Energy Efficient Home Construction in the South West

StrategyEye

South West Clean Technologies Review

Trend Analysis and Discussion

Copyright MarketClusters Limited 2007 1

Overview

1.  Introduction

2.  Energy Efficiency in Residential Construction
3.  Tidal and Wave Energy
4.  Offshore Wind Farms
5.  Producing Fuels from Biomass
6.  Plastics and Electronics Recycling
7.  Aerospace Energy Efficiency
8.  Photovoltaics
9.  CO2 Algae Transformation
10. Combined Heat and Power
11. Hybrid and Flex-Fuel Engines

12. Conclusion

Copyright MarketClusters Limited 2007

Introduction:
Methodology

v  We reviewed close to 500 South West region organisations, 401 of which were relevant
Sources:
–  SwRDA team, RegenSW database
–  MarketClusters primary and secondary research
v  Our assessment of regional strengths and weaknesses combines several factors
–  Strengths and weaknesses benchmarked against other regions around the world
–  Regional strengths identified based on:
»  Number of relevant companies in industry categories
»  Size of relevant companies in industry categories
»  Innovation created by relevant companies in industry class / Reputation of relevant companies in industry categories

The results are displayed on the Industry SIM

Regional strength: strong combination of companies in region

Regional weakness: no significant companies in region

v  We have created a shortlist of opportunities taking into account further industry factors

Global market size and growth (Low / Medium / High)

South West Ticket to Play (Disadvantaged / Neutral / Advantaged)

Takes into account South West strength in relevant industry classes ..
–  .. reputation (of region and individual companies) in relevant industry classes
longlist (trend spider) trend presentation
–  .. and stickiness (sustainability) of regional strength


Introduction:
Key Findings from the CleanTech SIM

Key findings from Strategic Industry Map

Supporting Infrastructure

v  Strong presence of regional and
international supporting companies
(consulting etc.)
v  Developed academic research base

Small Scale Power Generation Resource Consumption

v  Weak presence in small scale power v  Range of efficiency-related
generation companies with proprietary companies able to provide quick
technologies savings and environmental results
v  Well developed portfolio of added v  Weak representation of biofuel
value (small scale) project technology companies
management companies

Waste Management

v  Broad cluster of waste management
and specialist companies


1) Energy Efficiency in
Residential Construction


1) Energy Efficiency in
Residential Construction

Opportunity Description & Market Sizing
v  Energy efficient construction relates to the development of materials whose production is less harmful to the environment and the construction or retrofitting of buildings that use less
energy than conventional ones.

v  Over a quarter of total UK energy consumption was related to domestic needs, especially heating & cooling [Source: National Statistics], with about 2m UK households spending over
10% of their income on domestic energy. With the recent sharp increase in energy prices, energy efficient construction is gaining in momentum. The Government s annual house-building
target is around 240,000 new homes – a notable increase from the approximately 140,000 currently being built per year [Sources: Rowntree, National Statistics].

v  Since April 2006, the UK BERR's Low Carbon Buildings Programme has offered grants to public sector and charitable bodies for the installation of micro-generation technologies,
funding up to the 50% of total project cost.

Key Player Profiles

Kensa Engineering Powertech Solar Burdens Environmental
Heat Pumps Micropower Environmental Building Systems
Key:

Kensa Engineering is a supplier and manufacturer Powertech supplies micropower generation Burdens supplies a range of products for the shell Company with SW
of ground source heat pumps. Its testing facility in systems to be integrated in houses. Micropower (walls, roofs and floors) of the building. These
HQ

Cornwall was involved in international standard solutions include micro wind turbines, multi source products combine breathable, well insulated and Multinational
company with
setting for heat pumps. Originally the company thermal stores, solar thermal collectors, PV panels, healthy living accommodation using environmental significant
developed sea water sourced heat pumps for air to water heat pumps and underflooring heating presence in SWE
marine application. friendly and sustainable materials.
Leading Company
in Category

