"The reason why open source happened, the reason it started, was because the people who make software are artists and craftsmen. They are not just mindless drones, that show up every day and put in their hours. They spend their evenings, their weekends, unbelievable amounts of time crafting this software. And they wanna see it used by the most people, and they wanna see it used for the best purposes, typically, and they didn’t see that happening in the proprietary software world, not any of the proprietary software companies. And so they decided – because they could – to write their own world!" Danese Cooper

1. The Free Software History and
Communities’ journey ahead
What we can learn and expect from freedom
@ricardoamaro

2. About me
Free/Opensource software lover
Senior Cloud Engineer @Acquia
Drupal.org infrastructure/devops
Drupalist & Linux enthusiast
Father, artist, community facilitator
@ricardoamaro

3. today’s agenda
1. Free Software History (Software Livre)
2. The GPL License
3. GNU/Linux
4. Freedom Challenges
5. Why Free Software?
6. Trust your computer
7. Choose your future

4. History
• In the 1950’s, 1960’s, and 1970’s, it was normal for
computer users to have the freedoms that are
provided by free software. Software was commonly
shared by individuals who used computers and by
hardware manufacturers who were glad that people
were making software that made their hardware
useful.

5. what is going on?
rights

6. History
• While some software might have always remained
free, there was a growing amount of software that was
for sale only. In the 1970’s and early 1980’s, the
software industry began using technical measures
(such as only distributing binary copies of computer
programs) to prevent computer users from being able
to study and modify software. In 1980 copyright law
was extended to computer programs and in 1981 the
first Software patent was issued in the US.

7. what is going on?
rights

8. Evolution
• In 1983, Richard Stallman, longtime member of the hacker
community at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
announced the GNU Project, saying that he had become
frustrated with the effects of the change in culture of the
computer industry and its users. Software development for the
GNU Operating System began in January 1984, and the Free
Software Foundation (FSF) was founded in October 1985. He
developed a free software definition and the concept of
"copyleft", designed to ensure software freedom for all.

9. what is going on?

10. rights

11. What is Free Software?
The first formal definition of free software was
published by FSF in February 1986. That definition,
written by Richard Stallman, is still maintained today
and states that software is free software if people who
receive a copy of the software have the following four
freedoms:

12. What is Free Software?
0 (use) The freedom to run the program for any purpose.
1 (study) The freedom to study how the program works, and change it to
make it do what you wish.
2 (copy & share) The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help
your neighbor.
3 (modify & distribute) The freedom to improve the program, and
release your improvements (and modified versions in general) to the
public, so that the whole community benefits.

13. It’s called GPL :
General Public License
The majority
of Free and OpenSource Software
uses it.

14. what is going on?

15. …
Gnu/Linux
Linux Distro History

16. 1993

17. 1995

18. 1998

19. what is going on?

20. what is going on?

21. Free and Opensource Software for
everything you can imagine in life
●
Antivirus Software
●
Games
●
PDF Software
●
Application Servers
●
GIS Software
●
Personal information managers
●
Astronomy Software
●
2D Graphics Software
●
Project Management Software
●
Audio Software
●
3D Graphics Software
●
Revision Control software
●
Backup Software
●
Groupware
●
Science Software
●
BitTorrent Clients
●
HTML Editors
●
Search Engine Software
●
Business Software
●
Image Galleries
●
Special Purpose File Systems
●
CD Writing Software
●
Instant Messengers
●
Spreadsheets
●
Compilers and Interpreters
●
Internet Forum Software
●
System software
●
Computer-aided Design Software
●
IRC Clients
●
Television Software
●
Content Management Systems
●
Learning Support Software
●
TeX Software
●
Data Compression Software
●
Mathematics Software
●
Text Editors
●
Database Management Systems
●
Media Players
●
Usenet Clients
●
Desktop Environments
●
Multimedia codecs, Containers, and Splitters
●
Video Software
●
Development Toolkits and Libraries
●
Network management software
●
VoIP software
●
Educational Software
●
Note-taking Software
●
Web Browsers
●
Email Software
●
Office Suites
●
Window Managers
●
File Managers
●
Operating Systems
●
Windowing Systems
●
File Transfer Software
●
Word Processors

22. But this freedom is not only on Software...
It extends to
knowledge,
culture
and especially
human rights!

23. what is going on?

25. Freedom Challenges
1 - Social Networks and your privacy
2 - Your computer should trust you
3 - Free Software =
freedom of choice, speech,
association & expression

26. Social Networks
Have you ever thought about your privacy?
Facebook, Google+ and others admittedly archive and use your data for
their own benefit and for governments control.
Ps. It’s not only for advertisements anymore…

27. Facebook’s example
From: https://www.facebook.com/full_data_use_policy
We may enable access to public information that has been shared through our services.
We may allow service providers to access information so they can help us provide
services.(...)
We may access, preserve and share your information in response to a legal request (...)
This may include responding to legal requests from jurisdictions outside of the United
States (...) We may also access, preserve and share information (...) to protect ourselves,
you and others, including as part of investigations;
Information we receive about you, including financial transaction data related to
purchases made with Facebook, may be accessed, processed and retained for an
extended period of time(...)

28. “free” hosted services
If you’re not paying for a product
and they still earn money, then
you probably are the product.

29. ...and you are cool with that?
fine :)
But there are options!

30. Own your data rights (if you care)
Solutions:
Diaspora,
Friendica,
FreeNet
https://gitorious.org/social/pages/ProjectComparison

31. …or just socialize for real

32. Your computer should trust you
and you should trust your computer

33. Free has in Freedom
A backdoor to the NSA, called
“Trusted Computing” developed and
promoted by the Trusted Computing
Group, founded a decade ago by the
all-American tech companies AMD,
Cisco, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Intel,
Microsoft, and Wave Systems. Its core
element is a chip, the Trusted
Platform Module (TPM), and an
operating system designed for it, such
as Windows 8.

34. Trusted computing

35. Does your computer trust you?
TPM 2.0
is a malicious feature or a “backdoor”
http://investmentwatchblog.com/leaked-germangovernment-warns-key-entities-not-to-use-windows8-links-the-nsa/

36. DRM
Apple and other vendors apply
“Digital Restrictions Management” or
“digital handcuffs” on their Software.
These are technical mechanisms designed to impose
restrictions on computer users.
Mainly regarding access to content and data that you
should have the right to control.

37. The solution is Free Software
My Gnu/Linux Desktop

38. Own your Computer!
http://distrowatch.com/

39. Because corporations profit
justifies any means...
“Don’t declare victory and ignore the danger.”
Richard Stallman

40. but… but… but...
Change is much easier than you think! :)
Communities like Drupal, Linux, DevOps, Libreoffice
are building their own tools for that…
Why?!

41. Artists and craftsmen
“The reason why open source happened, the reason it started, was
because the people who make software are artists and craftsmen.
They are not just mindless drones, that show up every day and put
in their hours. They spend their evenings, their weekends,
unbelievable amounts of time crafting this software. And they
wanna see it used by the most people, and they wanna see it used
for the best purposes, typically, and they didn’t see that happening
in the proprietary software world, not any of the proprietary
software companies. And so they decided – because they could –
to write their own world!”
Danese Cooper - Drupal Association Board Member
http://www.transformingfreedom.org/hyperaudio/software-monopolies-and-open-source

43. “And so they decided –
because they could –
to write their own
world!”
Danese Cooper - Drupal Association Board Member
http://www.transformingfreedom.org/hyperaudio/software-monopolies-and-open-source