Más contenido relacionado La actualidad más candente (7) Similar a Potentials of Multi-Use Concepts within a MSP Process Bela H. Buck (20) Potentials of Multi-Use Concepts within a MSP Process Bela H. Buck1. Potentials of Multi-Use Concepts
within a MSP Process
Bela H. Buck
International Marine Spatial Planning Public Symposium, Providence (RI)
Courtesy of the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH)
2. Relatively small
N PL size of the area:
EST Advantage or
S Disadvantage?
RUS
DK
German LT
Bight
GB D LV
NL
B FIN
F
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
3. Coastal Sea:
0‐12 nautical miles
EEZ:
12‐200 nautical miles
Courtesy of BSH 2012
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
4. North Sea
EEZ: Baltic Sea
EEZ: Schleswig‐ 2
4,500 km
28,600 km2 Holstein
Hamburg Mecklenburg‐
Vorpommern
Bremen
Lower‐Saxony
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
5. MSP at an early stages:
(between 2001‐2006)
Defining the actual state of
uses
Shipping & Pipelines, Cables, Mariculture,
Military Features Sediment, Platforms
Ascertain priorities of
different uses
Set priorities regarding
national and international
Nature Conservation Offshore Wind Farms
“dependencies”.
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
8. Priority list (with regard to UNCLOS)
High
Safety and efficiency of shipping
National and international
contracts [e.g. pipelines, cables]
Protection of the marine
environment
National/Alliance defence
Others
Resources
Scientific research
Wind farming
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
9. Are there potentials
for more then one use?
‐ secondary use
‐ co‐use
‐ multi‐use
‐ multifunctional use
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
11. Construction of the
Alpha Ventus wind
farm in the EEZ 60
km off the coast of
Germany.
5 MW class turbines:
65 MWh∙day‐1∙windmill‐1
8,000 €∙day‐1∙windmill‐1
70% of companies SME
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
12. Offshore wind
In 2009, 2.8% of Europe’s total
farm
wind power was offshore.
development in
192,000 people in the EU are
the North Sea
employed by the offshore wind
industry
Courtesy of Arne Fredheim
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
13. Multi-use ideas to maximize the 1. Ecology
benefit of an offshore area: - Creating MPA‘s (nursery,
sustainable fisheries…)
- Set-up artificial reefs
2. Tourism
3. Additional energy resources
4. Offshore Aquaculture
5. Bio-Remediation /
Bio-Extraction
6. Use of fouling organisms
Image taken from Barry Costa‐Pierce
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
14. Motivation for Cooperation
Next step is to add the entire
How is the economic value of
The progression of renewable
economic framework for the
a certain site offshore:
energy worldwide recently has
wind energy side and combine
coincided with a similar
→ only wind farming
increase in marine
it with existing mussel
→ in co‐use with another
aquaculture. See worldwide
aquaculture economics.
stakeholder
stagnation of fisheries’
→ unclear ownership status
harvest, coupled with the
→ Are there cost savings by
and insurance
growth in aquaculture and
operating jointly.
wind energy over the last 30
in cooperation with Dr. Robert
years.
Griffin at Stanford University
(California)
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
15. Research Platform FINO No. I
Marine Facilities Ordinance
Licensing procedure for offshore
wind farms
→ change regulation and licensing
procedure to include multi‐use
concepts as an obligation
→ multi‐use concepts will be
promoted (even if concepts are not
successful)
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
16. © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
17. Meek, 1989
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
18. Marine Facilities
Ordinance
OSS‐Project forces
wind farm operators
to investigate in co‐
uses
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Buck et al. (2008), Helg. Mar. Research
19. Mussel cultivation designs
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012 Buck (2007), Helg. Mar. Res.
Buck et al. (2010), Aquac. Econom. Management
21. Bioextraction
“An environmental management strategy by which
nutrients are removed from an aquatic ecosystem through
the harvest of enhanced biological production, including
the aquaculture of suspension-feeding shellfish or algae”
Ecological Engineering
“Ecological Engineering is an emerging field that uses
ecological processes within natural or constructed
systems to achieve environmental goals”
Balanced Ecosystem Approach
“Fed aquaculture of finfish or shrimp with extractive
organic aquaculture of shellfish and extractive inorganic
aquaculture of seaweed (IMTA)”
SCIENCE VOL 323 20 FEB. 2009
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
22. IMTA
(Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture)
extractive species
extractive species 1. defense line:
filter feeders
wind
seaweed mussels
farm with
fish
fish/ 2. defense line: fish/
wind turbine seaweeds wind turbine
different directions
bidirectional
McVey & Buck (2008), WAS
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
23. Parameters measured:
Nutrients [NOX, P, Si, …]
Salinity
O2, CO2
pH
Chlorophyll
FerryBox Attenuation/turbidity
Fluorescence
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
24. Consideration of
mechanical
loads on
grounding
constructions of
longline, cage windmills by
or other aquaculture
constructions devices
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
25. y
N
NW NO
W O x
SW S0
S1 [N/mm²]
S
8 Windrichtungen
8 Wellenanlaufrichtungen
LC 5
EF 4 EF 5 EF 6
Development of static models
Discussion of alternative
Generation of representative
(for 3-5 MWpoints ofclass)
connection turbine foundation
loads of wind energy LC 5 S1 [N/mm²] S1 [N/mm²]
structure
installations
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Buck et al. (2006), Ocean, Offshore, and Arctic Engineering
26. © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Buck & Krause (2010), Springer Encyclopedia
27. © B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
28. Bird’s-eye view of the “Nordergründe” offshore wind farm
Buck et al. (2009) Aquacult. Econ. & Mgmt.
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Buck et al. (2003), Law International
Buck et al. (2004), Ocean & Coastal Mgmt.
30. Consumption mussel with new Consumption mussel with
NPV (IRR) vessel and new land facility existing capacity
(5,667,073, 14.73%) (9,622,937, 28.11%)
Price per kg mussel
0.9 € 3,369,576 (11.81) 7,325,440 (23.66)
1.1 € 7,964,570 (17.47) 11,920,433 (32.38)
Total cost increase
+ 5 % p.a. ‐1,899,456 (2.13) 2,056,407 (15.56)
Discount rates
6 % 6,867,422 10,871,396
8 % 4,611,108 8,522,651
9 % 3,678,854 7,549,757
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
31. Bird’s-eye view of the “Cape Wind” offshore wind farm
Buck et al. (2009) Aquacult. Econ. & Mgmt.
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
Buck et al. (2003), Law International
Buck et al. (2004), Ocean & Coastal Mgmt.
33. Example for possible macroalgae revenues and corresponding
value of raw material
Relative value of raw material in US‐$ (→ extracted per tonne wet
weight)
Carrageen 568
Alginate 355
Agar 1077
Fertilisers 500
Soil additives 27
Seaweed meals (dried) 100
Pharmaceuticals 1000
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012
34. Key Issues:
1. Multi-use concepts ease MSP
2. Multi-use will have a better acceptance for both
stakeholders and would save costs.
3. Multi-Use concepts will have economic benefits
• Quick procedure
• Combined EIA
• Shared vessels/personal
Prof. Dr. Bela H. Buck
• training
• Additional biomass
Bela.H.Buck@awi.de
• etc.
© B. H. Buck 2012 - MSP-Symposium 2012