Why (Market and regional strengths) Why Not Market Size

v  New building regulations already in place (e.g. Home
Information Packs, Part L&F Building Regulations)
v  Improvements for existing houses more likely with
v  Current lack of tight legal requirements reduces
incentives to adopt construction energy efficiency
v  Private residents are reluctant towards upfront payments
L M H
rising energy prices for environmentally friendly construction or upgrades, and
financial alternatives are still scarce SW Ticket To Play

D.N.A

2) Tidal and Wave Energy


2) Tidal and Wave Energy

v  Tidal power is the extraction of energy from the of the rising and falling motion of sea levels. It is not easy to capture tidal power efficiently, but Britain has very strong potential as it is
surrounded by sea with strong tidal and current flows. In the SW, there are several suitable locations for tidal power off the top South West tip and off the coast from Weymouth.

v  According to MCT, 20% of the UK s electricity needs could be met by harnessing tidal power through marine turbines. The total amount of available tidal electric energy is estimated to
be a vast 22TWh [Source: National Statistics].

v  Wave power is the use of waves to produce energy. One of the most famous devices which produces energy from waves is the Pelamis, used in demonstration wave farms in Scotland
and Portugal. These projects in Scotland and in Portugal are pilot projects of interest to ascertain opportunities around the South West Coast. Scottish Wavegen is currently building a
small, commercial wave energy plant in Spain. Another project is to be installed 10 miles off Hayle. It will provide the world's biggest testing ground for wave power devices (Wave-Hub).
Companies taking part are Oceanlinx (AUS), Ocean Power Technologies (US/UK), Fred Olsen (NOR) and WestWave (E.On and Ocean Prospect).

Key Player Profiles

Tidal Generation ORECon Marine Current Turbines (MCT)
Tidal Turbines Wave energy Systems Renewable Energy
Key:

Tidal Generation develops tidal turbines to ORECon develops wave energy devices. The The company develops technology for exploiting Company with SW
HQ
generate electricity from tidal flows. Each machine company’s development program includes: small- flowing water and tidal streams.
Multinational
can produce sufficient electricity to power 650 scale tank testing at the University of Plymouth MCT partners and corporate shareholders include company with
homes. and large-scale testing at two of Europe's largest Bendalls Engineering, EDF Energy, Guernsey significant
presence in SWE
The company will install the turbines at the facilities Brest & Nantes. Electricity, Seacore, Tridios Bank and BankInvest.
European Energy Centre in Orkney and Leading Company
in Category
anticipates that it will start to contribute to the UK
energy needs by 2010.


v  Numerous South-West sites suitable for tidal power
v  Already supported by SWRDA
v  UK has expertise in these types of power plants
v  Expensive projects, costs too high to be profitable within
the next 5 years (especially for wave systems)
v  Environmental impact concerns, such as e.g. possible
L M H
v  Support through the Wave and Tidal Energy conflicts with fisheries
Demonstration funding scheme v  Weak power grid around the coast SW Ticket To Play

D.N.A

3) Offshore Wind Farms


3) Offshore Wind Farms

v  Offshore wind farms are wind turbine farms built in the sea and away from shallow waters close to the land. The electricity produced by these farms is routed through underwater cables
back to the grid on the mainland. The wind turbines are based on the same technology as onshore ones, but due to wind conditions at sea, offshore wind turbines can be built bigger and
are able to generate more power.

v  According to a 2005 assessment by Ernst & Young, the UK is one of the most viable countries for the generation of offshore wind energy.

v The world s largest offshore wind farm is planned to be built near the coast of North Devon. The £3bn Atlantic Array scheme once completed around 2016, will generate 1,5MW, energy
to power more than 1,000,000 homes. Five operating offshore farms currently operate in the UK: Blyth, North Hoyle, Scroby Sands, Kentish Flats and Barrow. Even though turbines are
mostly imported (Vestas, REpower etc.), local companies profit from construction, maintenance or even operation.

