1. THE LOSS OF THE
COLONIES

2. INTRODUCTION
-COLONIZATION BEGAN IN 1492
-TERRITORIES WERE DIVIDED IN VICEROYALTIES
-CHARLES III MADE CHANGES
-GROWING INDEPENDENTIST FEELING
-SPANISH SITUATION

3. KEY WORDS:
-VICEROYALTY: VIRREINATO
-VICEROY: VIRREY
-CREOLE: CRIOLLO
-ROYALIST: REALISTA
-PENINSULAR

4. VICEROYALTY OF NUEVA ESPANA

5. VICEROYALTY OF RÍO DE LA PLATA
ARGENTINA
BOLIVIA
SOUTH OF BRAZIL
NORTH OF CHILE
URUGUAY
PARAGUAY
ALTO PERÚ

6. VICEROYALTY OF PERU
-LEGAL WHITENESS
-LIBERATING ARMIES:EJÉRCITOS
LIBERTADORES
*SAN MARTÍN
*BOLÍVAR
-BATTLE OF AYACUCHO

7. GENERAL CAPITAINCY OF CHILE
-NATIVES  MINORITY
-REPUBLIC I NO SOCIAL
BASE
-BATTLE OF MAIPÚ

8. GENERAL CAPITAINCY OF VENEZUELA AND
VICEROYALTY OF NUEVA GRANADA
-ECUADOR
-COLOMBIA
-PANAMA
-VENEZUELA
MAJORITY BLACK PEOPLE
REPUBLIC I NO SOCIAL BASE
REPUBLIC II LITTLE SOCIAL BASE
REPUBLIC III ENGLISH POLITICAL
SYSTEM

9. Art and Culture in Spanish
Monarchy
Neoclassic style (middle XVIII – early XIX)
Charles IV
Ferdinand VII
Romantic style (from 1834 to late XIX)

10. Architecture
Juan de Villanueva
Antonio López Aguado
Painting
Francisco de Goya y Lucientes
Literature
José de Espronceda
Mariano José de Larra
Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch
Duke of Rivas
José Zorrilla

11. Architecture
Juan de Villanueva
Museo del Prado (1785-1808)
Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid (1781)
Astronomical Observatory of El Retiro (1790)
Plaza Mayor of Madrid (1790)

12. Villanueva Building. Museo del
Prado. Madrid
Pavillion by Juan de
Villanueva. Royal
Botanic Gardens of
Madrid
Astronomical Observatory of El Retiro
by Juan de Villanueva. Madrid

13. Plaza Mayor of Madrid by Juan de Villanueva
Finished by Antonio López Aguado and Custodio Moreno

14. Architecture (II)
Antonio López Aguado
Museo del Prado (1818-1831)
Plaza Mayor of Madrid (1874)
Puerta de Toledo (1813-1827)
Royal Theatre (1818)
Palace of Villahermosa (Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum) (1805)
Queen’s Baths (Solan de Cabras Spa in Cuenca) (1817)

15. Puerta de Toledo
by Antonio López Aguado
Royal Theatre by Antonio López Aguado
and Custodio Moreno. Madrid

16. Palace of Villanueva by Antonio López Aguado
Thyssen-Bonemisza Museum. Madrid
Queen’s baths by Antonio López Aguado
Solán de Cabras Spa. Cuenca

17. Painting
• Francisco de Goya y Lucientes
 Court painter
Portraits
 Historical chronicler at the time
The disasters of war

18. Charles IV of Spain and His Family
by Francisco de Goya
The third of May 1808
by Francisco de Goya

19. The Disasters of War by Goya

20. Literature
José de Espronceda
Canto a Teresa
Sancho Saldaña o El castellano de Cuéllar
Poesías (Poems):
• El estudiante de Salamanca (The Student of
Salamanca)
• Diablo Mundo (Devil World)

