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What can your dog teach you about Genetics?
- 1. What can your Dog teach you about Molecular Genetics?
- 4. Why have dogs become very interesting to molecular geneticists?
- 8. Quick Review of Genetic Terms and Principles Review of Genetics Terms and Principles
- 9. Review - Big Ideas in Genetics One gene – One phenotypic trait Recessive genes can hide under Dominant Dominant phenotype One phenotype – different genotypes! or BB Bb
- 10. Review - Big Ideas in Genetics * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qtl QTL – Quantitative Trait Loci 1908 Nilson-Ehle Many genes + environment One quantitative trait =
- 11. Review - Big Ideas in Genetics Single Nucleotide Polymorphism * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qtl Animation http://www.dnai.org/text/mediashowcase/index2.html?id=1083
- 12. only P1 and P4 have the DNA from grandparents G1 and G4 and thus, it is possible that the disease gene might be somewhere near ? . ~85% probability of finding a simple recessive trait. Review - Gene Markers for Beginners Now imagine that grandparents G1 and G4 and puppies P1 and P4 have the disease and we're looking at a recessive mode of inheritance. We would then look at the DNA markers we have and see that at position ?
- 14. Founders Effect Original Population Survivors are selected for breeding New Population
- 16. Bottlenecked Gene Pool Wolf Dog AKC Breeds Wade “The Dog Genome:Sequence, Evolution, and Haplotype Structure” Broad Institute MIT
- 19. Documented PWD breeding lines Lark Web Site: Genetics of quantitative traits in Portuguese Water Dogs http://64.226.94.9/npwd.htm
- 20. Who’s your Daddy’s Daddy’s Daddy?
- 21. With high level of inbreeding all dog would look the same? Polymorphic
- 22. Genetic Resource Lark Web Site: Genetics of quantitative traits in Portuguese Water Dogs http://64.226.94.9/npwd.htm
- 23. Zero Correlation Pedigree Markers
- 24. Is there a correlation between genetic markers in PWD and breeding lineage? Lark Web Site: Genetics of quantitative traits in Portuguese Water Dogs http://64.226.94.9/npwd.htm
- 25. Results - QTL linking the skull, legs ,hip Courtesy Sanger Inst http://www.georgieproject.com/x-ray/x-ray.htm
- 26. Results - QTL Size IGF1 Chrom 15 http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/map_search.cgi?taxid =9615&build= current&advsrch = off&query =igf1
- 27. Elegance of the Georgie experiment Free living population of animals versus a colony of laboratory dogs that are inbred.
- 28. Georgie and my dog Are there similar DNA sequences in my dog that will make him susceptible to autoimmune disease? Georgie McGyver
- 29. If you can find a population
- 30. If you can build a database of BioMarkers
- 31. Biomarker Research Protein Identification Protein Digest Sample Handling Data Analysis Peptide Separation Data Storage Cells or Tissue Thermo Scientific Laboratory Workflow Sample Preparation Data Interpretation & Storage Sample Analysis Robotics Centrifuges Concentrators Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Lab Information Management System Microplate Readers Software Xcalibur Protein Fractionation Freezers Biomarker Identified
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- The following slide presentation is target for 60 minutes. I will relate my story of acquiring a pet dog who with a little research and help from my college class opened up a fascinating world of history, AKC registration, breeding, genetics and developmental biology. I hope you find some things interesting enough to read and research your information on your own dog.
- Clearly there are more genetic mechanisms at work if you consider the wide range of phenotypes for the modern dog. All modern dogs have the same number of chromosomes and genetic bases however they can be widely different in physical form and behavioral form.
- Listed here are reasons dogs are interesting to scientists.
- In 2003 Kerstin Lindblad-Toh and her team embarked on developing a map of the dog genome. The published there work in 2005 in Nature. This first map has been used as a basis for much of the recent literature on dog genetics.
- Here are 2 big ideas in genetics. We talked about dominant and recessive traits which was observed by Gregor Mendel. In the 1980’s new observations were made about a sets of genes that control traits. These set of genes were called Quantitative Trait Locus. Sets of genes can control a range of phenotypic expression. For example a tall plant and short plant can produce a medium plant. The structural form of an organism can be the result of many genes that are linked. One gene effects the other gene. What happens when we focus on the form of one gene? Can their be side effects? The reason I mention plants in this example is that a soybean genetist at the University of Utah Karl Gordon Lark realized the techniques he was using for the study of plants could be applied to the population of Portuguese Water Dogs. We are going to talk about his research in a few minutes.