Key Player Profiles
Npower renewables Farm Energy2 Seawind
Renewable energy company Atlantic Array Project Offshore wind projects
Key:

Npower has signed a contract with Siemens plc to Farm Energy2 is a Devon based company that will International provider of project management, Company with SW
supply and install 25 wind turbines for the new develop the £3bn Atlantic Array project, the world’s engineering, construction and operations services HQ

Rhyl Flats Offshore Wind Farms, located west of biggest wind farm. to the offshore wind energy industry. Multinational
North Hoyle. The Rhyl Flats, with a £10 million The energy company was involved with proposals Ongoing development projects include: 50MW in company with
significant
capital grant, is expected to generate electricity for for a huge offshore wind project in the Thames Ireland, 20MW in the UK, 380MW in Germany, presence in SWE

61,000 homes. estuary which was approved by the Government 90MW in Czechoslovakia, 40MW in Spain, 100MW Leading Company
last year. in South America and 300MW in North America. in Category

Why (Market and Regional Strengths) Why Not Market Size

v  More energy than onshore wind farms (higher wind
speed, less turbulence), and fewer visual impact issues
v  Enough grid capacity in the South West
v  Deep seabeds around the southwest complicate turbine
installation
v  Expensive projects (foundations, corrosion and
L M H
v  Numerous SW sites suitable for offshore wind power connection to the grid)
(40% of Europe s wind passes through UK) v  Potential conflicts with fisheries SW Ticket To Play
v  BWEA says offshore wind farms can meet 6% of v  Weak grid around the coast

D.N.A
demand by 2015


4) Producing Fuels from Biomass


4) Producing Fuels from Biomass

v  Today s biofuel production focuses on the use of energy crops, such as sugar cane, corn and oil palm. As these plants demand large land space and energy to be grown, and their use
as fuel sources can compete with their use as food, which has ethical and economical implications. BTL (biomass-to-liquid) processes use the waste part of edible plants. Newer
processes are also capable of converting biological residue such as corn stover, straw and human/animal sewage into biogas and biofuels, for on-site and off-site use. According to the
Office of National Statistics, approximately 62% of Municipal Solid Waste ( MSW ) is from biodegradable sources, which shows the potential synergies between Biomass fuel production
and waste reduction.

v  In 2006, UK biodiesel production capacity was approximately 290m liters; demand reached about 95m litres for bioethanol and 200m liters for biodiesel. [Sources: HMRC, National
Statistics]. Current legislation (Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation) requires that by 2010, 5% of all transport fuel will be derived from renewable sources.

v  Near-term projects focus on the direct combustion of energy crops and wood processing waste for power generation. An example is the 7MW combined heat and power plant at the
Charlton sawmill in Buckland (Somerset).

Key Player Profiles
BICAL Green Fuels Compact Power
Energy crop specialist Biomass processing equipment Process Technology
Key:

Bical develops methods for crop production and Green Fuels produces Biodiesel processors and Compact Power has developed pyrolysis and Company with SW
onward processing focusing on miscanthus. The hydrogen generators. The company is also gasification technology, using waste and biomass, HQ
company formed Bical Energy and the BiCep currently developing bioethanol equipment and to create a method for waste processing and Multinational
producer group to promote the spread of consults in all aspects of plant construction. renewable energy. company with
significant
Miscanthus. presence in SWE

Leading Company
in Category


v  New opportunities for crop growers
v  Biodiesel production can serve as early entry,
bioalcohols as later entry
v  Technology still under development with uncertain
outcome for different types of biomass
v  Petrol distribution infrastructure not yet ready for
L M H
v  Reduction of total waste volume bioalcohols
v  Production of heat, power, fuels and gas from biomass v  Need to monitor gas emissions for health and SW Ticket To Play
opens wide range of application environmental risks

D.N.A
v  Plants for mechanical separation of biological waste from
MSW needed


5) Plastics and Electronics Recycling


5) Plastics and Electronics Recycling

v  Electronics: The European directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment ( WEEE ) aims to increase reuse and recycling by making producers and distributors responsible for
collection and treatment of used equipment. Many electronics contain toxic substances (mercury, cadmium) as well as valuable raw material for recycling (steel, glass, silicon, lead, gold).
According to the Office of National Statistics, at present less than 15% of WEEE is properly disposed of.
v  Major manufacturers, such as Sony, Dell and Staples, have started recycling programmes in the last few years.

