4. Definisi Virtualisasi
• Virtualisasi merupakan sebuah fenomena
tentang mengembangkan atau mengganti
sebuah kondisi/antarmuka sistem sehingga
serupa/meniru perilaku sistem lainnya.
• Contoh: virtual private network, virtual memory,
virtual storage, virtual machine , dll
6. Virtualisasi Sistem
• Melakukan virtualisasi sumberdaya perangkat
keras/peralatan, misal : CPU, I/O, memory,
peralatan jaringan, GUI, dll
– Perangkat lunaknya disebut VMM (virtual
machine monitor) atau hypervisor
7. Virtualisasi Proses
• Sebuat platform virtual yang melakukan
eksekusi sebuah proses.
Misal: JVM membaca kode byte / program
dan menginterpretasikannya ke format native
system.
(write once, run everywhere)
9. Definisi Mesin Virtual
• Mesin Virtual/Virtual machine (VM)
merupakan sebuah duplikat yang efisien dan
terisolasi dari sebuah system mesin
nyata/fisik.
15. Istilah Pada Virtualisasi/Virtual
Machine
• Hypervisor/Virtualizer: Perangkat lunak yang
melakukan virtualisasi system dan monitoring
sumberdaya komputasi.
Abstraction layer dari perangkat keras.
• Host: Sebuah Komputer/server fisik yang
dipasangkan software virtualisasi/hypervisor.
• Guest: Sistem virtual yang berjalan diatas
sistem virtualisasi.
16. Istilah Lain
• Emulasi: Sebuah teknik konversi perintah atau instruksi
melalui perangkat lunak.
Emulasi menciptakan overhead (semakin komplek perintah
yang diemulasikan, semakin besar overhead).
Emulator: software yang melakukan emulasi. Misalnya: DOSbox,
Bochs, Qemu, Dynamips/Dynagen, ePSXe.
18. Sejarah Umum
• 1960an: VMM digunakan untuk melakukan
multiplexing mainframe
– kenapa?
• 1980-an hingga 1990-an: Studi tentang VM
menjadi tidak berkembang.
– Multitasking OS
– Harga perangkat keras semakin murah
• 2000-an, Studi tentang VM kembali berlanjut
– Security, resource utilization, reliability
19. Sejarah
• 1964 - IBM's Cambridge Scientific Center developed CP-40, intended to
implement full virtualization.
• 1970 - IBM System/370 announced, without virtual memory.
• 1972 - Announcement of virtual memory added to System/370 series.
• 1997 - First version of Virtual PC for Macintosh platform was released.
• 1999 - VMware introduced VMware Virtual Platform.
• 2003 - Microsoft acquired virtualization technologies.
• 2005 - VMware releases VMWare Player, a free player for virtual
machines, to the masses.
• 2008 - In April, VMWare releases VMWare Workstation 6.5 beta, the first
program for Windows and Linux to enable DirectX 9 accelerated graphics
on Windows XP.
22. Partial virtualization
Merupakan teknik vitualisasi atau simulasi
perangkat keras, dimana tidak semua bagian
dari perangkat tersebut di-virtual-kan,
sehingga diperlukan modifikasi sebagian pada
sistem operasi atau perangkat lunak guest.
Misal: Compatible Time-Sharing System(CTTS)
pada IBM M44/44X.
23. Full virtualization (1)
Merupakan teknik vitualisasi atau simulasi
lengkap semua perangkat keras yang
digunakan guest.
Misal: Vmware, virtualbox,Parallels Desktop, dll.
• Sistem pada guest dapat berjalan tanpa
modifikasi.
24. Full virtualization (2)
• Semua Guest mendapatkan sebuah virtual
hardware, dan semua virtual harware dikelola
oleh hypervisor.
25. Paravirtualization (1)
Merupakan sebuah teknik vitualisasi dengan
melakukan eksekusi permintaan dari
guest(OS) sehingga meniru perilaku kerja
sebuah sistem perangkat keras yang berbeda.