21. Literature (II)
Mariano José de Larra
Vuelva usted mañana (Come back tomorrow)
Corridas de toros (Bullfights)
Casarse pronto y mal (Get married soon and badly)
El castellano grosero (The rude Castilian)

22. Literature (III)
Juan Eugenio Hartzenbusch
The lovers of Teruel
Duke of Rivas
Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino (Don Álvaro or
the power of fate)
José Zorrilla
Don Juan Tenorio

23. Arts and Culture in the Colonies
(XIXth)
Architecture: Manuel Tolsá
Painting: Christopher Lozano, Christopher de Aguilar
Literature: Pablo de Olavide

24. THE LOSS OF CUBA, THE
PHILIPPINES AND PUERTO RICO
.....
THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

25. - WAR ON 2 FRONTS
PACIFIC / CARIBBEAN
- THE IMPORTANCE OF CUBA
- SITUATION IN CUBA

26. - 1868: TEN YEARS’ WAR
CARLOS MANUEL DE CESPEDES
TREATY OF ZANJON
- 1879:THE LITTLE WAR
CALIXTO GARCIA
- 1895 GUERILLA WAR
JOSE MARTI

27. CANOVAS DEL CASTILLO
GENERAL VALERIANO WEYLER

28. - THE INTERVENTION OF THE
UNITED STATES
WILLIAM McKINLEY
- AUTONOMY OF CUBA
1st JANUARY 1898

29. - THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR BEGINS
APRIL 25TH 1898

30. RAMON BLANCO GENERAL MAXIMO GOMEZ

31. THE PHILIPPINES
- IN 1521 THE FIRST SPANISH ARRIVED TO
THE PHILIPPINES
- THE COLONIZATION
- JOSE RIZAL

32. - THE FIRST CLASH
- GEORGE DEWEY AND PATRICIO
MONTOJO
- SPANISH LOSS

33. - FIRST AMERICAN DEFEAT
- FERMIN JAUDENES
- THE SPANISH SURRENDER

34. BATTLE OF MANILA BAY

35. PUERTO RICO
- MAY 1898
- HENRY H. WHITNEY
- THE US BATTLESHIP USS YALE

36. USS YALE

37. - CERRO GERVASIO DEL ASOMANTE
- THE BATTLES OF GUANICA AND
YAUCO
- BATTLE OF FAJARDO

38. - THE WAR LASTED 4 MONTHS
- HOSTILITIES END
12th AUGUST 1898
- TREATY OF PARIS
10th DECEMBER 1898

39. Culture of Spain and the
Colonies at the end of the
Nineteenth Century.

40. Spain
Demographic
Situation

41. Literature
Generation 98
Modernism
Novecentism

42. Painting
Joaquín Zuloaga
(1870 - 1945)
Ignacio Sorolla
(1863-1923)

43. Sciences
Santiago Ramón y Cajal
(1852 -1934)
The Doctrine of the Nerve Cells

44. First Colony: Cuba
Demographic
situation

45. Culture
¡Cuba, Cuba, que vida me diste,
Popular Hymn dulce tierra de luz y hermosura!
¡Cuánto sueño de gloria y ventura
José María Heredias tengo unido a tu sueño feliz!
¡Y te vuelvo a mirar...! Cuán severo,
hoy me oprime el rigor de mi suerte
la opresión me amenaza con muerte
en los campos do al mundo nací.

46. Puerto Rico
Demographic
situation

47. Culture and Literature
¡Despierta, borinqueño,
que han dado la señal! Lola Rodriguez de Tío
¡Despierta de ese sueño, (1843-1924)
que es hora de luchar!
A ese llamar patriótico,
¿no arde tu corazón?
Francisco Gonzado Marín
(1863-1900)

48. The Philippines
Demographic
situation

49. Culture and Literature
Adelina Gurrea (1896-1971)
Cuentos de Juana
Jesús Balmori (1887-1948)
Pájaros de Fuego
Popular songs of Independence