Various methods for preventions of dental caries 4
1. Presentation by:
Ritam Chakraborty
3rd year BDS student
HALDIA INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH
Guided by:
Dr. Rajarshi Banerjee(MDS,MOMS RCPS)
Professor, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, HIDSAR
Dr. Rupam Sinha(MDS)
Professor & HOD, Dept. of Oral Medicine & Radiology, HIDSAR
2. In spite of widespread awareness, dental caries is still the second most common
disease of human civilization after common cold
-According to WHO
Dental caries is a preventable disease of the mineralized tissues of the teeth with
a multi-functional etiology related to the interactions over time between tooth
substance & certain micro-organisms & dietary carbohydrates producing plaque
acids.
This paper aims to throw light on various modalities of caries prevention
5. PRIMARY PREVENTION
Primary prevention protects individuals against disease,often
by placing barriers between the aetiological agent and the
host.
Primary prevention is about keeping children’s teeth free
from dental caries.
6.
7. Risk factors of Dental caries
Clinical Dietary Social history Use of Plaque control Saliva Medical
evidence habits fluoride history
New lesions Frequent Social Drinking water Infrequent, Low flow rate Medically
No fissure sugar deprivation not fluoridated ineffective compromised
sealants intake Low knowledge cleaning Low buffering
High risk Fixed Ready No fluoride capacity Physical
appliance availability of toothpaste Poor manual disability
orthodontics snacks control High S.
Partial High caries in mutans & Long term
dentures siblings lactobacilli cariogenic
Anterior caries count medicine
or restorations
No new Infrequent Social Drinking Frequent, Normal flow No medical
lesions sugar intake advantage water effective rate problems
Fissure Dentally fluoridated cleaning
Low risk sealed aware High No physical
No appliance Limited Fluoride Good manual buffering problems
Sound intake of toothpaste & control capacity
anterior snacks supplements No long term
teeth Low caries in used medication
No or few siblings Low S. mutans
restorations & lactobacilli
count
12. SECONDARY PREVENTION
Secondary prevention aims to limit the progression and
effect of a disease at as early a stage as possible after
onset. It includes further primary prevention
13. TERTIARY PREVENTION
It is concerned with limiting the extent of disability
once a disease has caused some functional limitation.
The patient’s health status doesn’t return to the pre-
diseased state.
It must include further primary and secondary
prevention in order to prevent further carious attack
14. Accurate diagnosis & monitoring of
lesions over time is required for
effective prevention
16. Can be divided into three carious sites ->
Occlusal caries
Approximal caries
Smooth surface caries
17. MANAGEMENT OF OCCLUSAL CARIES
If only part of the fissure system is involved in small to
moderate dentine lesions with limited extension,the
treatment of choice is a composite sealant restoration.
If caries extends clinically into dentine,then carious
dentine should be removed & the tooth restored.
Dental amalgam is an effective filling material which
remains the treatment of choice in many clinical
conditions. There is no evidence that amalgam restorations
are hazardous to the general health.
18. MANAGEMENT OF APROXIMAL CARIES
Preventive care (eg. topical fluoride varnish)rather than operative care is
recommended when approximal caries is confined(radiographically or visually)to
enamel.
Management strategies should also include:
Twice daily use of a toothpaste containing
1000 ppm fluoride.
• Flossing
Dietary advice
In an approximal lesion requiring restoration, a conventional class II restoration
should be preferred.
19. MANAGEMENT OF SMOOTH-SURFACE CARIES
o Twice daily use of a toothpaste containing 1ooo ppm
of fluoride.
o Plaque removal
o Dietary advice
20. The diagnosis of secondary caries is extremely difficult
& clear evidence of involvement of active disease
should be ascertained before replacing a restoration.
21. INFORMATION FOR NON-DENTAL
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
Dental caries development
Sugar consumption
Dry mouth
Sugar-free medicines
Those who don’t attend a dentist regularly
Medically compromised
Orthodontic appliances
22. Vaccines are an immuno-biological substance designed to produce
specific protection against a given disease.
Stimulates the production of protective antibodies.
23. ROUTES OF IMMUNIZATION
In general,two types of immunization have been used with S. mutans :
Active immunization
Passive immunization
24. Common mucosal Systemic route of Active gingivo-
Immune system Immunization salivary route
Oral route
Intranasal route
Tonsillar route
Minor salivary gland
Rectal
26. ADVANTAGES OF VACCINE
Genetic material can be easily exchanged
It is possible to manipulate the antibody structure thus avoiding cross
reaction
Large scale production is possible
27. Synthetic peptides
Coupling with cholera toxin subunits
Fusing with salmonella
Microcapsules and microparticles
Liposomes
28.
29. With all these advancements, we hope, in recent future, we can
enroute dental caries out of the human civilization
Then we can shed off the allegation -
DENTAL CARIES IS THE DISEASE OF CIVILIZATION