v  Plastics: Plastics consumption grows about 4% every year in Western Europe. In the UK, it is estimated that only 7% of the total plastic waste of 4.7m tonnes are currently recycled
[Source: Defra]. For recycling, plastics are sorted and broken down into their constituent monomers, which can then be reused.
v  One of the main problems in plastic recycling is an underdeveloped infrastructure and low market demand. Recycled plastics are mainly used in the manufacture of low-specification
products.
v The Government s WRAP initiative aims to develop the recyclate markets and plastics recycling in general.

v  Key Player Profiles
Viridor Waste Management CRT Heaven MDJ Light Brothers
Waste management company for various types Machinery for the recycling industry Waste recycling and waste management
of waste services Key:

Company with SW
Viridor is a waste service company. It currently CRT Heaven produces recycling equipment to MDJ provides recycling for metal, WEEE (and HQ
operates 25 regional landfill sites, regional handle used CRT Computer and TV monitors. The WEEE plastics), plastic and other materials. The Multinational
recycling facilities and 189 waste processing sites. end product of the recycling process is saleable company also provides collections services for a company with
significant
raw material. wider range of wastes and trades the recyclates. presence in SWE

Leading Company
in Category


Electronics
v  Reduces toxic substances in landfills
v  Increasing volume of complex electronics waste
Electronics
v  Toxicity of certain substances
v  Strong competition from overseas recycling operations
L M H
v  Recovery of valuable materials v  Danger of sensitive information retrieval

Plastics SW Ticket To Play
Plastics
v  Recycling complex due to 50+ different plastic types

D.N.A
v  Conservation of energy
v  Degradable plastics gaining momentum
v  Use of plastics is growing
v  Recycled mainly overseas
v  Price of oil to produce plastics is volatile and high

6) Aerospace Energy Efficiency


6) Aerospace Energy Efficiency

v  Major airliner manufacturers are investing in research to develop efficient eco-friendly airframes and engines that will both save airline companies fuel costs and decrease the impact on
the environment as well reduce noise pollution, as required by EU legislation and by the Kyoto protocol. CO2 and noise emission can be reduced by modifying aircraft aerodynamics and
weight ratios, as well as optimising engine performance.

v  The Strategic Research Agenda (commissioned by ACARE, Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in EU ) has allocated €1.075 billion to the Aeronautics & Space Industry to
support the objective of halving carbon dioxide emissions and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions by 80% by 2020 (Source: Vision 2020 report)

v  In October 2006, nine European Aircraft companies announced the €1.7 billion Clean Sky initiative to develop greener aeronautics systems such as more efficient engines. A
consortium of university engineers and aircraft manufacturers (Rolls Royce, Boeing and Marshall Aerospace) is also collaborating on the Silent Aircraft Initiative (SAI)

Key Player Profiles
University of the West of England Rolls-Royce Airbus UK
Academic education and research Engine manufacturer Aircraft manufacturer
Key:

The Aerospace Manufacturing Research Centre is Since the introduction of jet-powered airliners, the Airbus forecasts that the A380 will be at least four Company with SW
a leading research group of national significance fuel efficiency of aircraft has improved by around decibels quieter than the Boeing 747-400. This HQ
for the aerospace industry. Thee Centre is involved 70 per cent. Rolls-Royce wants to halve engine equates to a perceived 50 percent reduction in Multinational
in aerospace environmental issues as well as noise relative to 1998 levels by 2010, to achieve noise levels. Operating costs per seat will be company with
significant
emissions and environmental impacts. 10% reduction in fuel consumption in all new reduced by about 15 percent. presence in SWE
engines and to cut NOx emissions by 50 %. The A380 wings were designed and are part-built Leading Company
in the Filton facility. in Category


v  Airliners are being pressured to develop cleaner
technology as could reduce climate change.
v  Energy efficiency results in a decrease of fuel costs
v  Impact of aircraft pollution is difficult to assess
v  Noise reduction can potentially reduce engine aircraft
performance
L M H
v  Substantial funding from institutions v  Issue dominated by large manufacturers
v  Filton is key R&D centre for next generation airframes v  High cost of R&D SW Ticket To Play
and engines