Misal: Xen
26. Paravirtualization (2)
• Tidak dilakukan simulasi lengkap, melainkan
permintaan guest dilayani melalui API (para
API).
• Guest perlu dipersiapkan/dimodifikasi untuk
berjalan dalam lingkungan ini.
27. Paravitualization (3)
Istilah pada paravirtualisasi:
Dom0: Guest OS utama yang ditumpangkan
pada host untuk mengelola dan melayani
guest lainnya.
Dom0 dapat mengakses langsung hardware
pada host.
DomU: Guest OS yang dikelola oleh Dom0,
mengakses hardware melalui para API pada
Dom0.
28. Ilustrasi
• Full virtualization (direct execution)
– Exact hardware exposed to OS
– Efficient execution
– OS runs unchanged
– Requires a “virtualizable” architecture
– Example: VMWare
• Paravirtualization
• OS modified to execute under VMM
• Requires porting OS code
• Execution overhead
• Necessary for some (popular) architectures
(e.g., x86)
• Examples: Xen
30. Jenis/Segmen Perangkat Lunak
• Jenis Desktop atau Workstation:
– Misal : Vmware Workstation, Parallels Desktop,
Xen Desktop,dll
• Jenis Server atau Enterprise
– Misal: Vmware ESX/vSphere, Xen Server, dll
31. Virtualisasi Segmen Desktop
Sistem virtualisasi dipasang ke sistem operasi host dan
disertai dengan tools pengelolaannya, sehingga
melakukan kontrol sumberdaya komputasi yang
berbagi dengan OS host
• Pengelolaan sistem dan mesin virtual dilakukan
melalui tool yang dipasang pada sistem operasi host.
32. Virtualisasi Server/Enterprise
Merupakan Hypervisor yang berjalan pada perangkat
server fisik dan memiliki kontrol penuh atas
pengelolaan dan pemetaan sumberdaya komputasi
yang tersedia.
• Pengelolaan sistem atau mesin virtual dilakukan
melalui tool dasar pada hypervisor atau tool lengkap
di komputer/server lain melalui jaringan komputer.
36. Kenapa dilakukan Virtualisasi?
Konsolidasi Server sehingga menghasilkan
penghematan biaya harware dan software
Pengurangan Kompleksitas (Reduction of
Complexity)
Isolasi
Keseragaman Platform
Legacy Support
Portabilitas
Pengelolaan beban kerja server yang lebih efektif
Menyediakan infrastruktur pengujian yang lebih baik
Penyediaan/pembangunan dan instalasi yang lebih
38. Definisi
Merupajan metoda virtualisasi yang
memungkinkan akses penuh peralatan dengan
bantuan dari sebuah sistem atau modul
hardware khusus pada host.
misalnya:
• Intel VT-x atau AMD-V
• Intel VT-d
39. Hardware-assisted
Virtualization
– Server hardware is virtualization aware
– Hypervisor and VMM load at
privilege Ring -1 (firmware)
– Removes CPU emulation bottleneck
– Memory virtualization coming in quad
core AMD and Intel CPUs
40. Hardware-assisted
virtualization
• The guest OS runs at ring 0
• The VMM uses processor extensions (such as
Intel®-VT or AMD-V) to intercept and emulate
privileged operations in the guest
• Hardware-assisted virtualization removes many
of the problems that make writing a VMM a
challenge
• The VMM runs in a more privileged ring than 0,
a virtual -1 ring is created
Virtual Machine Monitor
VirtualMachine
GuestOS
Device Drivers
App.A
App.B
App.C
Specialized API
Hardware
Hypervisor
Device Drivers
43. Telah dibahas
• Definisi Virtualisasi, Pengelompokan/kategori
dan contoh
• Definisi Mesin Virtual, Karakter/Sifat, Jenis
Virtualisasi Server/System, Kategori
Software/produk Virtualisasi System,
Hardware Assisted Virtualization dan
contohnya
• Sejarah
46. • Virtualisasi Sistem tidak hanya Xen, Virtualbox
dan Vmware
• Baca tentang UML,KVM, Hyper-V, dll
49. •Partitioning
Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine
Divide system resources between virtual machines
Karakteristik
•Isolation
Fault and security isolation at the
hardware level
Advanced resource controls preserve
performance
50. Karakteristik
•Partitioning
Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine
Divide system resources between virtual machines
•Isolation
Fault and security isolation at the hardware level
Advanced resource controls preserve performance
•Encapsulation
Entire state of the virtual machine can
be saved to files
Move and copy virtual machines as
easily as moving and copying files
51. •Encapsulation
