The document summarizes the major developments of the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the 18th century. It discusses factors like population growth, agricultural advances, and global trade that set the stage. Key inventions like the spinning jenny, steam engine, canals, and railroads drove the first industrialization in Britain. The industrialization process then spread to other countries in the 19th century and led to rapid urbanization, changes in social classes, and debates around workers' conditions and the rise of socialism.
2. Europe in the 18th Century:
Background to Revolution
Paradigm Shifts
Population growth
Agricultural
Revolution
Class Divisions
Global War
3. Foundations of the Industrial
Revolution
Agricultural Revolution
Population Growth
◦ Enclosure System in Great Britain
Concentrated Markets
Atlantic – centered economy
Money and banking
Political stability
4. Human Capital
Peasants = large,
semi-skilled work
force
Putting out system:
Inefficient
Slow
Failure of the putting
out system led to rise
of industry
5. The Rise of Industry - Late
1700’s
Entrepreneurs
Inventors
Consumers
Technological advancement
Resources
Mass production
6. The Rise of Industry
Spinning Jenny
◦ James Hargreaves - 1764
Spinning Jenny
Steam engine
◦ James Watt - 1765
Canals
◦ Steamboat – 1774 (first successful boat)
◦ Robert Fulton
Made commercial use of steamboats popular
Railroads - 1829 Steam Engine
◦ George Stephenson
◦ Urbanization
◦ Nationalism
Rocket Locomotive
7. Spread of Industrialization
Great Britain
◦ Industrial Revolution began here
◦ 50 year monopoly
◦ The Crystal Palace
8. The Second Industrial Revolution
Second Industrial Revolution
◦ Around 1850
◦ United States
◦ Germany
9. Industrial Society
Material Benefits
Migration
Urbanization
◦ Living conditions
Gender Relations
10. Industrial Society
Upward social mobility
Bourgeoisie - (in Marxist theory) the class that, in contrast to
the proletariat or wage-earning class, is primarily concerned
with property values.
Proletariat - (in Marxist theory) the class of workers, esp.
industrial wage earners, who do not possess capital or
property and must sell their labor to survive.
Working conditions
◦ Resistance
◦ Reform
11. Socialism
Karl Marx
◦ History propelled forward by class struggles.
◦ Capitalism is to blame for social problems.
Industry is good
Unequal distribution of wealth is bad
◦ The last struggle will be between the bourgeoisie and the
proletariat.
◦ The proletariat will seize the means of production and the
result will be a classless / stateless society.
Everyone will be equal
Utopian