D.N.A

7) Photovoltaics


7) Photovoltaics

v  Photovoltaics describes a technology that uses solar cells to convert solar radiation into electricity. The PV cell consists of one or two layers of a semiconducting material, usually
silicon.

v  The British Photovoltaic Association currently counts 138 industrial PV parks installed in the UK, with a total (peak) generating capacity of approximately 2.28 megawatt. The
governmental PV Demonstration Programme has supported 80% of small to large scale programmes, counting a total installed capacity of 10MW [Source: Office of National Statistics].

v  The main area of application in a temperate country such as the UK is PV systems connected to the local electricity network. In the evening, when the solar system is unable to provide
the electricity required, power can be bought back from the network. In effect, the grid is acting as an energy storage system, which means the PV system does not need to include battery
storage.

Key Player Profiles
Imagination Solar Solar Ray Barum Solarheat
Roof Integrated PV Renewable Energy consultancy small-scale solar power
Key:
Imagination Solar has developed a Hybrid Solar Solar Ray focuses on residential and small The company, based in Devon, has over 25 years
Company with SW
system, which consists of a combination of solar business alternative energy solutions, ranging from of experience in design and installation of small- HQ
hot water and PV systems in a single roof single panel systems for canal boat owners, to grid scale solar power projects.
Multinational
integrated system. Other areas of expertise connected solar roofs systems on commercial Clients include The National Trust, local company with
include low energy building design, home energy buildings. authorities, housing associations and various significant
presence in SWE
ratings, and renewable energy systems.
British Government departments. Leading Company
in Category


v  PV systems generate no greenhouse gases, saving
approximately 325kg of carbon dioxide emissions per
year for each kilowatt peak
v  High capital cost of photovoltaic installations means
significant government subsidies are still needed for large
scale commercial implementation
L M H
v  The DTI introduced a monthly allocation of £500,000 v  The UK s climate conditions are not favourable for direct
for householders wishing to apply for capital grants to solar power SW Ticket To Play
install micro-generation in December 2006

D.N.A

8) CO2 Algae Transformation


8) CO2 Algae Transformation

v  Algae can be used to reduce the CO2 in exhausts from production processes. Additionally algae can absorb different types of pollutants such as nitrous oxide. A number of small
international companies are looking into this new form of pollution reduction. The algae can be reused in the production of biofuels.

v  The market for algae production and processing is very small at the moment. A possible future driver may be that captured carbon emissions can be sold under the EU Emissions
Trading Scheme (EUETS). According to Point Carbon, the EUETS doubled last year to EUR22.5bn.

Key Player Profiles
Diversified Energy Corp GreenFuel Technologies OriginOil
Algae production systems Renewable Energy consultancy Developing Algae-to-Biofuel processes
Key:
The company is developing an algae bioreactor GreenFuel's algae farms recycle carbon dioxide OriginOil is developing a that will transform algae
Company with SW
that uses carbon dioxide from industrial exhaust from flue gases to produce biofuels and feed. The into bio-oil. This new oil can be used for many HQ
gas to facilitate algae growth. DEC partners with company just recently secured USD5.5m in bridge products such as diesel, gasoline, jet fuel and
Multinational
XLRenewables to commercialise the system. funding. plastics. company with
significant
presence in SWE

Leading Company
in Category


v  Secondary use for production of biofuels
v  Mitigating carbon emissions
v  Additionally, production of algae as a Biofuel resource
v  Early stages of development
v  To develop from scratch in South West
v  Engines running on bioalcohols are not yet common
L M H
reduces dependence on hydrocarbons and on v  Particularly relevant for plants emitting industrial
converting food crops to Biofuel quantities of carbon dioxide (few are present in SW) SW Ticket To Play

D.N.A

9) Combined Heat and Power


9) Combined Heat and Power

v  Combined heat and power (CHP, also known as cogeneration) is the principle of reusing the waste heat produced in a production process or power station. The heat created as a by-
product can be reused to produce electricity or usable heat. The principle of micro CHP is the use of the same principle in a house or small business. CHP plants are usually connected to
the lower voltage distribution grid, which can provide additional efficiency gains.

