The document discusses the structures of atoms found in organisms, including different types of covalent bonds and the basic structure of amino acids. It also describes the critical stages in X-ray analysis for protein crystallization, including cloning, purification, crystallization, data collection and interpretation. Common precipitants used in protein crystallization include salts like ammonium sulfate and organics like polyethylene glycol.

1. The Structures of Atoms Found in Organisms

2. Different Types of Covalent Bonds the shared electrons glue the atoms together

4. Basic Structure of An Amino Acid

5. alanine arginine asparagine aspartate cysteine glutamate glutamine glycine histidine isoleucine leucine lysine methionine phenylalanine histidine serine threonine tryptophan tyrosine valine The Twenty Amino Acids

6. Proteins are Polymers of Amino Acids some proteins in your body have the same amino acid sequence as those found in the chimpanzee

15. Hanging Drop Method of Vapor Diffusion This is the most commonly used technique for surveying and growing crystals for structural analyses.

17. Common Table Salt

18. Common Table Sugar

21. C-3 ’ -Methyltransferase

23. Space-Filling

24. Ball-and-Stick

25. Ribbon Representation

26. Electron Density

27. His 181 Glu 224 Tyr 222