Key vocabulary: Karyotypes Chromosome mutations Sickle Cell Anemia Malaria Cystic Fibrosis

4. Human female karyotype showing 23 homologous pairs of replicated chromosomes frozen at metaphase

6. Down’s Syndrome Karyotype

8. CHROMOSOME MUTATION

11. (Also called “substitution mutation”).

12. GENE MUTATIONS

14. Haemoglobin consists of 2 ß and 2 ά protein subunits, each with iron and haem.

16. Sickle cells carry less O 2 and can block capillaries, causing severe anemia and serious secondary complications. E.g., heart and kidney failure.

17. Symptoms of Sickle Cell Anemia

20. Life cycle of Malaria parasite

21. Occurrence of Sickle Cell anemia

22. Cystic Fibrosis. Deletion Gene Mutation

25. Somatic Mutation

27. Cancer and cell cycle http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations_S03.htm