Entire state of the virtual machine can be saved to files
Move and copy virtual machines as easily as moving and
copying files
Karakteristik
•Partitioning
Run multiple operating systems on one physical machine
Divide system resources between virtual machines
•Isolation
Fault and security isolation at the hardware level
Advanced resource controls preserve performance
•Hardware-Independence/Compatibility
Provision or migrate any virtual machine
to any similar or different physical server
53. Sistem Pengelolaan
• System Pengelolaan Berbasis Aplikasi di
Terminal
– Vmware VI Client untuk ESX/ESXi
– Citix XenCenter untuk Xen Server
• System Pengelolaan Berbasis Server
– VMware vCenter untuk ESX/ESXi
54. Metoda Pengelolaan
• Backup
• Pemindahan/Migrasi VM
– Pemindahan Tanpa Mengganggu Layanan (online
replication)
• Pengaturan Sumberdaya Komputasi
• High Availability
– Ketersediaan saat terjadi kegagalan (cluster VM,
hardware, network, dll)
• Bussiness Continuity/Disaster Recovery
55. Network Storage
• Merupakan elemen sangat penting dalam
virtualisasi System/Server
• Semua Mesin adalah file (ingat:enkapsulasi)
Hardware and low-level systems software change quickly High-level software (middleware, applications) changes more slowly
Hardware-assisted virtualization Hardware-assisted virtualization is very likely to emerge as the standard for server virtualization well into the future. While the first-generation hardware that supports hardware-assisted virtualization offers better CPU performance and improved virtual machine isolation, future enhancements promise to extend both performance (such as memory) and isolation on the hardware level. The key to isolation and memory performance lies in dedicating hardware space to virtual machines. This will come in the form of dedicated address space that is assignable to each VM. AMD-V's forthcoming nested paging support will remove the paging bottleneck found in the current shadow paging methodology and in turn improve memory performance. Note that Intel will offer the same functionality, referred to as Extended Page Tables (EPT), in future enhancements to its VT chips. CPUs that support hardware-assisted virtualization are fully aware of the presence of the server virtualization stack. With hardware-assisted virtualization enabled via the system's Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) setup, the system will automatically reserve physical address space exclusively for virtual machines. This provides true isolation of virtual machine resources. Also note the existence of a device I/O pass-through bus in the virtualization stack. This is significant because virtual machines can use this bus to access high I/O devices such as disk and network directly instead of through emulated hardware resources. However, the pass-through bus, also known as the VMBus, is part of the VMM/hypervisor architecture for hypervisors designed to support hardware-assisted virtualization. Keep in mind that while the pass-through bus can provide a clear data path to physical hardware resources, all control information is processed by the VMM, which prevents one VM from taking full control of a hardware resource.
The hypervisor (ESX Server and ESX Server 3i) then partitions a server into multiple virtual machines. VMs are basically just files and can be treated like files. This gives VMs amazing properties that then enable a much broader set of capabilities beyond just running many VMs on one server, not possible in the physical world. These properties: Partitioning: With ESX Server you are able to run many different OS-es on the same machine Isolation: These VMs running on a physical machine are independent and unaware of each other. Infecting one doesn’t mean affecting all the others. Encapsulation: Since the entire OS + app is packaged up into a set of files – manipulation of VMs becomes very much simpler than their physical counterparts Hardware independence: Virtual machines can be created on any x86 hardware and moved to any other x86 hardware; in many cases live