- Here are 2 big ideas in genetics. We talked about dominant and recessive traits which was observed by Gregor Mendel. In the 1980’s new observations were made about a sets of genes that control traits. These set of genes were called Quantitative Trait Locus. Sets of genes can control a range of phenotypic expression. For example a tall plant and short plant can produce a medium plant. The structural form of an organism can be the result of many genes that are linked. One gene effects the other gene. What happens when we focus on the form of one gene? Can their be side effects? The reason I mention plants in this example is that a soybean genetist at the University of Utah Karl Gordon Lark realized the techniques he was using for the study of plants could be applied to the population of Portuguese Water Dogs. We are going to talk about his research in a few minutes.
- Here are 2 big ideas in genetics. We talked about dominant and recessive traits which was observed by Gregor Mendel. In the 1980’s new observations were made about a sets of genes that control traits. These set of genes were called Quantitative Trait Locus. Sets of genes can control a range of phenotypic expression. For example a tall plant and short plant can produce a medium plant. The structural form of an organism can be the result of many genes that are linked. One gene effects the other gene. What happens when we focus on the form of one gene? Can their be side effects? The reason I mention plants in this example is that a soybean genetist at the University of Utah Karl Gordon Lark realized the techniques he was using for the study of plants could be applied to the population of Portuguese Water Dogs. We are going to talk about his research in a few minutes.
- Here is a picture of Georgie from Web site at the University of Utah. There is a great Discovery channel film clip on line at http://www.exn.ca/Stories/2002/12/05/53.asp Which give the background of the project. The following set of slides have also been taken from the Georgie project web site which I recommend to go and read as a follow up to this presentation
- This is a great visual slide from the Georgie project that helps you to comprehend the proliferation of similar sets of genes in a closed breeding system which favors a champion sire. Le-Hi Madeira Lancer is a male that was used to breed with multiple females. Each box represents a puppy that he sired with colors in each line representing litters. Two of his sons were used to breed with multiple females. This clearly illustrates the amplification of the genetic material for certain chosen dogs in selective breeding. Take a second to think about this. Is it clear that conformational breeding can skew a genetic population in favor of a specific dog. This could be done by looks or behavior but which do think are qualities more favored today?
- The Portuguese Water Dog Club of America has an on line database of lineage. Here are 4 generations of MacGyver's family. The well documented history of this breed in America from the early 1970’s is an important aspect of the dog that we will discuss
- Here is an example of the wide phenotypic expression of the PWD’s. Some of these differences are grooming but I have noticed many differences in muzzle shape, eye shape, size and hair type in the PWD’s that I have met.
- Since the breed was so well documented in the US it was possible for the Utah research team to reach out to breeders and owners. Owners were very willing to participate in the project by providing, health information, skeletal measurements and vials of blood. Each dog was then tracked in a database of genotype of hundreds of genetic markers and phenotype of consanguity and health problems. This allowed the research team to statistically evaluate sub-groups of related dogs for the presence of Quantitative Trait Loci
- The database of information showed a significant correlation between the genetic markers or genotype and the breeding records provided by owners. It was as reliable predicting how related 2 dogs were by the information on a section of their DNA as it was by looking at their pedigree breeding charts. Sub-groups of dogs could be isolated for homologous genetic traits. The research team could hunt for genetic markers that produced certain phenotypes such as muzzle length, hip structure, retinal problems or defective adrenal glands.
- I would like to point out the elegance of the Georgie experiment. This experimentation was done using dogs living as “free” animals. Much of this type of research is not published because researchers use laboratory colonies of dogs. Many of these dogs are well treated because they are very expensive to produce. This picture may be an over dramatization however these dogs live their lives confined to the laboratory or farm colony.
- This project personally “hits home” when I look at the pictures of Georgie and MacGyver. The bottom line - Does my dog have “base sequences of DNA” that Georgie also had that will lead to a similar autoimmune disease? Is there anyway to prevent this for MacGyver? Is there anyway to prevent this for the breed?
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- Karl Lark and his team was able to contribute a great deal of useful information in the current scientific literature. Here are some examples of published papers that will become invaluable to scientists all over the world studying genetics. Let me point out the paper defining a QTL that links cranial size and formation of the hip joint.
- Lets me point out the paper on the possible linkage of behavior and genotype
- Let me point out the paper linking the study of Portuguese water dogs and cardiomyopathy.