCB / RCCB
FUSE
HRC FUSE CUT OUT FUSE 190
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
Hand power tool safety
Road traffic management
Working over water
Permit to Work
191
192. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
Hand power tool safety
Section 147 – 153 BOWEC – Hand & Power Tools
192
193. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
Hand power tool safety
Well maintained
Right tools
Inspect before use
Follow instruction
Right PPE
193
194. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
Do not use defective
tools
Must have protection or
guarding
Hand power tool safety
194
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
Use according to the capacity
specified by the manufacturer
Wear appropriate PPE - gloves
and safety shoes
Store in a dry place
Precautious if working in a
humid place
Ensure sufficient light
Hand power tool safety
195
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OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
Use of modified tool – grinder
196
197. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
• Work system should be planned carefully so as not to
endanger road users and workers themselves.
• Accidents can happen to other users as a result of broken
machinery or vehicles site if negligent.
Traffic management
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198. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
• Traffic Signal Manual must be used to determine the needs
and size of the safety zone signal is necessary.
• Local authorities and the police
should be contacted to determine if
the right job path should be closed
and traffic control systems such as
temporary traffic lights and clear
signage should be used to control
the flow of traffic
Traffic management
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199. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
• Working over the water surface
exposes the workers to risk of
drowning or swept away when fall
into the water.
• Safety precautions must be observed
so that the employee is not dropped
or pushed into the water.
• Determine the employee can be
saved in the shortest period if they
fall into the water.
Working over water
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200. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
• Helmet and non slippery
safety boot shall be
wearing all time
• Workers shall wears
floatable safety jacket
Working over water
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201. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
• When working on swift currents, run the rope or net across the surface
of the water on the downstream side of all workplace locations and
equipped with floats or other tools that can help the employee to float
during emergency.
• The line must be tied to a solid structure at each end.
Working over water
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202. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
General requirements
• Rescue Line (grab lines) should be placed with
some distance (reachable distance) to the
structure or platform.
Working over water
• A platform must be
built properly and
equipped with retaining
bar and toe-board
around.
• Safety nets will catch
fallen worker which
then can be rescued by
boat.
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203. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
PTW system is a formal written system used to
regulate certain occupations that have been
identified to possess potential hazards and risks
and also one of the means of communication
between employers (who create jobs & Hazard)
and employees.
Based on the definition by the International
Association of Oil and Gas Association (OGP) in
the Guidelines in PTW system, serial Report
6.29/189; published in January 1993
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Permit To Work
204. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
To avoid or reduce the risk of a serious accident or
incident for the work to be carried out
To control and coordinate work activities
To provide a system of communication between the end
users or employers with subcontractors
Evidence or record of evidence
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Objective of PTW
205. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
A formal written system detailing on working, attached with
HIRARC or similar
A form of safe work instructions
Ensure that all elements of the work system are adhered to
Clearly identifies the responsibilities of each person
involved
The involvement of all relevant parties, including
contractors
Ensure everyone is trained
A checking mechanism (check & balance)
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Characteristic of PTW
206. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Hot work such as welding, gas cutting, etc
Electrical works
Working with hazardous materials
Confined space
Working over/in the water
Handle radioactive materials and explosives
Lifting heavy materials etc.
...........SO ON...
206
Example of PTW
207. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
Hot work Permit
General Work Permit i.e. Cold Work
Electrical Work Permit
Radiation Work Permit
Pressure Testing Permit
Lifting Permit
Blasting Permit etc
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Type of PTW
208. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
208
Procedure of PTW
209. Oleh: Engr. Norrazman Zaiha bin Zainol Email: razman.pe@gmail.com
OSH514 : SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
THE END
Thanks you
209