v  The UK target for CHP plants are the contribution of 10,000MWe by the end of 2010 (5,500MWe as of 2006). In order to achieve this, the VAT on micro CHP equipment has been
lowered to 5.5% and certain CHP plants are recognised under the EU Emission Trading Scheme. [Source: Office of National Statistics]

v  Cogeneration offers energy savings between 15-40% when compared against conventional power stations and boilers. The initial investment in cogeneration projects can be relatively
high but payback periods between 3-5 years might be expected. [Source: Delta Research, Energy Savings Trust]

Key Player Profiles
Centrax Gas Turbine Division Dalkia ENER-G
Turnkey CHP plants Integrated company with solutions for the CHP plants
water, gas and electricity sectors
Key:

Company with SW
Centrax manufacture gas turbine powered Dalkia is part of Veolia Environment. The company ENER-G develops CHP ( Cogeneration ) units for HQ
generator sets. Services provided range from provides energy management solutions that make on-site generation. Clients include hospitals, Multinational
supply and commissioning of generator sets to use of CHP (amongst others). Projects include universities and landfill sites. The company also company with
turnkey contracts for CHP plants. CHP plants for Eli Lilly, a hospital in Birmingham offers pyrolysis and gasification plants through its significant
presence in SWE
and AstraZeneca. subsidiary ENERGOS.
Leading Company
in Category


v  Mature technology
v  Significant energy and costs savings during operation
v  Technology applicable to non-fossil fuel plants and as
v  CHP plants primarily operate on fossil fuels
v  Complications in recognising carbon emission savings
v  High initial investment
L M H
wasted energy recovery systems
v  Reliability of electricity production
v  Reduces dependency on burning fuels and therefore SW Ticket To Play
meets Kyoto s requirements
v  Technology also supports distributed power generation
D.N.A

10) Hybrid and Flexi-Fuel Engines


10) Hybrid and Flex-Fuel Engines

v  Hybrid engines combine benefits of internal combustion engines with electric motors. The electric motor is used to start and accelerate the car as well as for low speed driving. The
vehicle s batteries can be partly recharged when braking. The combustion engine provides propulsion for high speed driving. Apart from the electric motor, the energy storage technology
is the key to widespread hybrid and pure-electric engines.

v  Flex-Fuel engines work with different types and/or blends of fuel. They are especially optimised for a high concentration of alcohols ( bioethanol ) (spark ignition) or biodiesel
(compression ignition). In 2006 there was no biofuel production plant in operation in the UK but bioethanol consumption reached about 95m litres. Most of the produced biodiesel (290m
litres) was blended with fossil derived diesel (e.g. B20/E10). The EU s Research Directorate-General has called for biofuels to provide 25% of European road transport needs by 2030.

v  Toyota s launch of the Prius stimulated the car manufacturing industry to invest heavily in hybrid engines. Demand for maintenance and engineering services for hybrid vehicle owners
and speciality transport companies will increase.

Key Player Profiles

Baldor UK PML Flightlink FEV
Electric Motors Electric Motors Engine Developer
Key:

Baldor UK is a division of Baldor Electric and Hampshire-based PML has over 30 years of FEV is engaged in the design and development of Company with SW
HQ
produces industrial electric motors, drives, multi- experience in design and manufacturing of internal combustion engines and provides
axis motion controllers, intelligent servo drives, electric motors, joysticks and drive systems engineering services around hybrid drives. Its Multinational
company with
servo motors and linear motors. for defence, aerospace and mobility clients are large drivetrain OEMs. significant
applications. presence in SWE

Leading Company
in Category


v  Big potential market; individual and commercial
transportation
v  Profits through retro-fitting
v  Advanced engineering knowledge is required, which may
constitute a barrier to entry in some instances
v  Potential concerns over land use restrictions regarding
L M H
v  New fuels call for new engines and specialist Biofuel production
engineering services
SW Ticket To Play
v  Biofuels offers good potential for net CO2 emission

D.N.A
reduction, particularly for transportation


Energy Efficient Home Construction in the South West

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